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Need to Sell? Click here to place a classified ad. Take the Times Leader survey and be entered to win cash prizes! Watch OnTheStacks podcast! New episode every Wednesday. Eric Scott Malia, 34, was the first man in Luzerne County to be charged with the count after a change in state law allowed prosecutors to charge drug dealers in the overdose deaths of their alleged buyers. Malia was charged in April , along with Joan Rosengrant, after they allegedly sold fentanyl-laced heroin to Michael Gumaer, Gumaer later died of an overdose. Sklarosky Jr. He appeared once again before Sklarosky on Monday, this time to be sentenced on the charge. Sklarosky sentenced Malia to spend between six and 16 years in state prison. Sklarosky also sentenced Malia to spend between 12 and 24 months in prison on a charge of conspiracy to sell drugs, but Malia will serve this sentence at the same time as the longer one. Rosengrant passed away in the Luzerne County Correctional Facility in July in what was described as the combined effects of prescription drugs and an unspecified medical condition. Malia was remanded to the Luzerne County Correctional Facility while he waits to find out which state prison he will be sent to. Monday, October 21, View E-Edition. Log In. My Account. Best of Photo Gallery! Home News Local Malia sentenced to years in prison for delivering deadly drugs. Tired of ads? Subscribers enjoy a distraction-free reading experience. Click here to subscribe today or Login. By Patrick Kernan pkernan www. Exclusive Subscriber-Only Content. Subscribe Jobs Classifieds.

‘Below Deck Med’ Cast Reacts to Malia White Reporting Hannah Ferrier for Stashing Drugs

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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. JLS conceived of the study, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript; KA, SO, and ARB helped write, edit, and revise the final version of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and approved of the final version of the manuscript. Syvertsen , mamagifto yahoo. Agot , spaoha yahoo. Ohaga , abazzi bu. Globally, women who use drugs often practice sex work and experience multiple health and social harms that complicate their drug treatment needs. In East Africa, understanding the emergence of heroin use among women is critical in efforts to build effective drug treatment programming, including the ongoing scale-up of medication-assisted treatment MAT. We explored heroin use among women engaged in sex work in Kenya to inform services. In a qualitative study of 45 female sex workers reporting substance use in Kisumu, Kenya, 32 reported lifetime heroin use and comprise the focus of this analysis. Semi-structured interviews explored histories of substance use and sex work and health programming needs. Thematic analysis focused on the contexts and meanings of heroin use. Among 32 women, median age was 28 range: 18— Women commonly smoked cocktails containing heroin while using alcohol and other drugs prior to sex work. Sex work reinforced drug use in ways that both managed and created new risks. Drug treatment programs for sex workers should address the situated logics of substance use in contexts of sexual risk, including patterns of poly-substance use that may render MAT inappropriate for some women who use heroin. Globally, female sex workers experience disproportionate health and social harms including HIV, sexually transmitted infections STIs , viral hepatitis, reproductive health concerns, stigma, and violence Beyrer et al. Sex workers often use alcohol and drugs for social, coping, and job-related reasons, exacerbating their vulnerabilities Dixon et al. Heavy alcohol use, commonplace in sex work venues, may increase sexual risk, violence victimization, and HIV transmission Chersich et al. Emerging patterns of drug use across the continent may also intensify the HIV epidemic and produce new risks for women Needle et al. Heroin markets are rapidly developing across East Africa, where women who use heroin commonly engage in sex work and unsafe injection practices Beckerleg and Hundt, ; McCurdy et al. In Kenya, the treatment needs of women who use heroin use remains understudied. In Kisumu, western Kenya, sex work and alcohol use are already widespread within a developing heroin market. Our prior research on the emergence of injection drug use documented overlapping sexual and drug-related risk behaviors, including sex work and poly-substance use; women in our study had four times higher odds of prevalent HIV infection than men Syvertsen et al. Ensuring program success will require monitoring patterns of heroin use and identifying service needs among vulnerable populations, including women. Our ongoing fieldwork in Kisumu has highlighted the need to understand not only injection practices but the drivers and contexts of injection and non-injection heroin use in relation to a largely sexually-driven HIV epidemic where general prevalence already reaches Qualitative methods are well-suited to explore emergent phenomena, as an iterative approach allows researchers to explore emic insider perspectives and probe for details about unanticipated findings. From August—December , we conducted qualitative interviews with 45 female sex workers. We purposively selected participants for variation in age and alcohol versus drug use to capture diverse experiences. Eligible participants provided written consent for protocols approved by the Ohio State University and Maseno University in Kenya. Semi-structured interviews explored early life experiences, social relationships, sex work, alcohol and drug use, and health service needs. Questions about drug use were deliberately broad e. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated by trilingual staff. We conducted interviews until we reached saturation, or repeatedly heard similar information across interviews and determined that further data collection would not generate significant new insights Guest et al. To analyze data, we developed deductive codes including categories drawn directly from interview guides and inductive codes topics that emerged during interviews. First, the research team read through selected interviews and independently generated possible codes Ryan and Bernard, We then discussed and refined these codes and constructed a draft codebook for an initial round of coding. After finalizing the codebook, one analyst coded all transcripts, and the PI checked code application for consistency. Our thematic analysis represents an iterative, interpretive process focusing on the meaning of experiences and behaviors within broader contexts Guest et al. The lead author read through text broadly content-coded for drug use for a general understanding and identified 32 women who reported lifetime injecting or smoking powder that we interpret to be heroin as explained below. Strong associations between sex work and poly-drug and alcohol use were evident across interviews; an additional reading identified linkages between practices and rationales specifically associated with heroin use in this context. To capture the full diversity of experiences in our sample, we also parsed out the negative cases who discontinued using heroin or never used heroin directly before sex work Bernard, Key themes are described below and illustrated using representative quotes and pseudonyms to protect confidentiality. Among the 32 women who reported lifetime heroin use, the median age was 28 range: 18— All women initiated sex work due to financial hardship, family deaths, caretaking responsibilities, and otherwise limited options; alcohol often first facilitated sex work, and other drug use followed. Reflective of a newly emerging drug market, women had different names for the drugs they used and often interchanged the English words heroin and cocaine or used slang such as unga powder or flour in Swahili and stuff , all of which we interpret to be heroin based on regional drug trafficking patterns, drug descriptions, and consultation with various experts unpublished fieldnotes. Women were often first exposed to heroin when traveling to Nairobi and the coast for sex work or other economic pursuits and continued using in Kisumu as local markets developed. My fellow sex workers. I realized that the smell was different from…marijuana. I asked a friend of mine who later told me that it is called unga. I asked more about it and was told that it is more powerful. Instead of spending a lot of money on alcohol, you can buy it and take two or three puffs and feel high afterwards. You can then buy a bottle of beer and still remain high. The first time that I tried it, I could not recognize myself. I got used to it slowly. Most women were introduced to heroin via smoking. However, of the 23 women who ever injected heroin, seven injected it the first time but never used it again. For some women like Anne, 30, injecting was too intense and frightening. She told me it is ok. We went to a place and she injected me, and after the injection, I forgot about everything and the thing that I felt was very dangerous…very awful. It was more awful than the thing that I was feeling before I was injected. I felt like I was dying, I was going to heaven. I became so confused. This thing was pulling me up and making me fall down at the same time… it took me so many hours to become sober. For Anne, the intensity was too much and she returned to using alcohol and bhang instead, which she knew how to manage. Others injected just once while traveling to coastal Kenya and Tanzania, including Kayla, 18, who was once injected by someone while out at a bar. She wanted to try it, even though she did not know what it was. Based on their experience, the majority continued using heroin, as examined below. All women in our sample had already practiced sex work and used alcohol when they began using heroin. The majority continued using alcohol and regularly smoked cocktails containing bhang , tobacco, and heroin. Women reported using heroin for anywhere from a few months to several years; more recent use was common among those who initiated in Kisumu. The introduction of heroin to Kisumu represented a novel means to intensify intoxicative experiences; when heroin was unavailable or women did not have funds, less expensive options alcohol and other drugs filled the gap. Women reported that heroin intensified the effects of alcohol, enabling them to drink less in public. Women made important distinctions between injecting versus smoking, explaining that injecting once does not necessitate continuing on that path. Because heroin affected individuals differently, women like Elizabeth, 22, believed that individuals had to learn to navigate their preferred modes of use:. This injection is like sniffing glue. There is that instance whereby you will just want to fight people. It will make you to talk and talk a lot. It therefore depends on the person using it. In contrast, women preferred smoking because it was perceived as more manageable. Jamila, 28, was introduced to heroin via smoking. Only six women in our sample currently injected: Kim, 19, was the youngest and had only been injecting for three months, while others have injected for years. When you use drugs, you just ignore the feeling. Women also used heroin prior to sex work for its perceived physical and social protective powers. Also, when you take the drugs, you get to have determination and you do not feel pain during sex. If you do sex with this man, you will not feel pain and if you do it again with another man, you still will not feel pain. But if you are equally tough you can reach an agreement easily because you are not just sober, there is a substance controlling you. Right now there are things that I cannot say but when I smoke it I become aggressive and I can exchange words with a rude person. I also get ready for fights in case someone is ready for one. Women balanced these perceived benefits with other social risks. Women did not want children, family members, or clients to know about their drug use and thus developed strategies to hide their use, such as injecting in hidden places on their bodies and using privately with other sex workers or at home prior to going out:. This would make some men reject you. So you have to smoke early then you can chew gum when with him. You may use it and may not even know if you are talking to a policeman or what kind of person … So when you go out, just be decent. Drugs are used in the morning in our own privacy. When you put that in the open it can bring you problems. A small number of women did not use heroin prior to sex work because they perceived it to be stronger than other drugs and alcohol. I will therefore work for money before coming back home to smoke these things…It is all about relaxing. It is just like someone taking beer. That is how someone like me gets to chill. Importantly, avoiding heroin use before sex work did not imply that women worked while sober. Instead, alcohol combined with other drugs helped women engage in sex work while managing their level of intoxication. She had a bad experience in the past, and some of her fellow sex workers took her home one night after a client complained that he could not have sex with her. Now she only uses hard drugs at home:. Some people will even have sex with you without a condom because it makes you very high. Globally, sex workers experience overlapping health and social harms and forms of exclusion that contribute to substance use Scorgie et al. Findings can guide health programming in Kisumu but have applicability for sex workers in other emerging drug markets and contexts of sociopolitical marginalization. In Kisumu, sex work and drug use should be understood as a microcosm of the rapid social transformations amidst lagging inequalities that mark many African economies in transition. Women remain especially marginalized and continue to face economic and social constraints linked to poverty, limited education, and domestic expectations Yotebieng et al. Other women used alcohol and other drugs during work for similar encouragement but preferred to use heroin to relax after the stress of sex work. Our findings have practical implications for drug treatment and health programming. From a prevention standpoint, factual educational campaigns on drugs are warranted, as women often experimented with heroin with limited information about its potentially devastating effects. Women subsequently adopted practices of injecting or smoking cocktails based on information from their networks and personal experiences. In contrast to literature linking pleasure with transitions from smoking to injecting Guise et al. In contrast, most women preferred to smoke heroin and continued using alcohol and other drugs, suggesting that treatment strategies beyond MAT addressing poly-drug and alcohol use may be more appropriate for some women. Given that women often work to support dependents, family-centered treatment approaches should be part of building resilience Bazzi et al. As a broader goal, structural initiatives are needed to transform the educational, economic, and social factors that drive sex work and make substance use an attractive option for women in the first place Shannon et al. Our study has limitations. As a counterpoint, all self-reported data are biased, and future studies could include biological or chemical tests to validate drug use data. The MAT clinic had also not yet opened when we interviewed women, so they lacked direct experience with those services. Understanding interlinked patterns of heroin and other drug use in contexts of sex work is critical to informing appropriate responses. Gender transformative programming should move beyond paradoxical autonomy to create true opportunities for women to overcome drug use. Paul Career Development Professorship. We would like to thank Sophie Otticha and Grace Rota for their invaluable assistance with the project and everyone at Impact Research and Development Organization for their support for this research. Finally, special thanks to all of the participants, without whom this study would not have been possible. Asante sana and erokamano. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Drug Alcohol Depend. Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. Find articles by Jennifer L Syvertsen. Box , Kisumu, Kenya. Find articles by Kawango Agot. Find articles by Spala Ohaga. Find articles by Angela Robertson Bazzi. Contributors JLS conceived of the study, collected and analyzed the data, and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript; KA, SO, and ARB helped write, edit, and revise the final version of the manuscript. Issue date Jan 1. PMC Copyright notice. The publisher's version of this article is available at Drug Alcohol Depend. Conflict of interest No conflict declared. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

Malia buy Heroin