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Edward Archer, E. Kasprzyk-Hordern , Gideon M. The current study is aimed to introduce a wastewater-based epidemiology WBE approach for the first time on the African continent where substance abuse data is limited. The study included the quantification of several drugs of abuse DOA in raw wastewater samples. Quantification of urinary metabolites as drug target residues DTR , as well as enantiomeric profiling of chiral DOA was performed to distinguish between consumption and direct disposal into sewage. Monitoring campaigns were undertaken at two South African wastewater treatment works WWTWs located within two provinces of the country. The presence of non-racemic 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA and methamphetamine, as well as the metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine BEG , confirmed their consumption within the areas investigated. Enantiomeric profiling further pointed to the abuse of methamphetamine as the primary DOA with use estimates calculated between These findings provide a novel comparison of the WBE approach in a developing-country with other global studies, with the aim to strengthen this approach as a tool to inform drug prevention strategies in countries where substance abuse data is limited due to financial constraints and lack of government structures to facilitate conventional monitoring. Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. PI , Barnett, J. CoI , Estrela, P. CoI , Feil, E. CoI , Frost, C. CoI , Kjeldsen, T. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Project : Research council. T1 - Wastewater-based epidemiology and enantiomeric profiling for drugs of abuse in South African wastewaters. N2 - The current study is aimed to introduce a wastewater-based epidemiology WBE approach for the first time on the African continent where substance abuse data is limited. AB - The current study is aimed to introduce a wastewater-based epidemiology WBE approach for the first time on the African continent where substance abuse data is limited. Wastewater-based epidemiology and enantiomeric profiling for drugs of abuse in South African wastewaters. Department of Chemistry. Stellenbosch University Ryerson University. Overview Fingerprint Projects 1 Equipment 1. Abstract The current study is aimed to introduce a wastewater-based epidemiology WBE approach for the first time on the African continent where substance abuse data is limited. Keywords Chirality Illicit drugs Metabolites Substance abuse. Link to publication in Scopus. Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Wastewater-based epidemiology and enantiomeric profiling for drugs of abuse in South African wastewaters'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. View full fingerprint. Projects 1 Finished. Projects per year. Science of the Total Environment , , In: Science of the Total Environment , Vol. Science of the Total Environment. Epub Jan 3. In: Science of the Total Environment. AU - Kasprzyk-Hordern, B. AU - Wolfaardt, Gideon M.

South African Journal of Psychiatry

Stellenbosch where can I buy cocaine

A recent preliminary study published on medRxiv identified ibrutinib, a drug commonly used to treat cancer, as a potential candidate for treating cocaine toxicity 1. The researchers used publicly available genome wide expression data and an unlikely model for cocaine addiction — fruit flies — to establish a new method for screening and validating generic drugs for a variety of drug use disorders. For the new study, Spencer Huggert, a behavioral geneticist at Emory University and first author of the preprint paper, analyzed gene expression data from post-mortem human brain tissues from 71 individuals, 36 of whom died from cocaine overdose. He analyzed the transcriptional response profiles of FDA approved drugs in neuronal cells available in the L database and identified 16 with transcriptional profiles opposite of those from the brains of individuals with cocaine use disorder. Essentially, genes that were highly expressed in the brains of cocaine users were expressed at low levels in neuronal cells treated with one of the drugs and vice versa. The negative correlation was stronger than any of the 20 drugs currently in clinical trials for cocaine use disorder, suggesting that the drug may combat aberrant gene expression and therefore symptoms of cocaine toxicity more effectively than drugs currently in trial. Huggert used computational analysis to trim his list. He compared the transcriptional profile of responses to each of the drugs with transcriptomics data available from published in vitro and in vivo experiments. Neuronal cells treated with ibrutinib, which is commonly used to treat leukemia, showed inverse expression profiles compared to cells and mice exposed to cocaine. He turned to geneticist Robert Anholt from Clemson University to test if ibrutinib could reverse the effects of cocaine toxicity as predicted using an established fruit fly model 2. Male fruit flies treated with ibrutinib after cocaine exposure moved more frequently and had significantly fewer seizures than untreated flies. Although female fruit flies given cocaine and ibrutinib also moved more frequently and had fewer seizures, the results were not significant. This did not surprise Anholt, who also observed differences in cocaine responses between male and female flies when he used single cell RNA sequencing to map the transcript level changes of each cell in the brain of flies treated with cocaine 2. Leggio suggested that adding data from a rodent model would strengthen the findings and give a stronger sense as to whether or not ibrutinib can treat cocaine use disorder and cocaine toxicity. Huggert is already ramping up to validate these results in mice and testing the effectiveness of other drugs identified in his analysis in fruit flies to strengthen the preprint before publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Huggert and Leggio are both excited about the potential of this method to speed the discovery of generic drug candidates for other neurological disorders. Home Neuroscience. Top Image: Researchers tested whether a cancer drug called ibrutinib could reverse the effects of cocaine toxicity in fruit flies. Fruit flies reveal drug candidates for cocaine use disorder Researchers used an innovative computational approach to identify a generic drug that could be repurposed to treat cocaine toxicity. Subscribe to our eNewsletters. Please read our Cookie Policy to learn how we use cookies to provide you with a better experience.

Stellenbosch where can I buy cocaine