Atlas of Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery by Prof. Iakiv Fishchenko
@ProfFishchenko
Contents
Introduction
List of abbreviations
1. General section
1.1. Principles and concept of biportal endoscopic spine surgery (BESS/UBE)
1.2. Instruments for BESS/UBE
1.3. Equipment for BESS/UBE
1.4. Consumables (drapes, saline, tubing)
1.5. Clinical examination and patient selection for endoscopic intervention
1.6. Preoperative imaging and clinical–radiological correlation
1.7. Nomenclature and topography of intervertebral disc pathology
1.8. Identifying the source of symptoms and the target of endoscopic decompression
1.9. Choosing the surgical strategy: discectomy, decompression, and fusion
1.10. Epidural anatomy in the endoscopic field
2. Basic Technique
2.1. Operating Room Layout
2.2. Planning
2.3. Incision
2.4. Establishing Fluid Outflow
2.5. Spatial Orientation (Clock Face)
2.6. Hemostasis
2.7. Creating the Working Space
2.8. Clouding of the Operative Field
2.9. Bone Resection
2.10. Disc Curettage
2.11. Drainage
3. Anesthetic Management
3.1. General Anesthesia
3.2. Spinal Anesthesia
4. Intracanal lumbar disc herniations
4.1. Indications and contraindications
4.2. Equipment and instruments
4.3. Approach
4.4. Bone resection
4.5. L5–S1 level
4.6. Features of the L4–L5 level
4.7. Features of the L3–L4, L2–L3, and L1–L2 levels
4.8. Features of cranially migrated herniations
4.9. Features of caudally migrated herniations
4.10. Features of operating from the right side
4.11. Features of herniation removal through a contralateral approach
4.12. Chronic disc herniation with a firm or fibrotic fragment
4.13. Recurrent lumbar disc herniation
4.14. Clinical examples (videos with explanations)
4.15. Learning endoscopic lumbar discectomy
5. Foraminal and Extraforaminal Disc Herniations
5.1. Indications and Contraindications
5.2. Equipment and Instruments
5.3. Portal Planning and Marking for a Left-sided Approach
5.4. Portal Planning and Marking for a Right-sided Approach
5.5. Patient Positioning and Portal Placement
5.6. Hemostasis
5.7. Decompression of the Exiting Nerve Root and Removal of the Herniated Fragment
5.8. Specific Features of the Right-sided Approach at L5–S1
5.9. Specific Features of the Left-sided Approach at L5–S1
5.10. Clinical Examples (Videos with Commentary)
6. Central Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis
6.1. Indications and Contraindications
6.2. Equipment and Instruments
6.3. Approach
6.4. Irrigation and Fluid Outflow Control
6.5. Hemostasis
6.6. Bone Resection
6.7. Clinical Examples (Videos with Commentary)
6.8. Learning the contralateral stage of bilateral decompression
7. Lateral Recess Stenosis
7.1. Indications and Contraindications
7.2. Equipment and Instruments
7.3. Approach
7.4. Bone Resection
7.5. Clinical Examples (Videos with Commentary)
8. Foraminal Stenosis
8.1. Indications and Contraindications
8.2. Equipment and Instruments
8.3. Surgical Approach
8.4. Nerve Identification
8.5. Specific Features of the Right-Sided L5–S1 Approach
8.6. Specific Features of the Left-Sided L5–S1 Approach
8.7. Clinical Examples (with Video Explanation)
9. Contralateral Endoscopic Decompression for Foraminal Stenosis
9.1. Indications and Contraindications
9.2. Equipment and Instruments
9.3. Surgical Approach
9.4. Bone Resection
9.5. Clinical Examples (with Video Explanation)
10. Extraforaminal L5 Nerve Root Compression (Far-Out Syndrome)
10.1. Indications and Contraindications
10.2. Equipment and Instruments
10.3. Surgical Approach
10.4. Decompression
10.5. Clinical Examples (with Video Explanation)
11. Synovial Cyst
11.1. Indications and Contraindications
11.2. Equipment and Instruments
11.3. Specific Features of the Surgical Technique
11.4. Clinical Examples (with Video Explanation)
12. Interbody Spinal Fusion (BELIF/UBE-LIF)
12.1. Indications and Contraindications
12.2. Equipment and Instruments
12.3. Surgical Approach
12.4. Bone Resection
12.5. Interbody Space Preparation
12.6. Interbody Cage Implantation
12.7. Clinical Examples (with Video Explanation)
12.8. Endoscopic Decompression and BELIF/UBE-LIF for Spondylolisthesis
12.9. Endoscopic Decompression and Local Stabilization for Degenerative Scoliosis
13. Cervical disc herniation
13.1. Indications and contraindications
13.2. Equipment and instruments
13.3. Planning
13.4. Patient positioning
13.5. Radiological guidance
13.6. Approach
13.7. Endoscopic stage
13.8. Clinical examples (videos with explanations)
14. Cervical foraminal stenosis
14.1. Indications and contraindications
14.2. Equipment and instruments
14.3. Planning
14.4. Patient positioning
14.5. Radiological guidance
14.6. Approach
14.7. Endoscopic stage
14.8. Clinical examples (videos with explanations)
15. Cervical spinal stenosis
15.1. Indications and contraindications
15.2. Equipment and instruments
15.3. Planning
15.4. Patient positioning
15.5. Radiological guidance
15.6. Approach
15.7. Endoscopic stage
15.8. Clinical examples (videos with explanations)
16. Complications of BESS/UBE and their management
16.1. Dural injury
16.2. Nerve injury
16.3. Thermal nerve injury
16.4. Epidural hematoma
16.5. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage
16.6. Nerve irritation by the drainage tube
17. Postoperative Period
17.1. Initial Assessment of the Surgical Outcome
17.2. Evolution of Symptoms: Expected Course and Concerning Changes
17.3. Wound Examination and Drain Monitoring
17.4. Postoperative Imaging: Correlation with the Clinical Presentation
17.5. Further Follow-up and Outcome Assessment
18. Enhanced Recovery After Endoscopic Spine Surgery (ERAS)
18.1. Preoperative Preparation
18.2. Intraoperative Management
18.3. Postoperative Recovery
19. Rehabilitation
19.1. Principles and Individual Rehabilitation Planning
19.2. Rehabilitation After Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
19.3. Rehabilitation After Endoscopic Decompression of Lumbar Stenosis
19.4. Rehabilitation After Biportal Endoscopic Interbody Fusion—BELIF/UBE-LIF
19.5. Rehabilitation After Endoscopic Cervical Spine Procedures
19.6. Illustrated Exercise Library After Endoscopic Surgery
20. Educational Materials
20.1. Lectures
20.2. Conferences
20.3. Surgical Videos