Exhibition frames

കേരളത്തിലെ കണ്ടല്‍ ഇനങ്ങളെ പരിചയപ്പെടുത്തുവാനുള്ള എക്സിബിഷന്‍ ഫ്രെയിമുകള്‍. ഈ ഫ്രെയിമുകള്‍ ഗ്രാസ്റൂട്ടിന്റെ പല പ്രദര്‍ശനങ്ങളിലും ഉള്‍പ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ടു്.

Rhizophora mucronata

loop-root mangrove / red mangrove / Asiatic mangrove

ഭ്രാന്തന്‍ കണ്ടല്‍ / പ്രാന്തൻ കണ്ടൽ / പീക്കണ്ടൽ

Up to 15 meters high. Like a banyan tree, the roots grow low in the swamp like an umbrella. These roots and the plant together help to hold back the wind. It has a dense foliage. Green leaves turn yellow when ripened. Flowers are white. Long pods, like the green drumstick, stick in the mud when they fall down and can grow there. The blooming season is from December to June. Breeding takes place in a viviparous manner.

Avicennia officinalis

Indian mangrove / Api Api Ludat

ഉപ്പട്ടി / ഉപ്പൂത്ത / ഉപ്പൂറ്റി / ഒറയി

The young tree forms a low, dense bushy crown. Grow up to 30 m. The shiny green leaves have rounded apexes and golden-brown under leaf and grow in opposites. The flower has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm when expanded. It is orange yellow to lemon yellow in color. The bark is smooth, dirty green to dark gray in color. The fruit is green or brown, heart-shaped abruptly narrowed to a short beak, is 2.5 cm long or more.

Bruguiera cylindrica

White Burma Mangrove

കുറ്റിക്കണ്ടൽ / ചെറുകണ്ടൽ / കരക്കണ്ടല്‍

It is a small tree growing up to 66 ft tall but often grows as a bush. The bark is smooth and grey, with corky raised patches containing lenticels which are used in gas exchange and the trunk is buttressed by roots. The aerial roots or pneumatophores project from the soil in knee-shaped loops and have many lenticels which allow air into the interconnecting roots while excluding water. The roots spread out widely to provide stability in the waterlogged soil. The glossy green leaves are opposite, simple and elliptical with pointed ends. The flowers are in small bunches of 2–5 in the axils of the leaves.

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

Large-leafed orange mangrove / Oriental mangrove

പേനക്കണ്ടൽ

A tree that can grow up to 35m, though usually smaller, around 7-20m, it has a glabrous, smoothish, trunk with reddish brown bark (the bark is sometimes fibrous, sometimes lightish brown or grey).[4] The tree develops short prop-roots rather than long stilt-roots. The green elliptic leaves are 5–15 cm long. Flowers are solitary, with white or cream petals, that soon turn brown up to 1.5 cm long, pinkish-green to reddish brown calyx. The fruit are turbinate (spinning-top shaped), 2 cm long, when mature, the spindle-shaped fruits drop and become embedded in the mud in an upright position, where they rapidly develop roots.

Kandelia candel

എഴുത്താണിക്കണ്ടൽ

Grows as a shrub or small tree up to 10 metres (30 ft) tall. Its flaky bark is lenticellate and coloured greyish to reddish brown. The flowers are white. The ovoid fruits measure up to 25 cm (10 in) long. A 23 percent reduction in mangrove habitat since 1980 has resulted in widespread depletion of the plant's population and habitat.

Rhizophora apiculata

വള്ളിക്കണ്ടൽ

It's located exclusively in the mangrove ecosystem due to an affinity with wet, muddy and silty sediments. Due to the high salt concentrations of the soils it has mechanisms (ultrafiltration) in place to reduce the likely impacts associated with increased salt in plant physiology. There are a variety of alternative uses for R. apiculata including medically - to inhibit fungal infections.

Sonneratia alba

നക്ഷത്രക്കണ്ടൽ

Grows up to 130 ft tall with a trunk diameter up to 30 in. The cracked to fissured bark is brownish, turning grey below the tidal mark. The flowers are white, with pink at their ase. The dark green fruits measure up to 2 in long. In Malaysia and Indonesia, the sour fruits are used to flavor fish, and are sometimes eaten raw. The leaves are also eaten raw or cooked.

Sonneratia caseolaris

Mangrove Apple

ചക്കരക്കണ്ടൽ

This tree is a type of mangrove growing up to 20 m in height and with a trunk reaching a maximum diameter of 50 cm. It is present in tropical tidal mud flats from Africa to Indonesia, southwards down to northeast Australia and New Caledonia and northwards up to Hainan Island in China and the Philippines. The leaves and the fruit are edible and appreciated as food in certain areas, such as Maldives.

Excoecaria agallocha

Blind-your-eye mangrove / Buta buta / Poisonfish tree /

River poison tree.

കണ്ണാമ്പൊട്ടി / കമ്മട്ടി / കടപ്പാല

Most of the names refer to its toxic properties or its propensity to cause blindness when its latex comes into contact with the eyes. This plant grows in saline or brackish water in tropical mangrove forests, in a distribution bounded to the west by India, to the north by Bangladesh, to the south by Australia. It is found at higher elevations back away from the ocean where salinity is lower. This small tree species may grow up to 15 m high. Trees are either male or female (dioecious). Male flowers form drooping tassels, while female flowers appear as shorter spikes. Pollinators such as bees commonly visit the flowers. The fruit is a small dark capsule.

Aegiceras corniculatum

Black mangrove / River mangrove / Goat's horn mangrove

പൂക്കണ്ടൽ / പുഴക്കണ്ടൽ / കറുത്ത കണ്ടൽ

Grows as a shrub or small tree up to 23 ft high, though often considerably less. Its leaves are alternate, obovate, 1.2–3.9 in long and 0.59–1.97 in wide, entire, leathery and minutely dotted. Its fragrant, small, white flowers are produced as umbellate clusters of 10–30, with a peduncle up to 10 mm long and with pedicels 0.39–0.71 in long. The calyx is 0.079–0.157 in long and corolla 0.16–0.24 in long. The fruit is curved and cylindrical or horn-shaped, light green to pink in colour and 0.79–2.95 in long. It grows in mud in estuaries and tidal creeks, often at the seaward edge of the mangrove zone.

The species is of interest to many moths and insects and it is widely seen in Kerala coast.

സ്വതന്ത്ര ലൈസന്‍സിലുള്ള ക്രിയേറ്റീവ് കോമണ്‍സ് ഷെയര്‍ എലൈക്‍ ആട്രിബ്യൂഷന്‍ അനുമതിപത്ര പ്രകാരം ആണു് ഇതു പങ്കുവയ്ക്കുന്നതു്.

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1. കണ്ടല്‍ അനുബന്ധ സസ്യങ്ങള്‍
2. മുളയുടെ വര്‍ഗ്ഗങ്ങള്‍
3. Mangroves in Kerala - https://telegra.ph/Mangroves-in-Kerala-08-02 (This is the the text extracted from Koodu Magazine)
4. Mangrove Associates - https://telegra.ph/Mangrove-Associates-08-02 (This also is the the text extracted from Koodu Magazine)
5. കേരളത്തിലെ കണ്ടല്‍ ഇനങ്ങളെ പരിചയപ്പെടുത്തുവാനുള്ള എക്സിബിഷന്‍ ഫ്രെയിമുകള്‍ - https://telegra.ph/Exhibition-frames-11-02
6. കണ്ടല്‍ അനുബന്ധ സസ്യങ്ങള്‍ - Exhibition Frames by Grassroute https://telegra.ph/Exhibition-frames-II-11-04
7. Mangrove Forests in Kerala - Problems and possibilites.