15.5. Radiological guidance
@ProfFishchenkoWe identify the access level using the C-arm in the lateral view. The anteroposterior view is needed to determine incision positions relative to the projected spinous process.
The radiological landmark is the interlaminar space at the corresponding level. We mark the intervertebral disc level on the skin and draw the lines established during planning.
After preparation of the surgical field and sterile draping, we reconfirm the level with a localization needle under fluoroscopic guidance.
References
1. Zhu C, et al. Unilateral biportal endoscopic laminectomy for treating cervical stenosis: a technical note and preliminary results. Medicina. 2023;59(2):305.
2. Kang MS, et al. Percutaneous full-endoscopic versus biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy for unilateral cervical foraminal disc disease. Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery. 2022;14(4):539–547.