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Medical equipment manufacturers are refusing to sell their products for use in lethal injection, The Intercept has learned. The four companies that have raised objections are Baxter International Inc. Braun Medical Inc. In addition to manufacturing drugs, they make IV catheters, syringes, medical tubing, and IV bags, products states rely on to administer lethal injection. In statements to The Intercept, the companies said that the use of their equipment in executions contradicts their values. Fresenius Kabi, a German company that specializes in IV devices, told The Intercept that it would seize its products from corrections departments if it became aware of their use in lethal injection. Braun, which is also headquartered in Germany, said it prohibits its U. Baxter International, a health care company based in Illinois, confirmed through a spokesperson that a statement opposing the use of its products in lethal injection applied to medical equipment as well as drugs. For more than a decade, pharmaceutical companies have forbidden state corrections departments from using their drugs in U. The restrictions have led states to track down execution chemicals through unscrupulous suppliers , devise new lethal injection protocols using untested drug combinations, or pursue alternative methods of execution. But there has been little inquiry into the equipment used to perform lethal injections. Until now, the bulk of legal challenges to lethal injection have focused on the sources of the drugs and questions about their safety. Prisons typically buy their medical equipment from wholesalers or distribution companies. A spokesperson for B. The company reviews its sales records and monitors for misuse, according to the spokesperson. But it appears that wholesalers may have previously interpreted restrictions more narrowly and applied them solely to drugs, not equipment. In a statement on its website, the medical wholesaler Henry Schein Inc. McKesson Corp. Both have contracts to provide medical equipment to states that actively employ the death penalty, records show. The statement did not discuss its policy on equipment. The company previously sued Arkansas after officials deceptively purchased a banned drug for executions. The state executed nine people during that period. When asked about the purchase records, B. He said that as an additional precaution, B. Braun sent letters to Oklahoma Gov. Braun products for capital punishment. Oklahoma has taken secrecy so seriously that Baich, who toured the Oklahoma execution chamber a few years ago, said officials covered the brand name of every product in the room, including the clock and refrigerator. Between and , Chapman was required to maintain an inventory of every item in the infirmary, and although the state executed several people during her tenure, she noticed that nothing was taken. She said she suspected the execution team was responsible for bringing in its own equipment. The corrections departments either declined to comment, often pointing to secrecy laws, or did not answer. Henry noted that documents she has obtained during discovery in death penalty lawsuits and from public records requests related to execution protocols have not specified restrictions on medical equipment. The opposition of health care companies to the use of their equipment for capital punishment follows more than a decade of clashes between pharmaceutical companies and state officials seeking to obtain drugs for executions. In , the pharmaceutical company Hospira Inc. That same year, the European Union voted to prohibit the exportation of drugs used in lethal injection , leading to supply shortages. As part of that rule, the EU created a list of tightly controlled drugs it would not sell to the U. That included pentobarbital, which many states also used in executions. Even as the number of pharmaceutical companies that refused to sell to prison agencies mounted, states continued to find ways to obtain drugs. Ohio tried to have its department of mental health obtain drugs for use in executions to avoid tracking. A vial of pentobarbital used in the executions of two people in July The U. In the face of these challenges, some states resorted to making their own drugs through compounding pharmacies, but replicating lethal injection equipment will prove more difficult. Adding to the problem, Zivot said hospitals have experienced shortages of IV equipment since Over the years, Fresenius Kabi was at the forefront of challenges over the misuse of its products. In , after learning that states were attempting to obtain propofol for executions, it warned that misuse of the drug could lead the EU to impose restrictions on sales to the United States. The medication is an anesthetic administered more than 50 million times each year in the U. In , Fresenius Kabi sued Nebraska for purchasing its drugs for lethal injection. Letters sent to Nebraska officials in and , which were reviewed by The Intercept, show that while the company stated that officials should not use its products for the purposes of capital punishment, it did not specifically mention medical equipment. Kuhn said that Fresenius Kabi has not been made aware of any states using its technologies in executions and would take action if needed. Manufacturers will likely face an uphill battle in figuring out whether their supplies are being used in executions. Five states have conducted 17 executions this year, all of them by lethal injection. More than two dozen other executions are planned through the end of The End of Roe. Israel and the United States are already speaking about a Lebanon post-Hezbollah. Search for:. A nurse prepares a butterfly catheter for insertion. Join Our Newsletter Original reporting. Fearless journalism. Delivered to you. I'm in. 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Pharmaceutical Distribution Models for Hospitals and Physician Practices

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Phone: Admin UToledo. Edu Grant Development Research. Development UToledo. IRB - Biomed Phone: Biomed UToledo. SBE UToledo. Main Menu. Helpful links Drug Enforcement Administration U. Contact Us Phone: Research and Sponsored Programs. Purchasing This page details the purchasing requirements for controlled substances and dangerous drugs used in research. As a rule, only the minimum amount needed should be ordered at any given time. This page details the purchasing requirements for controlled substances and dangerous drugs used in research.

Schien buying MDMA pills