Submissive Beast Ni Lai Shun Shou

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Submissive Beast Ni Lai Shun Shou
Not afraid of ghosts: stories of the spectral in modern Chines fiction
Not afraid of ghosts: stories of the spectral in modern Chines fiction
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This study explores literary representations of ghosts and the spectral in Mainland Chinese fiction from the Republican period (1912-1949) to the present. The first two chapters trace the politicization of Chinese ghost culture and literature within intellectual debates and fictional writings from the early 20th century. I argue that ghosts and narratives of haunting provided writers with a powerful metaphor and script to reflect on and negotiate a modernization project caught between the rejection and the strategic appropriation of China's cultural history. Reading ghosts as a fictional space, which challenges normative hierarchies between the past and the present, China and the West, chapter three discusses the phantom romance plot in late Republican Shanghai fiction and the representation of female phantoms as gendered reflections of, and on, Shanghai's commodity culture, cosmopolitanism, and the changing real and symbolic roles of women. Chapter four focuses on the conju...
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Unicode version 14. Skips those characters that don't have any reading data. Page created on 2021-12-23.
Abbreviations: M , Mandarin reading; C , Cantonese reading; T , Tang dynasty reading; J-On , Japanese On'yomi reading; J-Kun , Japanese Kun'yomi reading; K , Korean reading; V , Vietnamese reading. In the NumVal column, numbers are followed by P , for kPrimaryNumeric (characters which are mainly used for that numeric value); A , for kAccountingNumeric (characters used for accounting purposes, that can't be easily modified into other numeric characters); or O , for kOtherNumeric (for characters that have uncommon numeric uses).
M: yī, C: jat1, T: *qit qit, J-On: ICHI ITSU, J-Kun: HITOTSU HITOTABI HAJIME, K: 일 IL, V: nhất
M: dīng, C: ding1, T: *deng deng, J-On: TEI CHOU TOU, J-Kun: HINOTO ATARU YOBORO, K: 정 CENG, V: đinh
male adult; robust, vigorous; 4th heavenly stem
M: kǎo, C: haau2, J-On: KOU, J-Kun: SAMATAGERARERU, K: KYO
obstruction of breath (qi) as it seeks release; variant of other characters
M: qī, C: cat1, T: *tsit tsit, J-On: SHICHI SHITSU, J-Kun: NANATSU NANATABI, K: 칠 CHIL, V: thất
M: shàng, C: soeng6, J-On: SHOU, J-Kun: UE KAMI, K: SANG
M: xià, C: haa6, J-On: KA, J-Kun: SHIMO, K: HA
under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down; used to transliterate the Latin letter 'T'
M: wàn mò, C: maan6, J-On: MAN BAN, J-Kun: YOROZU, K: 만 MAN MWUK, V: vạn
M: zhàng, C: zoeng6, T: *djhiɑ̌ng djhiɑ̌ng, J-On: JOU CHOU, J-Kun: TAKE DAKE, K: 장 CANG, V: trượng
unit of length equal 3.3 meters; gentleman, man, husband
M: sān, C: saam1, T: *sɑm sɑm, J-On: SAN, J-Kun: MITSU MITABI, K: 삼 SAM, V: tam
M: shàng, C: soeng6, T: *zhiɑ̀ng zhiɑ̀ng zhiɑ̌ng, J-On: JOU SHOU, J-Kun: UE KAMI NOBORU, K: 상 SANG, V: thượng
top; superior, highest; go up, send up
M: xià, C: haa6, T: hà hǎ, J-On: KA GE, J-Kun: SHITA SHIMO MOTO, K: 하 HA, V: hạ
under, underneath, below; down; inferior; bring down
M: jī, C: gei1, J-On: KI GI, J-Kun: SONO SORE DAI, K: KI
M: bù, C: bat1, T: *biət biət, J-On: FU BU FUTSU HI, J-Kun: SEZU NIARAZU INAYA, K: 부 PWU PWUL, V: bất
M: yǔ, C: jyu5, J-On: YO, J-Kun: ATAERU KUMISURU TOMONI, K: YE, V: dữ
M: miǎn, C: min5, J-On: BEN MEN, J-Kun: MIENU, K: MYEN
M: gài, C: koi3, J-On: KAI KATSU, J-Kun: KOU, K: KAL KAY, V: cái
M: chǒu, C: cau2, J-On: CHUU CHU, J-Kun: USHI, K: 축 CHWUK CHWU, V: sửu
clown, comedian; 2nd terrestrial branch
M: chǒu, C: ng5, J-On: CHUU, J-Kun: USHI
the period from 1 to 3 a.m.; 2nd character of the 'branches'
M: zhuān, C: zyun1, J-On: SEN, J-Kun: MOPPARA
M: qiě, C: ce2, T: *tsiǎ tsiǎ, J-On: SHA SHO, J-Kun: KATSU, K: 차 CHA CE, V: thả
moreover, also (post-subject); about to, will soon (pre-verb)
M: pī, C: pei1, T: pyi, J-On: HI, J-Kun: OOKII, K: 비 PI, V: vậy
great, grand, glorious, distinguished
M: shì, C: sai3, T: *shiɛì shiɛì, J-On: SE SEI, J-Kun: YO, K: 세 SEY, V: thế
M: shì, C: sai3, J-On: SEI SE, J-Kun: YO
M: qiū, C: jau1, T: *kiou kiou, J-On: KYUU, J-Kun: OKA, K: 구 KWU, V: khâu
M: bǐng, C: bing2, J-On: HEI HYOU, J-Kun: HINOE, K: 병 PYENG, V: bính
profession, business; GB radical 111
M: chéng, C: sing4, T: *zhiəng zhiəng, J-On: SHOU JOU, J-Kun: SUKUU TASUKERU, K: 승 SUNG, V: thừa
M: diū, C: diu1, J-On: CHUU CHU, J-Kun: SARU NAGEUTSU, K: 주 CWU
M: qiū, C: kei3, T: kiou, J-On: KYUU, J-Kun: OKA, K: KWU
M: liǎng, C: loeng2, J-On: RYOU, J-Kun: FUTATSU, K: LYANG
two, both, pair, couple; a tael, ounce
M: diū, C: diu1, J-On: CHUU CHU, J-Kun: SARU NAGEUTSU, K: CWU, V: điêu
M: yǒu, C: jau5, J-On: YUU, J-Kun: TORI, K: YU
ancient form of the tenth of the twelve Terrestrial Branches, U+9149 酉
M: liǎng, C: loeng5, J-On: RYOU, J-Kun: FUTATSU, K: LYANG
M: bìng, C: bing6, T: bhěng, J-On: HEI, J-Kun: NAMI NARABERU NARABINI, K: 병 PYENG
equal to; side by side; also, what is more; both
M: gǔn, C: gwan2, J-On: KON SHI JO NYO, J-Kun: SUSUMU SHIRIZOKU, K: KON
(same as U+3021 HANGZHOU NUMERAL ONE 〡) number one; line; KangXi radical 2
M: jiū, C: gau2, J-On: KYUU, J-Kun: MATSUWARU, K: KWU
M: gè, C: go3, J-On: KA KO, J-Kun: KO HI, K: KAY KA, V: cá
M: yā, C: aa1, J-On: A, J-Kun: HUTAMATA AGEMAKI, K: 아 A, V: a
M: zhōng, C: zung1, T: *djiùng djiung, J-On: CHUU, J-Kun: NAKA UCHI ATARU, K: 중 CWUNG, V: trung
central; center, middle; in the midst of; hit (target); attain
M: jǐ, C: gik1, J-On: KEKI KYAKU, J-Kun: MOTSU TORU, K: KUK
M: jiè, C: gaai3, J-On: KAI, J-Kun: SANRANSURU
M: fēng, C: fung1, J-On: HOU FU FUU BU, J-Kun: MIMEYOI SHIGERU, K: 봉 PONG, V: phong
M: guàn, C: gwaan3, T: guàn, J-On: KAN KOU KEN, J-Kun: AGEMAKI ARAGANE, K: 관 KWAN
child's hairstyle bound in two tufts; ore
M: chuàn, C: cyun3, J-On: SEN KAN, J-Kun: KUSHI TSURANUKU, K: 곶 KOC KWAN CHEN, V: xuyến
M: chǎn, C: caan2, J-On: SAN SEN, J-Kun: KUSHI, K: CHAN
M: zhuó, C: zok6, J-On: SAKU, J-Kun: KUSANOMURAGARI, K: CHAK
M: zhǔ, C: zyu2, J-On: CHU, J-Kun: TEN CHOBO SHIRUSHI, K: CWU
“ears-out” component used in some Chinese characters (e.g. U+5151 兑); archaic form of U+516B 八; kwukyel, an archaic hanja-based writing system used in Korea before the invention of hangul
M: wán, C: jyun4, T: huɑn, J-On: GAN, J-Kun: MARUI MARUMERU TAMA, K: 환 HWAN, V: hoàn
M: dān, C: daan1, T: *dɑn dɑn, J-On: TAN, J-Kun: AKA NI, K: 단 TAN, V: đam
cinnabar (native HgS); vermilion (artificial HgS used as pigment)
M: zhǔ, C: zyu2, T: *jiǒ jiǒ, J-On: SHU SU, J-Kun: NUSHI OMO ARUJI, K: 주 CWU, V: chúa
M: jǐng, C: zeng2, J-On: SEI TAN SHOU, J-Kun: DONBURI, K: CENG
M: lì, C: lai6, J-On: REI, J-Kun: URUWASHI
M: jǔ, C: geoi2, J-On: KYO, J-Kun: AGERU
M: piě, C: pit3, J-On: HETSU HECHI YOU, J-Kun: MOTORU, K: PYEL, V: phết
M: fú, C: fat1, J-On: FUTSU BUCHI, J-Kun: MAGARU, K: PWUL
M: yí, C: ji4, J-On: I, J-Kun: NAGARERU
M: yì, C: ngaai6, J-On: GAI GE, J-Kun: KARU OSAMERU OSAMARU, K: 예 YEY, V: nghệ
M: nǎi, C: naai5, T: *nəǐ nəǐ, J-On: DAI AI NAI, J-Kun: SUNAWACHI NO, K: 내 NAY, V: nải
then; really, indeed; as it turned out, after all; namely
M: wǔ, C: ngau1, J-Kun: SHIME SHITE
SHIME: to find a place to dwell; sum; a measurement of paper; SHITE to do; (not to be confused with U3024 HANGZHOU NUMERAL FIVE)
M: jiǔ, C: gau2, T: *gioǔ gioǔ, J-On: KYUU KU, J-Kun: HISASHII, K: 구 KWU, V: cửu
long time (ago); time passage, grow late
M: jiǔ, C: gau2, T: gioǔ, J-On: KYUU KU, J-Kun: HISASHII, K: KWU
long time (ago); time passage, grow late
M: tuō, C: tok3, J-On: TAKU CHAKU, K: CEK
M: me, C: maa1, T: qeu, J-On: EU, K: YO
interrogative particle; repetition of a tune small; tender
M: zhī, C: zi1, T: *jiə jiə, J-On: SHI, J-Kun: YUKU KORE NO, K: 지 CI, V: chi
marks preceding phrase as modifier of following phrase; it, him her, them; go to
M: zhà, C: zaa3, T: jrhà, J-On: SAKU SA, J-Kun: TACHIMACHI NAGARA, K: 사 SA, V: chạ
M: hū, C: fu4, T: ho, J-On: KO, J-Kun: YO KANA KA, K: 호 HO, V: hồ
interrogative or exclamatory final particle
M: fá, C: fat6, T: bhiæp, J-On: BOU, J-Kun: TOBOSHII, K: 핍 PHIP, V: phạp
M: yín, C: jam4, J-On: GIN GON, J-Kun: NARABITATSU, K: IM
used with “pong” (U+4E53 乓) for “ping pong”
used with “ping” (U+4E52 乒) for “ping pong”
M: hǔ, C: fu2, J-On: KO, J-Kun: TORA
M: guāi, C: gwaai1, T: guæi, J-On: KAI, J-Kun: MODORU SOMUKU, K: 괴 KOY, V: quai
M: chéng, C: sing4, T: jhiəng, J-On: JOU SHOU, J-Kun: NORU NOSERU, K: SUNG
ride, ascend; avail oneself of; numerary adjunct for vehicles
M: chéng, C: sing4, T: jhiəng jhiə̀ng, J-On: JOU SHOU, J-Kun: NORU, K: 승 SUNG, V: thặng
ride, ascend; avail oneself of; numerary adjunct for vehicles
M: yǐ, C: jyut3, T: qyit, J-On: OTSU, J-Kun: KINOTO OTO, K: 을 UL, V: ất
M: yǐn, C: jyut3, J-On: IN ON, J-Kun: KAKURERU
hidden, mysterious, secret; to conceal; small; minute
M: miē, C: mat1, J-On: BA ME, J-Kun: YABUNIRAMI, K: MYA
M: jiǔ, C: gau2, T: *gioǔ gioǔ, J-On: KYUU KU, J-Kun: KOKONOTSU, K: 구 KWU KYU, V: cửu
M: qǐ, C: hat1, T: kiət, J-On: KOTSU KI, J-Kun: KOU KOI, K: 걸 KEL KI, V: khất
M: yě, C: jaa5, T: iǎ, J-On: YA, J-Kun: NARI MATA, K: 야 YA, V: dã
also; classical final particle of strong affirmation or identity
M: gài, C: goi3, J-On: GAI, J-Kun: KASA FUTA OOU
lid, to cover; to hide; a cover; an umbrella
M: jiǔ, C: gau2, J-On: KYUU, K: KYU
first character of Korean place name 'Halpho'
M: shǐ, C: ci2, J-On: SHI, J-Kun: HAJIMERU HAJIMARU, K: SI
the beginning; to start, to begin, to be the first
M: jī, C: gei1, J-On: KEI, J-Kun: URANAU, K: KYEY
M: náng, C: kek6, J-On: DOU NOU, J-Kun: KUMA
M: luàn, C: lyun6, J-On: RAN, J-Kun: MIDARERU OSAMERU MIDASU, K: LAN, V: loạn
M: rǔ, C: jyu5, T: njiǒ, J-On: NYUU, J-Kun: CHICHI CHI, K: 유 YU, V: vú
M: xué, C: zyut6, J-On: SETSU ZECHI, J-Kun: HINERU
M: yǎn, C: jim5, J-On: EN, J-Kun: SUSUMU
to enter; to make progress to advance; to urge forward
M: gān, C: kin4, J-On: KAN KEN, J-Kun: KAWAKU KAWAKASU, K: 건
M: qián gān, C: kin4, T: *ghyɛn ghyɛn gɑn, J-On: KAN KEN GEN, J-Kun: KAWAKU KAWAKASU INUI, K: 건 KAN KEN, V: kiền
dry; first hexagram; warming principle of the sun, penetrating and fertilizing, heavenly generative principle (male)
M: zhì, C: zi6, J-On: CHI JI, J-Kun: OSAMERU
M: guī, C: gwai1, J-On: KI KYUU KIN, J-Kun: KAME, K: KWI KYUN
M: gān, C: gon1, J-On: KEN, K: KEN KAN
M: luàn, C: lyun6, T: *luɑ̀n luɑ̀n, J-On: RAN RON, J-Kun: MIDARERU, K: 난 LAN, V: loạn
confusion, state of chaos; create chaos, revolt
M: lǐn, C: leon5, J-On: RIN, J-Kun: URERU
M: yì, J-On: I, J-Kun: MUSABORU, K: UY
M: jué, C: kyut3, J-On: KETSU, J-Kun: KAGI, K: KWEL
M: le, C: liu5, T: *leǔ leǔ, J-On: RYOU, J-Kun: OWARU TSUINI, K: 료 LYO, V: liễu
to finish; particle of completed action
kwukyel (old Korean hanja-based script) for “hammer”
M: yǔ, C: jyu4, T: *iu iu, J-On: YO SHA, J-Kun: ATAERU ARAKAJIME, K: 여 YE, V: nhừ
M: zhēng, C: zaang1, J-On: SOU, J-Kun: ARASOU ARASOI IKADEKA
M: shì, C: si6, J-On: JI ZU SHI, J-Kun: KOTO TSUKAU KOTOTOSURU, K: SA
affair, matter, business; to serve; accident, incident
M: shì, C: si6, T: *jrhiə̀ jrhiə̀, J-On: JI SHI, J-Kun: KOTO TSUKAU KOTOTOSURU, K: 사 SA, V: sự
affair, matter, business; to serve; accident, incident
M: èr, C: ji6, T: *njì njì, J-On: NI JI, J-Kun: FUTATSU FUTATABI, K: 이 I, V: nhì
M: chù, C: cuk1, J-On: CHOKU, J-Kun: TATAZUMU, K: CHOK MA, V: sục
to take small steps; Korean place name
M: yú, C: jyu1, T: *hio hio, J-On: U KU, J-Kun: KOKONI YUKU, K: 우 WU, V: vu
M: kuī, C: kwai1, J-On: U, J-Kun: KAKERU, K: 우 YU WU
M: yún, C: wan4, T: *hiuən hiuən, J-On: UN, J-Kun: IU, K: 운 WUN, V: vân
M: hù, C: wu6, T: hò, J-On: GO KO, J-Kun: TAGAI, K: 호 HO, V: hỗ
(archaic form) his, her, its, their; that
M: wǔ, C: ng5, T: *ngǒ ngǒ, J-On: GO, J-Kun: ITSUTSU, K: 오 O, V: ngũ
M: jǐng, C: zeng2, T: *tsiɛ̌ng tsiɛ̌ng, J-On: SEI SHOU, J-Kun: I IDO, K: 정 CENG, V: tỉnh
M: sì, C: sei3, J-On: SHI, J-Kun: YO YOTSU YOTTSU YON
M: suì, C: seoi3, J-On: SAI SEI, J-Kun: TOSHI YOWAI
M: gèn, C: gang2, J-On: SEN KAN KOU, J-Kun: MOTOMERU WATARI, K: 긍 SEN HWAN
M: gèn, C: gang2, J-On: KOU, J-Kun: WATARU WATARI, K: 긍 KUNG, V: cẳng
M: xiē, C: se1, J-On: SA SHA, J-Kun: ISASAKA, K: 사 SA, V: ta
M: yà, C: aa3, J-On: A ATSU OU, J-Kun: TSUGU, K: 아 A
M: qí, C: cai4, J-On: SEI, J-Kun: SOROU HITOSHII HITOSHIKU, K: CEY
even, regular, uniform all alike; to arrange
M: yà, C: aa3, T: qà, J-On: A ATSU OU, J-Kun: TSUGU, K: 아 A
Asia; second; used as a prefix to names
M: jí, C: gik1, J-On: KYOKU KI, J-Kun: SUMIYAKA, K: 극 KUK KI, V: cấc
M: tóu, C: tau4, J-On: TOU ZU, J-Kun: KEISAN NABEBUTA, K: TWU
M: wáng, C: mong4, T: *miɑng miɑng, J-On: BOU MOU, J-Kun: NAI NAKUNARU HOROBIRU, K: 망 MANG MWU, V: vong
M: kàng, C: kong3, T: kɑ̀ng, J-On: KOU, J-Kun: TAKABURU, K: 항 HANG, V: cang
high, proud; violent, excessive; skilled; name
M: jiāo, C: gaau1, T: *gau gau, J-On: KOU KYOU, J-Kun: MAJIWARU MAJIRU KAU, K: 교 KYO, V: giao
mix; intersect; exchange, communicate; deliver
M: hài, C: hoi6, T: həì, J-On: GAI KAI, J-Kun: I, K: 해 HAY, V: hợi
M: yì, C: jik6, T: *iɛk iɛk, J-On: EKI YAKU, J-Kun: MATA, K: 역 YEK
M: hēng, C: hang1, J-On: KYOU KOU HOU, J-Kun: TATEMATSURU TOORU, K: 형 HYENG PHAYNG, V: hanh
M: xiǎng, C: hoeng2, J-On: KYOU, J-Kun: SUSUMERU UKERU, K: 향 HYANG, V: hưởng
M: jīng, C: ging1, T: giæng, J-On: KYOU KEI KIN, J-Kun: MIYAKO, K: 경 KYENG, V: kinh
M: tíng, C: ting4, T: *dheng dheng, J-On: TEI CHOU CHIN, J-Kun: AZUMAYA, K: 정 CENG, V: đình
M: liàng, C: loeng6, T: liɑ̀ng, J-On: RYOU, J-Kun: AKIRAKA SUKE, K: 량 LYANG
M: jīng, C: ging1, J-On: KEI KYOU KIN, J-Kun: MIYAKO, K: 경 KYENG
M: yè, C: je6, J-On: YA, J-Kun: YO YORU, K: YA
relatives, parents; intimate the hazel nut or filbert tree a thorny tree
M: bó, C: bok3, J-On: HAKU BAKU, K: 박 PAK
name of district in Anhui; capital of Yin
slight, insult, treat with disrespect
M: dǎn, C: taan2, J-On: TAN SEN ZEN, J-Kun: ATSUI MAKOTO, K: 단 TAN
M: lián, C: lim4, J-On: REN, J-Kun: KADO YASUI, K: LYEM
M: mén, C: mei5, J-On: BI MI BON MON, J-Kun: TSUTOMERU UTSUKUSHII, K: 미 MI MWUN
M: rén, C: jan4, T: *njin njin, J-On: JIN NIN, J-Kun: HITO, K: 인 IN, V: nhân
M: jí, C: zaap6, J-On: SHUU JUU, J-Kun: ATSUMARU
M: wáng, C: mou4, T: miɑng, J-On: BOU MOU, J-Kun: NAI NAKUNARU HOROBIRU, K: MANG MWU
M: shén, C: sap6, J-On: SHUU JUU, J-Kun: KUMI TOU MAJIRU, K: 십 SIP CIP, V: thập
file of ten soldiers; mixed, miscellaneous
M: rén, C: jan4, T: njin, J-On: JIN NIN NI, J-Kun: HITO ITSUKUSHIMU, K: 인 IN, V: nhân
M: lè, C: lak6, J-On: ROKU RYOKU, J-Kun: AMARI TSUTOMERU, K: LUK
M: dīng, C: ding1, J-On: TEI, V: đừng
M: zè, C: zak1, T: *jriək jriək, J-On: SOKU SHOKU SHIKI, J-Kun: KATAMUKU HONOKA, K: 측 CHUK, V: trắc
M: pū, C: fu6, T: più, J-On: FU HOKU, J-Kun: TAORERU, K: 부 PWU, V: bọc
fall forward; lie prostrate, prone; servant
M: chóu, C: sau4, J-On: KYUU GU, J-Kun: ADA KATAKI, K: 구 KWU, V: cừu
M: zhǎng, C: zoeng2, J-On: SHOU, V: kẻ
M: jīn, C: gam1, T: *gyim gyim, J-On: KON KIN, J-Kun: IMA, K: 금 KUM, V: kim
M: jiè, C: gaai3, T: gæì, J-On: KAI, J-Kun: TASUKERU SUKE, K: 개 KAY, V: giới
forerunner, herald, harbinger; to lie between; sea shell; to wear armor
M: réng, C: jing4, T: *nə̌i njiəng, J-On: JOU NYOU, J-Kun: YORU SHIKIRINI NAO, K: 잉 ING, V: nhưng
yet, still, as ever; again; keep -ing, continuing
M: cóng, C: cung4, J-On: JUU SHOU JU, J-Kun: SHITAGAU YORI, K: CONG
M: fó, C: fat6, J-On: BUTSU, J-Kun: HOTOKE, K: PWUL
M: sǎn, C: tou1, J-On: SAN, J-Kun: KASA
(J) non-standard form of 傘 U+5098, umbrella, parasol, parachute
M: zǐ, C: zai2, J-On: SHI SAI, J-Kun: TAERU, K: 자 CA, V: tử
M: shì, C: si6, J-On: SHI JI, J-Kun: TSUKAERU TSUKAMATSURU, K: 사 SA, V: sĩ
M: tā, C: taa1, T: *tɑ tɑ, J-On: TA, J-Kun: HOKA, K: 타 THA, V: tha
M: zhàng, C: zoeng6, T: djhiɑ̀ng djhiɑ̌ng, J-On: JOU, J-Kun: YORU MAMORI TSUWAMONO, K: 장 CANG, V: trượng
rely upon; protector; fight; war, weaponry
M: fù, C: fu6, T: biò, J-On: FU, J-Kun: TSUKERU ATAERU TSUKU, K: 부 PWU, V: phó
give, deliver, pay, hand over; entrust
M: xiān, C: sin1, T: *siɛn siɛn, J-On: SEN, J-Kun: SENNIN SENTO, K: 선 SEN, V: tiên
Taoist super-being, transcendent, immortal
M: xiān, C: hin1, J-On: KEN, J-Kun: TOBU, K: HEN
M: tuō, C: tok3, J-On: TA TAKU, J-Kun: OTOME YORU, K: CHA THAK
M: tóng, C: tung4, T: dhung, J-On: DOU, J-Kun: ONAJI, K: 동 TONG, V: đồng
M: rèn, C: jan6, T: njìn, J-On: JIN, J-Kun: HAKARU, K: 인 IN
ancient unit of measure (8 feet); 'fathom'
M: qiān, C: cin1, J-On: SEN, J-Kun: KASHIRA, K: 천 CHEN
one thousand; leader of one thousand men
M: gǎn, C: gon2, J-On: KAN GAN, J-Kun: SOKONAU
M: gē, C: ngat6, J-On: KITSU KOCHI GOCHI, J-Kun: ISAMASHII, K: 흘 HUL
M: bó, C: bok6, J-On: HAKU BAKU SHAKU, J-Kun: MARUKIBASHI, K: CAK
M: dài, C: doi6, T: *dhəì dhəì, J-On: DAI TAI, J-Kun: KAWARU YO SHIRO, K: 대 TAY, V: đại
replace, replacement (of person or generation); era, generation
M: lìng, C: ling6, T: *liɛ̀ng liɛng, J-On: REI RYOU, J-Kun: IITSUKE OSA, K: 령 LYENG, V: lệnh
command, order; 'commandant', magistrate; allow, cause
M: yǐ, C: ji5, T: *iə̌ iə̌, J-On: I, J-Kun: OMOU YUENI MOTTE, K: 이 I
by means of; thereby, therefore; consider as; in order to
(coll.) three (cannot be followed by a measure word)
M: rèn, C: jan6, T: nhìn njìn, J-On: JIN, J-Kun: HAKARU, K: IN
ancient unit of measure (8 feet); 'fathom'
M: fǎn, C: faan2, J-On: KA KE, J-Kun: KARI KARIRU KARINI, K: 가 KA PAN
M: chào, C: caau3, J-On: SOU SHOU BYOU MYOU, J-Kun: SAISAMA
M: yǎng, C: joeng5, T: *ngiɑ̌ng ngiɑ̌ng, J-On: GYOU KOU, J-Kun: AOGU OOSE AORU, K: 앙 ANG, V: ngưỡng
raise the head to look; look up to, rely on, admire
M: qián, C: kim4, J-On: KEN GEN KYOU KIN GON, J-Kun: HOKORU TSUTSUSHIMU
M: zhòng, C: zung6, T: *djhiùng djhiùng, J-On: CHUU, J-Kun: NAKA, K: 중 CWUNG
middle brother; go between, mediator; surname
M: pǐ, C: pei2, J-On: HI BI, J-Kun: WAKARERU, K: 비 PI
M: wǔ, C: ng5, J-On: KO GO, J-Kun: A
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