Public Opinion Polls On Same Sex Marriage
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Public Opinion Polls On Same Sex Marriage
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Support for gay marriage at 70% for first time
A majority of Republicans now support same-sex marriage
Support among older adults has reached the 60% mark
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WASHINGTON, D.C. -- U.S. support for legal same-sex marriage continues to trend upward, now at 70% -- a new high in Gallup's trend since 1996. This latest figure marks an increase of 10 percentage points since 2015, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that all states must recognize same-sex marriages.
Line graph. The percentage of Americans who say same-sex marriage should be recognized by law as valid. 70% of Americans in the latest poll, from 2021, say this.
These data are from Gallup's annual Values and Beliefs poll, conducted May 3-18.
Today's 70% support for same-sex marriage marks a new milestone in a trend that has pointed upward for a quarter of a century. A small minority of Americans (27%) supported legal recognition of gay and lesbian marriages in 1996, when Gallup first asked the question. But support rose steadily over time, eventually reaching the majority level for the first time in 2011.
By the time of the Supreme Court's Obergefell v. Hodges decision in 2015, support for gay marriage had reached 60%. Since then, the issue has been less prominent in U.S. politics, and public support for same-sex marriage has continued to increase.
Gallup has recorded other shifts in Americans' ideas on marriage over time, historically, including expanded support for interracial marriage , which had 87% approval as of Gallup's 2013 update.
Republicans, who have consistently been the party group least in favor of same-sex marriage, show majority support in 2021 for the first time (55%). The latest increase in support among all Americans is driven largely by changes in Republicans' views.
Democrats have consistently been among the biggest supporters of legal same-sex marriage. The current 83% among Democrats is on par with the level of support Gallup has recorded over the past few years. This could suggest that support for gay marriage has reached a ceiling for this group, at least for now. Meanwhile, support among political independents, now at 73%, is slightly higher than the 68% to 71% range recorded from 2017 to 2020.
Line graph. The percentage of Americans who say same-sex marriage should be recognized by law as valid, by political affiliation. 83% of U.S. Democrats, 73% of independents and 55% of Republicans in 2021 say same-sex marriage should be recognized by the law as valid.
As would be expected at a high-water mark in national support for same-sex marriage, all age groups are the most supportive they have been to date. Still, age differences remain, with 84% of young adults, 72% of middle-aged adults, and 60% of older adults saying they favor same-sex marriage.
Line graph. The percentage of Americans who say same-sex marriage should be recognized by law as valid, by age group. 84% of Americans aged 18-34, 72% of those aged 35-54 and 60% of those 55 years of age or older in 2021 say same-sex marriage should be recognized by law as valid.
Once opponents of legalization, Republicans have mostly come to back it. Court and legislative challenges to the legal status of same-sex marriage have simmered down since the Supreme Court issued its decision. Meanwhile, older U.S. adults, who were once holdouts in support for gay marriage, now come down on the same side of the issue as young adults.
Gallup's trend illustrates that Americans' views can shift in a relatively short time span, creating a new consensus -- even as polarization on other measures intensifies.
Learn more about how the Gallup Poll Social Series works.
Results for this Gallup poll are based on telephone interviews conducted May 3-18, 2021, with a random sample of 1,016 adults, aged 18 and older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. For results based on the total sample of national adults, the margin of sampling error is Β±4 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. All reported margins of sampling error include computed design effects for weighting.
Each sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of 70% cellphone respondents and 30% landline respondents, with additional minimum quotas by time zone within region. Landline and cellular telephone numbers are selected using random-digit-dial methods.
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Gallup finds 5.6% of U.S. adults identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender, with the majority of them saying they are bisexual.
About one in 10 LGBT adults in the U.S. are married to a same-sex spouse, and a slightly smaller proportion have a same-sex domestic partner.
While Americans support transgender military service, a majority believe birth gender, rather than gender identity, should govern participation in sports.
A majority of Americans support the concept behind the Equality Act, a bill recently passed by the House that would ban LGBT discrimination.
June 8, 2021
Gallup https://news.gallup.com/poll/350486/record-high-support-same-sex-marriage.aspx
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Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World
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In Pew Research Center polling in 2004, Americans opposed same-sex marriage by a margin of 60% to 31%.
Support for same-sex marriage has steadily grown over the past 15 years. And today, support for same-sex marriage remains near its highest point since Pew Research Center began polling on this issue. Based on polling in 2019, a majority of Americans (61%) support same-sex marriage, while 31% oppose it.
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% of U.S. adults who favor/oppose same-sex marriage (2001-2019)
Three-quarters of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents (75%) and fewer than half of Republicans and Republican leaners (44%) favor same-sex marriage.
More independents who lean toward the Democratic Party (81%) favor gay marriage than Democrats (71%). Similarly, Republican leaners are more supportive (56%) than Republicans (37%).
Support for same-sex marriage now stands at 88% among self-described liberal Democrats and Democratic leaners and 64% among conservative and moderate Democrats. Fewer conservative Republicans and Republican leaners (36%) support same-sex marriage than moderate and liberal Republicans (59%).
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party identification (2001-2019)
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party (detailed, 2001-2019)
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party and ideology (2001-2019)
Among people who are religiously unaffiliated, a solid majority have supported same-sex marriage since 2004. Today, 79% of religious βnonesβ say same-sex couples should be allowed to marry.
About two-thirds of white mainline Protestants (66%) now support same-sex marriage, as do a similar share of Catholics (61%).
Support for same-sex marriage among white evangelical Protestants remains lower than it is among other religious groups. However, the share of white evangelical Protestants who support same-sex marriage has grown from 11% in 2004 to 29% today.
About four-in-ten of those who attend religious services at least once a week (39%) favor same-sex marriage, compared with 66% who attend once or twice a month or a few times a year, and three-quarters who say they seldom or never attend.
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by religion (2001-2019)
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by religious service attendance (2001-2019)
Support for same-sex marriage has remained largely stable among both men and women since 2017. Today, 66% of women and 57% of men support same-sex marriage.
Support for same-sex marriage also has remained steady among whites, blacks and Hispanics over the past two years. Today, 62% of whites support same-sex marriage, as do 58% of Hispanics and 51% of blacks.
The increase in the share of adults who favor same-sex marriage over the past 15 years is due in part to generational change. Younger generations express higher levels of support for same-sex marriage.
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by race/ethnicity (2001-2019)
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by generation (2001-2019)
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by gender (2001-2019)
About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .
Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World
Created with Highcharts 10.2.1 % of U.S. adults who favor/oppose same-sex marriage (2001-2019) Favor Oppose 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 0 20 40 60 80
Created with Highcharts 10.2.1 % of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party identification (2001-2019) Rep/Lean Rep Dem/Lean Dem 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 0 20 40 60 80
Created with Highcharts 10.2.1 % of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party (detailed, 2001-2019) Republican Lean Rep Lean Dem Democrat 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 0 25 50 75 100
Created with Highcharts 10.2.1 % of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party and ideology (2001-2019) Cons Rep/Ln Rep Mod-Lib Rep/Ln Rep Cons-Mod Dem/Ln Dem Lib Dem/Ln Dem 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 0 25 50 75 100
Majority of Public Favors Same-Sex Marriage, but Divisions Persist
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After years of generally steady increases, opinions about same-sex marriage are mostly unchanged since 2017. Today, a majority of Americans (61%) favor allowing gays and lesbians to marry legally, while about half as many (31%) oppose same-sex marriage.
While attitudes about same-sex marriage are changed little from two years ago, support has increased substantially over the past two decades. In 2004, opinion was almost the reverse of what it is today: 60% opposed same-sex marriage, while just 31% were in favor.
The Pew Research Center survey, conducted March 20-25 among 1,503 adults finds that Republicans and Democrats remain deeply divided over legal marriage for gays and lesbians β though support has increased significantly in both parties over the past 15 years.
Today, three-quarters of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents favor same-sex marriage, up from 43% 15 years ago. By contrast, fewer than half of Republicans and Republican leaners (44%) support same-sex marriage; in 2004, just 19% of Republicans supported it.
Support for same-sex marriage also has increased among nearly all demographic groups over the past 15 years, including across generations and by religious affiliation :
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% of U.S. adults who favor/oppose same-sex marriage (2001-2019)
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party identification (2001-2019)
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% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party (detailed, 2001-2019)
Copy and paste the below iframe code into your own website to embed this chart.
% of U.S. adults who favor same-sex marriage, by political party and ideology (2001-2019)
About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .
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