Most People Have Herpes
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Most People Have Herpes
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Genital Herpes – CDC Basic Fact Sheet
People who are sexually active can get genital herpes, a common sexually transmitted disease (STD). This fact sheet answers basic questions about genital herpes.
Genital Herpes - CDC Detailed Fact Sheet
Primary Prevention Methods (Condoms)
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Genital herpes is an STD caused by two types of viruses – herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2).
HSV-1 often causes oral herpes, which can result in cold sores or fever blisters on or around the mouth. However, most people with oral herpes do not have any symptoms. Most people with oral herpes get it during childhood or young adulthood from non-sexual contact with saliva.
Yes. Oral herpes caused by HSV-1 can spread from the mouth to the genitals through oral sex . This is why some cases of genital herpes are due to HSV-1.
Genital herpes is common in the United States. In 2018, CDC estimates show there were 572,000 new genital herpes infections in the United States among people aged 14 to 49. 1
You can get genital herpes by having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has the infection. You can get herpes if you have contact with:
You also can get genital herpes from a sex partner who does not have a visible sore or is unaware of their infection. It is also possible to get genital herpes if you receive oral sex from a partner with oral herpes.
You will not get herpes from toilet seats, bedding, or swimming pools. You also will not get it from touching objects, such as silverware, soap, or towels.
If you have more questions about herpes, consider discussing your concerns with a healthcare provider.
Most people with genital herpes have no symptoms or have very mild symptoms. Mild symptoms may go unnoticed or be mistaken for other skin conditions like a pimple or ingrown hair. Because of this, most people do not know they have a herpes infection.
Herpes sores usually appear as one or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum or mouth. This is known as having an “outbreak”. The blisters break and leave painful sores that may take a week or more to heal. Flu-like symptoms (e.g., fever, body aches, or swollen glands) also may occur during the first outbreak.
People who experience an initial outbreak of herpes can have repeated outbreaks, especially if they have HSV-2. However, repeat outbreaks are usually shorter and less severe than the first outbreak. Although genital herpes is a lifelong infection, the number of outbreaks may decrease over time.
Ask a healthcare provider to examine you if:
STD symptoms can include an unusual sore, a smelly genital discharge, burning when peeing, or bleeding between periods (if you have a menstrual cycle).
Your healthcare provider may diagnose genital herpes by simply looking at any sores that are present. Providers can also take a sample from the sore(s) and test it. If sores are not present, a blood test may be used to look for HSV antibodies.
Have an honest and open talk with your healthcare provider about herpes testing and other STDs.
Please note: A herpes blood test can help determine if you have herpes infection. It cannot tell you who gave you the infection or when you got the infection.
The only way to completely avoid STDs is to not have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
If you are sexually active, you can do the following things to lower your chances of getting genital herpes:
Be aware that not all herpes sores occur in areas that a condom can cover. Also, the skin can release the virus (shed) from areas that do not have a visible herpes sore. For these reasons, condoms may not fully protect you from getting herpes.
If your sex partner(s) has/have genital herpes, you can lower your risk of getting it if:
There is no cure for genital herpes. However, there are medicines that can prevent or shorten outbreaks. A daily anti-herpes medicine can make it less likely to pass the infection on to your sex partner(s).
Genital herpes can cause painful genital sores and can be severe in people with suppressed immune systems.
If you touch your sores or fluids from the sores, you may transfer herpes to another body part like your eyes. Do not touch the sores or fluids to avoid spreading herpes to another part of your body. If you do touch the sores or fluids, quickly wash your hands thoroughly to help avoid spreading the infection.
If you are pregnant, there can be problems for you and your unborn fetus, or newborn baby. See “ I’m pregnant. How could genital herpes affect my baby? ” for information about this.
If you are pregnant and have genital herpes, prenatal care visits are very important. Some research suggest that a genital herpes infection may lead to miscarriage or make it more likely to deliver your baby too early. You can pass herpes to your unborn child before birth, but it more commonly passes during delivery. This can lead to a deadly infection in your baby (called neonatal herpes). It is important that you avoid getting genital herpes during pregnancy. Tell your healthcare provider if you have ever had a genital herpes diagnosis or symptoms. Also tell them about any possible exposure to genital herpes.
If you have genital herpes, you may need to take anti-herpes medicine towards the end of your pregnancy. This medicine may reduce your risk of having signs or symptoms of genital herpes when you deliver. At the time of delivery, your healthcare provider should carefully examine you for herpes sores. If you have signs or symptoms of genital herpes at delivery, a ‘C-section’ is likely to occur.
If you have herpes, you should talk to your sex partner(s) about their risk. Using condoms may help lower this risk but it will not get rid of the risk completely. Having sores or other symptoms of herpes can increase your risk of spreading the disease. Even if you do not have any symptoms, you can still infect your sex partners.
You may have concerns about how genital herpes will impact your health, sex life, and relationships. While herpes is not curable, it is important to know that it is manageable with medicine. Daily suppressive therapy (i.e., daily use of antiviral medication) can lower your risk of spreading the virus to others. Talk to a healthcare provider about your concerns and treatment options.
A genital herpes diagnosis may affect how you will feel about current or future sexual relationships. Knowing how to talk to sexual partners about STDs is important.
Herpes infection can cause sores or breaks in the skin or lining of the mouth, vagina, and rectum. This provides a way for HIV to enter the body. Even without visible sores, herpes increases the number of immune cells in the lining of the genitals. HIV targets immune cells for entry into the body. Having both HIV and genital herpes increases the chance of spreading HIV to a HIV-negative partner during oral, vagina, or anal sex.
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In all of the United States adult population, over 50 percent is infected with oral herpes (usually known as fever blisters or cold sores) . Most individuals contract oral herpes at the time they were still kids by accepting a kiss from an infected relative or friend.
A study carried out by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that about 16 percent (that is, one in six) individuals within the age range of 14 and 49 have genital HSV-2 infection in the United States ; however, over 90 percent are not even aware that they are infected by this disease. People are not aware of the contraction of herpes for so many reasons (check the section on Signs and Symptoms to read more).
Any individual who is fully sexually active can be infected with genital herpes. According to a recent result of the nationally representative study, genital herpes infection is usual in the United States. Across the nation, 45 million individuals whose ages are 12 and older than 12, or even one out of five of the entire adolescent as well as the adult population, have contracted HSV-2.
The HSV-2 infection is more usual and found in women (around one out of four women) than can be found in men (just one out of five). This may be as a result of male to female transmission is more effective than the process of female to male transmission. The HSV-2 infection is also more usual in blacks (45 percent) than in whites (17.6 percent). Additionally, the United States is a country common with race and ethnicity, which result into risk markers that connect with other more essential determinants of wellbeing, like healthcare seeking behavior, poverty, living in communities with large prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), illicit drug use, and access to quality health care facility.
From the late 1970s till date, the number of genital herpes infection among Americans (that is, prevalence) has expanded to 30 percent. The prevalence of this infection is expanding most dramatically among white teens that are still young; the prevalence of HSV-2 among whites within the age range of 12 and 19 years old is presently five times higher than it used to be about 20 years ago. Furthermore, young adults within the age range of 20 and 20 are presently twice as prone to have HSV-2.
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© Copyright 2016 Herpes Alliance: Herpes Information & Resource Center
HerpesAlliance does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. See our Disclaimer .
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If you are a human being living on planet Earth, chances are you have herpes.
So says the World Health Organization, which released its first estimation of the global incidence of herpes simplex virus type 1 on Wednesday. According to the report, two-thirds of the world’s under-50 population—more than 3.7 billion people—are infected with HSV-1, the incurable virus most known for the oral cold sores it causes.
Most people with HSV-1 catch it through mouth-to-mouth contact during childhood, but the WHO has found this transmission method to be less and less common in wealthier countries with better hygienic conditions. This should be great news, but the upshot is nothing to cheer about: When someone doesn’t contract the virus by mouth, she’s more likely to get it from receiving oral sex later in life, leading to an HSV-1 genital infection. (Usually, genital herpes is caused by a different type of herpes, HSV-2, which the WHO says affects 417 million people aged 17 to 49 worldwide.)
The nihilist’s takeaway is that herpes is everywhere and there’s very little anyone can do to prevent it or control its spread, short of avoiding oral and sexual contact entirely. HSV-1 is so inexorably communicable that researchers have accurately tracked the history of global human migration by the spread of the virus. Like most sexually transmitted infections, all herpes infections can be spread even when no symptoms are present, and the contagious area isn’t limited to what’s covered by a condom. Among unmarried women between the ages of 45 and 50, 50 to 70 percent have HSV-2. According to the American Sexual Health Association, more people in the U.S. have genital herpes than all other STIs combined.*
But HSV-2 transmission has far-reaching public health implications that would make a laissez-faire herpes strategy an act of extreme negligence. A person with HSV-2 is at higher risk of contracting and transmitting HIV, and HSV-1 can cause other complications like encephalitis and meningitis. The WHO is encouraging medical researchers to put more resources toward developing a herpes vaccine; trials funded by the National Institutes of Health and GlaxoSmithKline are currently studying the comparative benefits of a preventive versus remedial vaccine.
Wednesday’s report called for more education on both types of herpes viruses for young people, before they become sexually active. Still, it’s not clear what they’re supposed to do once they’re schooled. Some doctors have even recommended against widespread testing for herpes, since so many people have it and there’s not much they can do to keep themselves from spreading it. Without an accessible vaccine, we’re all stuck with the knowledge that we probably have herpes, but we’re in good—or, at least, crowded—company.
*Correction, Oct. 29, 2015: This post originally misidentified the American Sexual Health Association as the American Social Health Association. It changed its name in 2012.
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