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Nonthaburi police reportedly found ecstasy tablets, 41 Five Five tablets, 2. Besides drugs, officials also found two unregistered firearms -- a Remington shotgun and a. According to police, primary investigation revealed that the three male suspects aged years and one female suspect aged 38 years have records of being involved in drug dealing in the Nonthaburi area. One of the male suspects reportedly holds shares in several entertainment venues in the province and is famous for allegedly providing party drugs to hostesses of these businesses. All suspects were brought to Muang Nonthaburi Police Station for questioning while being charged with drug use and possession of unregistered firearms. In Focus. Four people were arrested at a condominium in Nonthaburi province on Friday night for allegedly holding a drug party. Preliminary urine tests on the four suspects came back positive for drug use on the three men. Over 70 missing, seven bodies recovered after boat sinks in Myanmar. Vietnam President Luong Cuong has been sworn in. Privacy Policy.

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Nonthaburi where can I buy cocaine

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Contributors: AB proposed the idea for and designed the study, designed the questionnaire, oversaw data collection, and drafted the manuscript. KP-S proposed the idea for and designed the study, analysed and interpreted the data, and drafted and revised the manuscript. GJPvanG contributed to the idea for the study, interpretation of the data, and the writing and critical revisions of the paper. JSM contributed to administrative and material support, interpretation of data, and revisions of the manuscript. JE conducted analyses and contributed to the writing and revisions of the paper. JC and SC participated in acquisition and analysis of the data, translation of questionnaires and protocols, administrative and technical support, and revisions of the paper. RS participated in acquisition of the data and administrative and technical support. AM contributed to the idea for and design of the study, design of the questionnaire, interpretation of data, and the writing and critical revisions of the paper. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. KPS is the guarantor. To identify risks for HIV infection related to incarceration among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. Case-control study of sexual and parenteral exposures occurring before, during, and after the most recent incarceration. Non-prison based injecting drug users formerly incarcerated for at least six months in the previous five years, with documented HIV serostatus since their most recent release; HIV positive cases and HIV negative controls from methadone clinics. Injection of heroin and methamphetamine, sharing of needles, sexual behaviour, and tattooing before, during, and after incarceration. In the month before incarceration cases were more likely than controls to have injected methamphetamine and to have borrowed needles. Independent risk factors for prevalent HIV infection included injection of methamphetamine before detention adjusted odds ratio 3. Injecting drug users in Bangkok are at significantly increased risk of HIV infection through sharing needles with multiple partners while in holding cells before incarceration. The time spent in holding cells is an important opportunity to provide risk reduction counselling and intervention to reduce the incidence of HIV. Injecting drug users are at increased risk of HIV infection from sharing needles with multiple partners while in police holding cells before incarceration. Other risk factors include injecting methamphetamine before imprisonment, being tattooed while imprisoned, and sharing needles after release. Incarceration has been associated with prevalent and incident HIV infection among injecting drug users, 2 , 4 — 9 but little insight exists as to the timing of transmission. Associated risks include sharing needles and consensual and non-consensual sex. Formative work for this study revealed various relevant factors. Generally, in Bangkok, detainees are held at a police station for three to eight days before trial and sentencing. Many injecting drug users reported having acute withdrawal symptoms, borrowing needles, and injecting drugs with various unknown people during this holding period and that methods to clean injection equipment were not available. We investigated two hypotheses: that the risk of HIV infection is increased before detention because of high intensity risk behaviour; and that the risk of HIV infection is increased during the holding period, which is likely to coincide with acute opiate withdrawal and increased risk behaviour. To investigate these hypotheses and define more fully the incarceration related risk of HIV infection we examined risk factors occurring before arrest, during the holding period, during incarceration, and immediately after release. The institutional review board of the University of California in San Francisco and the ethical research committee of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration approved the study. From August to January we recruited injecting drug users from 17 methadone clinics of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. These clinics serve most injecting drug users who seek treatment. We used consecutive sampling in each clinic to recruit male injecting drug users who had been incarcerated for at least six months during the previous five years. We defined a case as an HIV positive injecting drug user with a medical record documenting a negative HIV test within the five years before the most recent incarceration and HIV positive serostatus since the most recent release. Controls were HIV negative injecting drug users with current documentation. Initial contact occurred in the participating clinics, which advertised the study on posters in public areas. We approached potential participants privately, gave them detailed information about the study if they were interested and eligible, and obtained informed consent. We recruited and interviewed cases and controls. We translated protocols and questionnaires from English to Thai, and independent reviewers verified their content. During structured interviews, we asked participants about demographic characteristics and about injecting and sexual risk behaviours before, during, and immediately after incarceration. Summary statistics included frequency tables for categorical variables and medians and interquartile ranges for continuous variables. We did bivariate analyses of associations with HIV status for demographic variables, injection drug use, and sexual risk variables. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of prevalent HIV infection. We considered variables for inclusion in multifactorial models if we found them to be significant in bivariate analyses or considered them to be potential confounders on the basis of biological or behavioural inference. We identified no significant interaction effects. The demographic characteristics of cases and controls were similar table 1. Cases had a higher median number of years of injected drug use than controls 9. We found no differences in length of latest prison stay, frequency of incarceration, or time since the most recent release from prison median 36 months. Selected sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and associations with HIV status in previously incarcerated male injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. Values are numbers percentages unless stated otherwise. Variables independently associated with prevalent HIV infection table 4 included exposures both in and out of prison: use of methamphetamine during the month before detention adjusted odds ratio 3. The population attributable fraction table 4 for being tattooed while in prison was the highest Injecting methamphetamine before incarceration had the lowest population attributable fraction 2. Independent associations with HIV-1 infection multifactorial analysis and associated population attributable fractions among male injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. To increase understanding of injecting drug users' risk of HIV infection in relation to periods of incarceration, we compared risk factors among HIV positive and HIV negative injecting drug users before, during, and after incarceration. We found that prevalent HIV infection was associated with risky injecting both before and after prison: injection of methamphetamine before detention, sharing of needles while in a holding cell before incarceration, and borrowing needles during the period after release from prison. Being tattooed was the only factor during incarceration that was associated with prevalent HIV infection. The high risk associated with injection of methamphetamine is important for several reasons. Use of methamphetamine is increasing rapidly throughout Thailand, 15 and it may become a more predominant hazard for HIV infection, as in other parts of the world. Sharing needles while in the police holding cell was an independent risk factor for prevalent HIV infection. Although previous studies have indicated that sharing injecting equipment while incarcerated is a key risk factor for HIV infection in Thailand, 3 the exact time of infection could not be determined in these studies. To our knowledge, our study is the first to pinpoint excess risk during the holding period before incarceration. This finding confirms our hypothesis that high risk exposures such as borrowing needles and injecting drugs with multiple partners in the holding cell are probably attempts to alleviate the severe symptoms of drug withdrawal. We found no differences in drug use by cases and controls during time in prison. Being tattooed, although common, was associated with being HIV positive. Tattooing has recently been shown to be associated with prevalent HIV infection among Thai fishermen. Whereas tattooing is not generally recognised as a risk factor for HIV, the possibility remains. Attributable fractions estimate the potential for preventive interventions by linking information about the prevalence of the exposure with an associated measure of excess risk. Although injecting methamphetamine presents a significant risk for HIV infection, the higher prevalence of sharing needles and tattooing result in larger population attributable fraction estimates. Thus prevention and control of HIV infection among injecting drug users in Bangkok must focus not only on reducing injection of methamphetamine but especially on parenteral exposures, both inside and outside prison. Limitations of the study include possible recall bias: participants were asked to recollect many events over a long period of time, which, in addition to the added influence of drugs, may have influenced the accuracy of their responses. Such a bias would result in an underestimation of the risk associations, as a result of underreporting of sensitive behaviours. Also, cases could have selectively recalled exposures related to their infection status and may have differentially reported risk, resulting in overestimation of excess risk. Lastly, despite restricting eligibility to people who had been HIV negative before their most recent incarceration, we have no accurate way of ascertaining when seroconversion occurred. The design of this study aimed to ensure that cases and controls came from the same reference population over a corresponding time period. Another strength was the high quality of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration medical records used to ascertain HIV status relative to incarceration. Participants in this study were comparable to other populations of injecting drug users studied in Bangkok. Despite increased risk of HIV and recommendations to make harm reduction measures accessible inside prison, 8 , 21 , 22 prevention activities, including clean needles, condoms, and methadone maintenance, are rare in prisons. Barriers to prison based HIV interventions can be overcome by developing collaborative prevention partnerships between public health and law enforcement. Both prisoners and people in close contact with them after their release will benefit from targeted comprehensive efforts to prevent HIV infection. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Find articles by Aumphornpun Buavirat. Find articles by Kimberly Page-Shafer. Find articles by G J P van Griensven. Find articles by J S Mandel. Find articles by J Evans. Find articles by J Chuaratanaphong. Find articles by S Chiamwongpat. Find articles by R Sacks. Find articles by A Moss. Aumphornpun Buavirat : psychologist. Kimberly Page-Shafer : assistant adjunct professor. G J P van Griensven : associate director for science. J S Mandel : research specialist. J Evans : statistician. J Chuaratanaphong : associate professor. S Chiamwongpat : deputy director. R Sacks : research analyst. A Moss : professor in residence. Accepted Nov 4. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Median interquartile range duration of most recent prison stay months. Used methamphetamine one month before detention injected v no use or not an intravenous drug user.

Nonthaburi where can I buy cocaine