Nylon
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Alternate titles: nylon 6,6, polyhexamethylene adipamide
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Wallace Hume Carothers
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In October 1938, DuPont announced the invention of the first wholly synthetic fibre ever produced. Given the trade name Nylon (which has...
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nylon , any synthetic plastic material composed of polyamides of high molecular weight and usually, but not always, manufactured as a fibre . Nylons were developed in the 1930s by a research team headed by an American chemist, Wallace H. Carothers , working for E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company . The successful production of a useful fibre by chemical synthesis from compounds readily available from air, water, and coal or petroleum stimulated expansion of research on polymers , leading to a rapidly proliferating family of synthetics .
Nylon can be drawn, cast, or extruded through spinnerets from a melt or solution to form fibres, filaments, bristles, or sheets to be manufactured into yarn , fabric, and cordage; and it can be formed into molded products. It has high resistance to wear, heat, and chemicals.
When cold-drawn, it is tough, elastic, and strong. Most generally known in the form of fine and coarse filaments in such articles as hosiery, parachutes, and bristles, nylon is also used in the molding trade, particularly in injection molding, where its toughness and ability to flow around complicated inserts are prime advantages.
Polyamides may be made from a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine or from an amino acid that is able to undergo self-condensation, or its lactam, characterized by the functional group ―CONH― in a ring, such as ε -caprolactam. By varying the acid and the amine , it is possible to make products that are hard and tough or soft and rubbery. Whether made as filaments or as moldings, polyamides are characterized by a high degree of crystallinity, particularly those derived from primary amines. Under tension, orientation of molecules continues until the specimen is drawn to about four times its initial length, a property of particular importance in filaments.
Two of the ingredients that are used to synthesize the most common nylon, adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine, each contain six carbon atoms, and the product has been named nylon-6,6. When caprolactam is the starting material, nylon-6 is obtained, so named because it has six carbon atoms in the basic unit.
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Nylon - Structure, Properties, Uses
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July 12, 2020 at 9:26 am
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Nylon is the most useful synthetic material with applications varying from daily life activities to industries. It is a plastic which can be drawn into fibres or moulded into daily products for making amenities. We can live our entire life with nylon on our side. You hop across the nylon carpet to the kitchen, eat your breakfast on a nylon bowl after cleaning your teeth with a toothbrush whose bristles are made of nylon. A nylon umbrella over your head is used to move out of the house in heavy sunlight or to keep out of the rain.
The term nylon points towards a polymer family known as linear polyamides. There are two approaches to making nylon for fibre applications. In the first approach, the molecules that consist of an acidic group (COOH) on every end react with molecules that contain amino (NH 2 ) groups at each end. The resulting nylon gets a name based on the number of carbon atoms that separate two amines and two acidic groups. Hence, nylon 6,6 is widely used as fibres made from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine.
The salt which is formed by two compounds is known as nylon that has an exact ratio of 1:1 acid to base. This salt is dried and then heated under vacuum to remove water and form the polymer.
In the other approach, a compound that contains an amine at one end and acid at the other are polymerized to produce a chain with repeating units of (-NH-[CH 2 ]n-CO-)x. The nylon is referred to as nylon 6 if n = 5 which is another common form of this polymer. The commercial production of nylon 6 starts with caprolactam that use an open-ring polymerization .
In both the approaches, the polyamide is melt and drawn after cooling to obtain the desired properties of every intended use.
Nylon 6 – It was developed by Paul Schlack. It is formed by ring-opening polymerization.
Nylon 510 – It is obtained from sebacic and pentamethylene diamine acid.
Nylon 1,6 – It is produced from dinitriles with the help of acid catalysis.
Nylon 66 – Wallace Carothers patented nylon 66 with the use of amide.
To manufacture plastic machine parts because it is cost-effective and long-lasting.
It has high insulation and resistance to corrosion.
Appropriate monomers are combined to form a long chain through a process of the condensation polymerization reaction.
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Nylon is used for a variety of applications, including clothing, reinforcement in rubber material like car tires, for use as a rope or thread, and for many injection molded parts for vehicles and mechanical equipment. Click here to learn more about the uses and properties of Nylon .
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ny·lon
| \ ˈnī-ˌlän
\
1
: any of numerous strong tough elastic synthetic polyamide materials that are fashioned into fibers, filaments, bristles, or sheets and used especially in textiles and plastics
2
nylons plural
: stockings made of nylon
Choose uncoated nylon or silk dental floss or one that is coated in natural wax.
—
Sandee Lamotte, CNN , 28 July 2022
Most makeup bags are lined with water-resistant or waterproof materials such as clear plastic, nylon , or polyester.
—
Ava Darrin, ELLE , 26 July 2022
The outer layer is typically made with nylon or Lycra, just like your favorite moisture-wicking workout gear, and is finished with a liquid-repellent film for extra protection.
—
Sarah Madaus, SELF , 23 June 2022
For example, although a tweed jacket’s exterior is probably fine for hand-washing, its nylon or silk lining might not be.
—
Kevin Brasler, Washington Post , 17 May 2022
Moms who only take their diaper bags designer will find this tote can replace their hardy nylon or canvas bags.
—
Halie Lesavage, Harper's BAZAAR , 9 May 2022
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Merriam-Webster
ny·lon
| \ ˈnī-ˌlän
\
: a strong man-made material used in the making of fabrics and plastics
ny·lon
| \ ˈnī-ˌlän
\
: any of numerous strong tough elastic synthetic polyamide materials that are fashioned into fibers, filaments, bristles, or sheets
nylon sutures and prosthetic devices
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These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'nylon.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback .
1938, in the meaning defined at sense 1
“Nylon.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nylon. Accessed 1 Sep. 2022.
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On the other hand, Nylon 66 is manufactured and synthesized by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid.
It is widely recognized as an engineering thermoplastic and utilized as a lightweight replacement for metals.
High Moisture absorption ability and better short term heat resistance
Higher Modulus and better wear resistance
November 6, 2021 by Sagar Habib 2 Comments
Nylon is a linear thermoplastic, also known as Polyamide. It is a strong, high-performance, engineering plastic with excellent tensile strength, often seen as an alternative to silk, rubber, and latex. It is a commonly used thermoplastic material for various applications like clothing, rubber components like tires, ropes, threads, automobile parts, mechanical components, etc.
Polyamide or Nylon was first developed and tested in 1935 by an American chemist named Wallace Carothers. What Wallace produced was technically Nylon 66, which is still the most commonly used variant.
It is solid, abrasion, chemical, and moisture absorbent, elastic, and long-lasting. Nylon material is often used as an alternative to low-strength metals for its lightweight compared to metals, chemical suitability, good mechanical and barrier properties, and high-temperature resilience.
Additionally, nylon can easily be flame retarded which is quite rare to be found in thermoplastics.
Nylon is available in white, black, and off-white colors. There are multiple types of nylon in the more prominent polyamide family, and each one of them is utilized depending on the application and the budget restrictions.
It is also referred to by its chemical name – PA (e.g., PA6, PA66 )
“6” means that the material is conceived with a single monomer in combination with itself. In comparison, “66” shows that the material is developed from multiple monomers combined with itself ( also called comonomers ).
The amide chemical group present in all the nylon variants is responsible for moisture absorption. Moisture reduces nylons’ tensile modulus, increasing smack resistance and flexibility.
Moisture absorption is also a key to understanding dimensional variations. Knowing that will come in handy while designing parts.
The process is similar to other plastics; it starts with filtering hydrocarbon fuels into lighter groups called fractions.
A certain amount of fractions are removed and combined with other catalysts to produce plastics (typically via polymerization or polycondensation).
The original method for producing nylon falls under two different processes.
The first process includes blending a group of monomers amine (NH2) groups reacting with carboxylic acid (COOH).
In the second method, the same molecules will be used in the multiple of 2. That means a reaction of diamine ( 2 x NH2 groups) with dicarboxylic acid ( 2 x COOH groups).
Below are the typical properties of various grades of Nylon:
Like any other thermoplastic, some challenges are often faced while processing Nylon. Let’s discuss them in brief.
Nylon is one of the most hygroscopic materials, which means it quickly absorbs excess moisture, which can sometimes be a headache. Draining should be done promptly and adequately.
Poor drying can lead to excess gassing and other potential scrap generating defects.
Although, excess moisture is easily avoidable by cleaning the loader line and loader receptacle properly.
Nylon is a bit vulnerable to shrinkage problems during the molding process. Shinkage can cause reduced strength, discoloration, and warped edges in the final product.
Controlling the heat and molding temperature can reduce shrinkage significantly.
Excess gassing can have significant defects in nylon plastic. In addition,
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