Sex Education In Order To Pregnancy

Sex Education In Order To Pregnancy

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When my husband and I found out I was pregnant, I asked my ob-gyn, "Is there anything I can't do?" She reassured me that I was fine. "So, anything goes?" Eric asked with more emphasis, to which my doctor looked puzzled. Beet red, I finally blurted out, "Umm ... you know ... can we still have sex?"

Yes, she assured us, sex was fine. After she left, my husband and I looked at one another. What were we -- two mature adults or a couple of 16-year-olds?

We realized that sex is still a sensitive subject for doctors and patients. But it's a part of life, and for most of us, it's what got us pregnant in the first place! To shed some light on sex during pregnancy, we've tackled your top questions.

First Trimester: You may feel very tired; take naps whenever you can, and if you have to, schedule times to be romantic together.

Second Trimester: Morning sickness should be gone by now, but your slightly-larger-yet-not-quite-pregnant-looking body may make you feel unsexy. Invest in flattering lingerie: camisoles can hide your larger stomach, and boy shorts look great on everyone.

Third Trimester: Don't attempt to hide your burgeoning belly. A tent dress will do nothing for either your husband's libido or yours. Pregnancy is its own kind of beauty; revel in the great hair and skin it can give you!

Good news: Sexual activity and intercourse are both normal and safe for most pregnant women because the cervix acts as a protective barrier between the penis and the baby. (Those with complications should consult their doctor.)

Of course, use common sense -- now is not the time to try swinging from the chandelier. And because pregnancy lowers a woman's immune response, you're vulnerable to infections, especially those of the urinary tract. Using the bathroom after sex can help flush out bacteria that may have been introduced during sex, thus decreasing your chances of getting a urinary tract infection.

Don't be alarmed by mild soreness in the vaginal area or spotting , which can result from sex during pregnancy. However, call your doctor if you have constant heavy bleeding with abdominal cramps or pain or a gush of fluid from the vagina but no pain or bleeding.

Avoid lying flat on your back for long; this puts pressure on the vein that returns blood from your lower body to your heart. As you near the ninth month, think Missionary: Impossible. This position is dangerous late in pregnancy because it puts too much pressure on your stomach.

Be up front about what works for you and what doesn't. One night, after a few minutes of "ouch!", "sorry!", and "whoops!", we laughed ourselves silly -- it was as if I needed yellow police tape to block off sections of my body. We realized that we had to be straight about any newly sensitive or off-limits areas. And we found that having a few small pillows around was essential; I could prop myself up to make side positions really comfortable and to modify old favorites perfectly.

Preterm labor , previous preterm birth , placenta previa, infection, vaginal bleeding, and discharge of amniotic fluid may make sex off-limits. If your doctor says you can't have sex, find out if this means no intercourse or no orgasm. Don't make assumptions -- you don't want to endanger your baby or yourself.

Once you understand what you can and can't do, find ways to stay connected, like holding hands, hugging, or curling up on the couch to watch movies together. If no sex for a few months sounds daunting, try shopping for baby clothes or decorating the nursery. These activities helped us feel close without feeling sexual. Still need to cool off? Watch a labor video.

Absolutely! For starters, during the first trimester, the breasts outpace the rest of your body in getting bigger, so you may look like you've had a (free!) boob job. During the second and third trimesters, your body increases its total blood volume by about 50 percent, which means increased blood flow to all parts of your skin. The result: ultra sensitivity all over, including erogenous zones you may have forgotten about. In the third trimester, you'll have increased blood flow plus an engorged vaginal area, which means increased sensation and sensitivity right where it counts the most.

Sex is unlikely to bring on labor. Most couples have sex less frequently in the third trimester anyway, when worries may peak. We discovered that watching our future child kick, squirm, and occasionally press a hand against my stomach was exciting but definitely not a turn-on. In fact, such a potent reminder that you are about to be responsible for a tiny being can curb the libido.

Recovery time varies, but it's usually fairly quick. A study in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology reported that 39 percent of women resume sex by 6 weeks postpartum, 67 percent by 7 to 8 weeks, 81 percent by 9 to 12 weeks, and 90 percent after 3 months. Again, there's no right or wrong. Go with how you feel, both mentally and physically.

Pregnancy provides couples with many challenges, but fear about sex doesn't have to be one of them. Enjoy this time together. Don't forget -- the new baby will bring plenty of challenges of his own; loving and supporting each other will help you weather the ups and downs.

Katharine and Eric Cole are writing a book about pregnancy. They have two children.

Originally published in American Baby magazine, January 2007.

All content here, including advice from doctors and other health professionals, should be considered as opinion only. Always seek the direct advice of your own doctor in connection with any questions or issues you may have regarding your own health or the health of others.

Adolescent Health: What Works In Schools
High-Risk Substance Use Among Youth
Health Behaviors High-Risk Substance Use Among Youth
Condom Availability Programs (CAPs)
Health Services for Teens Condom Availability Programs (CAPs)
Source: 2018 School Health Profiles
How can schools deliver sexual health education?
What are the benefits of delivering sexual health education to students?
*High-risk substance use is any use by adolescents of substances with a high risk of adverse outcomes (i.e., injury, criminal justice involvement, school dropout, loss of life). This includes misuse of prescription drugs, use of illicit drugs (i.e., cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, inhalants, hallucinogens, or ecstasy), and use of injection drugs (i.e., drugs that have a high risk of infection of blood-borne diseases such as HIV and hepatitis).
What does delivering sexual health education look like in action?

1. Implement policies that foster supportive environments for SHE.

Identify existing state, district, and school policies on health education and SHE for all students.
Establish a skills-based health education course requirement—which includes SHE content—for all middle and high school students.

2. Use health content that is medically accurate, developmentally appropriate, culturally inclusive, and grounded in science.

†A scope and sequence document outlines the key health topics and concepts to be learned across grade levels (scope), and the logical progression of health knowledge, skills, and behaviors to be addressed at each grade level (sequence)—from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade 7 .

3. Equip staff with the knowledge and skills needed to deliver SHE.

Seek feedback from teachers, staff, students, and administrators within the school about what critical knowledge and skills are needed to effectively deliver SHE.
Identify a set of instructional competencies—the essential knowledge and teaching skills—that those delivering SHE should know and be able to demonstrate during instruction.
Use the identified instructional competencies to design, implement, and evaluate teacher and staff professional development and training. These trainings can improve teachers’ knowledge and comfort with the subject matter and use of effective teaching skills needed for SHE.

4. Engage parents and community partners.

Create School Health Advisory Councils (SHACs), or similar committees, that regularly provide district-level guidance on the school health program for students and staff. Within SHE, a SHAC can make valuable recommendations to strengthen curriculum or professional development and training opportunities for staff.
Use strategies to actively engage families and communities in school health programs, explicitly gaining their feedback on SHE curricula through participation on the SHACs.

CDC. PS18-1807 Program Guidance: Guidance for School-Based HIV/STD Prevention (Component 2) Recipients of PS18-1807 pdf icon [PDF – 120 pages] . Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2019.
National Health Education Standards . CDC Division of Adolescent and School Health website. Accessed December 20, 2019.
Chin HB, Sipe TA, Elder R. The effectiveness of group-based comprehensive risk-reduction and abstinence education interventions to prevent or reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus, and sexually transmitted infections: Two systematic reviews for the guide to community preventive services. Am J Prev Med 2012;42(3):272–94.
Mavedzenge SN, Luecke E, Ross DA. Effective approaches for programming to reduce adolescent vulnerability to HIV infection, HIV risk, and HIV-related morbidity and mortality: A systematic review of systematic reviews. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014;66:S154–69.
Basch CE. Healthier students are better learners: A missing link in school reforms to close the achievement gap. J Sch Health 2011;81(10):593–8.
CDC. Health-related behaviors and academic achievement among high school students—United States, 2015. MMWR 2017;66(35):921–927.
CDC. Developing a Scope and Sequence for Sexual Health Education [PDF – 17 pages] . Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. .
CDC. Program guidance on the review of HIV-related educational and informational materials for CDC assistance programs pdf icon [PDF – 4 pages] . Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016.
CDC. Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT) . Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2012.

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH) has established an evidence-based approach schools can implement to help prevent HIV, STDs, and unintended pregnancy among adolescents. It includes quality health education, systems that connect students to health services, and safer and more supportive school environments. This info brief focuses on delivering quality sexual health education —a systematic, effective way schools can provide adolescents the essential knowledge and critical skills needed to decrease sexual risk behaviors.
Quality sexual health education (SHE) provides students with the knowledge and skills to help them be healthy and avoid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and unintended pregnancy. A SHE curriculum includes medically accurate, developmentally appropriate, and culturally relevant content and skills that target key behavioral outcomes and promote healthy sexual development. The curriculum is age-appropriate and planned across grade levels to provide information about health risk behaviors and experiences. Sexual health education should be consistent with scientific research and best practices; reflect the diversity of student experiences and identities; and align with school, family, and community priorities.
Across states, fewer than half of high schools (43%) and less than one-fifth of middle schools (18%) teach key CDC topics for sexual health education.
Quality sexual health education programs share many characteristics. These programs:
A school health education program that includes a quality SHE curriculum targets the development of critical knowledge and skills needed to promote healthy behaviors and avoid risks. It is important that SHE explicitly incorporate skill development. Giving students time to practice, assess, and reflect on skills taught in the curriculum helps move them toward independence, critical thinking, and problem solving to avoid HIV, STDs, and unintended pregnancy.
Broward County Public Schools in Florida has used CDC’s Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT) to improve their health education curricula.

We compared our current curriculum with HECAT and made changes and modifications and enhancements based on what we analyzed.
Quality sexual health education programs teach students how to:
Promoting and implementing well-designed SHE programs positively impacts student health in a variety of ways. Students who participate in these programs are more likely to:
In addition to providing knowledge and skills to address sexual behavior , quality SHE programs can be tailored to include information on high-risk substance use * , suicide prevention, and how to keep students from committing or being victims of violence—behaviors and experiences that place youth at risk for poor health and academic outcomes.
To successfully put quality SHE into practice, schools need supportive policies, appropriate content, trained staff, and engaged parents and communities. Schools can put these four elements in place to support SHE.
Include enough time during professional development and training for teachers to practice and reflect on what they learned (essential knowledge and skills) to support their sexual health education instruction.
By law, if your school district or school is receiving federal HIV prevention funding, you will need an HIV Materials Review Panel (HIV MRP) to review all HIV-related educational and informational materials. This review panel can include members from your School Health Advisory Councils, as shared expertise can strengthen material review and decision making.
Learn more about delivering quality sexual health education in the Program Guidance .
Check out CDC’s tools and resources below to develop, select, or revise SHE curricula.
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Study Finds that Comprehensive Sex Education Reduces Teen Pregnancy

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Researchers from the University of Washington found that adolescents who receive comprehensive sex education are significantly less likely to become pregnant than adolescents who receive abstinence-only-until-marriage or no formal sex education. The study, based on a national survey of 1,719 teens ages 15 to 19, is the first population-level evaluation of the effectiveness of both abstinence-only and comprehensive sex education programs. The results are very promising for comprehensive sex education.According to Pamela Kohler, the study’s lead author, “It is not harmful to teach teens about birth control in addition to abstinence.”This study joins a host of others that prove that abstinence-only does little and comprehensive sex education does much for our teens. The dangers of abstinence-only are nothing new – one well-known study by Mathematica found that students who participated in abstinence-only programs are just as likely to have sex as their peers who did not participate.Yet in the face of this overwhelming evidence, 1 in 4 teens receive only abstinence-only instruction. On top of that, 9 percent of teens receive no sex education at all, particularly those in rural or poor areas. Thankfully, that leaves two-thirds of students in comprehensive sex ed. As temporarily reassuring as that might be, we cannot also lose sight of the fact that 1 in 4 teen girls have an STD.This sobering fact also points to how much work we have left to do. The University of Washington study does not speak to how comprehensive sex ed should be implemented. Clearly this is a question to be handled carefully by both parents and administrators alike, as we continue to improve and expand the reach of comprehensive sex education programs.

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Sex Education In Order To Pregnancy

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