Nato Secretary General
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Nato Secretary General
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See also: List of NATO Secretaries General
^ " Fogh bliver ny Nato - chef " ( in Danish ). Politiken . 2009 - 04 - 04 . http: // politiken . dk / politik / article684422 . ece . Retrieved 2009 - 04 - 04 .
^ " The North Atlantic Treaty " . http: // www . nato . int / docu / basictxt / treaty . htm .
^ Ismay , p . 24
^ Ismay , p . 28
^ " 15th - 18th May: London ". NATO Final Communiques 1949 - 1974 . NATO Information Service . p . 56 .
^ Ismay , p . 31
^ Ismay , p . 37
^ Ismay , p . 41
^ Ismay , p . 44
^ Ismay , p . 46
^ Ismay , p . 48
^ Daniel , Clifton ( March 13 , 1952 ). " Ismay Named Civilian Chief of Atlantic Pact Organization ". The New York Times .
^ Fedder , p . 10
^ Brosio , p . 39
^ " Spaak for Ismay ". The Washington Post . December 16 , 1956 .
^ " 11th - 14th December: Paris ". NATO Final Communiques 1949 - 1974 . NATO Information Service . p . 104 .
^ " Civilian Organisation and Structures: The Secretary General " . http: // www . nato . int / docu / handbook / 2001 / hb1003 . htm .
^ Kardas , Saban . " Ankara Debates Rasmussen ' s Candidacy for NATO Secretary - General " . The Jamestown Foundation . http: // www . jamestown . org / single /? no _ cache = 1 & tx _ ttnews % 5Btt _ news % 5D = 34763 & tx _ ttnews % 5BbackPid % 5D = 7 & cHash = 61bae24c58 .
^ " NATO Secretary General: How is he or she selected and for how long " . http: // www . nato . int / issues / secgen / selection . html .
Categories: Secretaries General of NATO
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The Secretary General of NATO is an international diplomat who serves as the chief official of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization . The Secretary General is responsible for coordinating the workings of the alliance , serves as the head of the North Atlantic Council , is the primary spokesperson of the alliance , and leads NATO ' s staff . The current Secretary General is Anders Fogh Rasmussen , [ 1 ] former prime minister of Denmark .
Under Article 9 of the North Atlantic Treaty , the members of NATO agreed to " establish a Council , on which each of them shall be represented ." [ 2 ] As a result of this article of the treaty , the NATO states established the North Atlantic Council . Initially , the Council was composed of the foreign ministers of the NATO members and was scheduled to meet only once annually , [ 3 ] but the members soon recognized the need for closer coordination on a day - to - day basis . To deal with this need , the NATO members agreed in May 1950 , to appoint " Council Deputies " who meet continuously in London , and oversee the workings of the alliance . The deputies were given full decision making power within the North Atlantic Council , but their work was supplemented by occasional gatherings of the NATO foreign ministers . [ 4 ] Under the resolution passed to authorize the deputies , the Chairman of the deputies was also assigned to take responsibility " for directing the organization and its work ," including all of its civilian agencies . [ 5 ]
The Council Deputies met for the first time on July 25 , 1950 , and selected Charles Spofford , the United States deputy , as their chairman . [ 6 ] Soon thereafter at a meeting of the Council in Brussels , several other important changes to the structure of NATO were undertaken , most notably the establishment of a unified military command under a single Supreme Allied Commander . [ 7 ] This unification and the growing challenges facing NATO led to rapid growth in the institutions of the organization . Thus , in 1951 , NATO was reorganized to streamline and centralize its bureaucracy . As part of the organization , the Council Deputies were given the status to fully represent their governments in all matters , including those related to defense and finance , rather than just foreign affairs , greatly increasing their power and importance . [ 8 ]
As the power of the Deputies increased , and the size of the organization grew , it became clear that a single leader was needed for NATO . To tackle the problem , NATO established the Temporary Council Committee , chaired by Averell Harriman . This group soon established an official secretariat of NATO in Paris to command its bureaucracy . [ 9 ] The committee also recommended that " the agencies of NATO needed to be strengthened and co - ordinate ", and emphasized the need for someone other than the Chairman of the North Atlantic Council to become the senior leader of the alliance . [ 10 ] In response to this recommendation , the North Atlantic Council agreed in its February 1952 Lisbon Conference to create a Secretary General to run all civilian agencies of the organization , control its civilian staff , and serve the North Atlantic Council . [ 11 ]
After the Lisbon Conference , the NATO states began looking for a person who could fill the role of Secretary General . The position was first offered to Oliver Franks , the British Ambassador to the United States , but he declined . Then , on March 12 , 1952 , the North Atlantic Council selected Hastings Ismay , a general from World War II , and Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations in the British cabinet as Secretary General . Unlike later Secretaries General who served as Chairman of the North Atlantic Council , Ismay was made the Vice Chairman of the Council , with Spofford continuing to serve as chairman . Ismay was selected because of his high rank in the war , and his role " at the side of Churchill ... in the highest Allied Councils ." As both a soldier and a diplomat , he was considered uniquely qualified for the position , and enjoyed the full support of all the NATO states . [ 12 ]
Several months later , after Spofford retired from the NATO , the structure of the North Atlantic Council was changed slightly . One member of the Council was selected annually as the President of the North Atlantic Council ( a largely ceremonial role ), and the Secretary General officially became the Deputy President of the Council , as well as the chair of its meetings . [ 13 ] Ismay served as Secretary General until retiring in May , 1957 . [ 14 ]
After Ismay , Paul - Henri Spaak , an international diplomat and former Prime Minister of Belgium was selected as the second Secretary General . Unlike Ismay , Spaak had no military experience , so his appointment represented a " deemphasis of the strictly military side of the Atlantic Alliance ." [ 15 ] When confirming Spaak ' s appointment in December 1956 during a session of the NATO foreign ministers , the North Atlantic Council also expanded the role of the Secretary General in the organization . Largely as a result of the Suez Crisis , which had strained intra - alliance relations , the Council issued a resolution to allow the Secretary General " to offer his good officers informally at any time to member governments involved in a dispute and with their consent to initiate or facilitate procedures of inquiry , mediation , conciliation , or arbitration ." [ 16 ]
The NATO Secretary General chairs several of the senior decision - making bodies of NATO . In addition to the North Atlantic Council , he chairs the Defence Planning Committee and the Nuclear Planning Committee , two of NATO ' s important military organizations . The Secretary General also leads the Euro - Atlantic Partnership Council , the Mediterranean Cooperation Group , and serves as Join Chairman of the Permanent Joint Council and the NATO - Ukraine Commission .
In a second role , the Secretary General leads the staff of NATO . He directs the International Staff of the organization , and the Office of the Secretary General . The Secretary General also directs his or her own Private Office . All of these bodies draw personnel from all members of NATO , so the Secretary General must carefully coordinate . [ 17 ] For assistance in his responsibilities , the Secretary General also has a deputy appointed by the organization .
There is no formal process for selecting the Secretary General . Instead , the members of NATO traditionally reach a consensus on who should serve next . This procedure often takes place through informal diplomatic channels , but it still can become contentious . For example , in 2009 , controversy arose over the choice of Anders Fogh Rasmussen as Secretary - General , due to opposition from Turkey . [ 18 ]
Because NATO ' s chief military officer the Supreme Allied Commander Europe is traditionally an American , the Secretary General has traditionally been a European . There is nothing to preclude a Canadian or American from becoming the Secretary General , but everyone to occupy the post to date has been European . [ 19 ]
1974 2nd NATO summit Brussels · 1975 3rd NATO summit Brussels · 1977 4th NATO summit London · 1978 5th NATO summit Washington , D . C .
1982 6th NATO summit Bonn · 1985 7th NATO summit Brussels · 1988 8th NATO summit Brussels · May 1989 9th NATO summit Brussels · Dec 1989 10th NATO summit Brussels
1990 11th NATO summit London · 1991 12th NATO summit Rome · 1994 13th NATO summit Brussels · 1997 14th NATO summit Paris · 1997 15th NATO summit Madrid · 1999 16th NATO summit Washington , D . C .
2010 24th NATO summit Lisbon · 2012 25th NATO summit Chicago
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