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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4. There is a lack of research on the composition of destination attributes of memorable tourism experiences MTEs and their impact on tourist loyalty in Chinese rural tourism. Through the judgment sampling method, this study distributed questionnaires to the subjects who met the sampling standard in all provincial administrative regions in China. Finally, valid questionnaires from 29 provincial administrative regions were obtained and the proposed hypotheses were verified using a structural equation model. The results show that gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle are all destination attributes of MTEs in Chinese rural tourism, and all have a positive impact on positive arousal. In addition, they are positively correlated with recommend intention and revisit intention through the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory. This study explored the impact mechanism of destination attributes of MTEs on tourist destination loyalty in the field of Chinese rural tourism to enrich findings pertaining to the study of MTEs in different contexts. Four destination attributes of MTEs were proposed and verified, and this study also confirmed that destination attributes of MTEs vary with respect to the research context. The new destination attribute of MTEs was discovered. The research results showed that managers can deliver MTEs to tourists through optimizing gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle, thus generating positive arousal, deepening their memory and then gaining their loyalty. In addition, the extended SOR theory proved that it could effectively and comprehensively explain the influencing mechanism of MTEs on tourist loyalty. Keywords: destination attributes, memorable tourism experiences, positive arousal, memory, behavioral intention, rural tourism. The experience economy is a stage of economic development that advocates providing consumers with more personal memorable experiences. For enterprises, providing better experiences to consumers is the key to gaining competitive advantage and staying ahead in the future. MTEs are a multidimensional construct, currently, there is no unified consensus on the composition of the dimensions of MTEs in academia, because they may change as the research context changes, 6 which also makes researchers interested in the composition of MTEs dimensions in different contexts. Such as gastronomic tourism in Iran, 7 zoo and museum tourism in Finland, 8 forest tourism in Taiwan, 9 and island tourism in Santorini and Greece. By May , only 8 articles were retrieved, and the first one was published in Rural tourism refers to a range of tourism activities in rural areas and is characterized by rural experiences, culture, landscape and craft consumption that on farms or in rural communities. In the current research on MTEs, there are few studies specifically based on the background of Chinese rural tourism, but it deserves more attention. Presently, the beautiful leisure village model, which combines rural leisure tourism with construction of rural ecology, is a development model in Chinese rural areas, and by the year , a total of Chinese villages were selected as beautiful leisure villages according to the list released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. In addition, China also has a huge consumer group of rural tourism. For managers and relevant practitioners of rural tourism destinations, gaining the loyalty of tourists to rural tourism destinations is crucial to the long-term prosperity of a tourist destination. Through review of the existing research in this field, the following research gaps were identified:. First, rural tourism plays an important role in the development of rural communities and in enriching the travel choices of the tourists. China has abundant resources in rural tourism destinations and a large number of tourists. Hence, in order to cope with the fierce competition in the tourism industry, it is necessary to study how to deliver MTEs to tourists to gain tourist loyalty. However, few relevant studies have been conducted in the Chinese rural tourism context. Second, there are few studies on which destination attributes belong to the destination attributes of MTEs in the context of Chinese rural tourism. Fourth, although some researchers have applied the SOR theory to study the impact of MTEs on tourist loyalty, it should be noted that SOR theory is constantly developing. Therefore, whether the extended SOR theory can better explain the influencing mechanism of MTEs on tourist loyalty needs to be studied through empirical research. Based on the extended SOR theory, which has not been fully applied in the current research on the relationship between MTEs and behavioral intention, this study focuses on the destination attribute dimensions of MTEs in Chinese rural tourism, and proposes four destination attributes, namely, gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle, to explore their impacts on tourist loyalty-behavioral intention including recommend intention and revisit intention under the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory. At the same time, it also verifies whether the four destination attributes proposed in this study are the destination attributes of MTEs in the setting background. The contributions of this study are as follows:. First, this study focuses on Chinese rural tourism, an area that has limited exploration, which enriches the study of MTEs in context of different kinds of tourism. Second, four destination attributes of MTEs belong to Chinese rural tourism are proposed and verified, these four destination attributes are a validation of the generality of some existing research findings, as well as a supplement to omissions. At the same time, it verifies that with the change in the research background, the destination attributes of MTEs may also change. Third, the results show that MTEs have a positive impact on recommend intention and revisit intention through the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory. This not only provides evidence that MTEs are the antecedents of tourist loyalty, but also illustrates how MTEs impact tourist loyalty. This study constructs a complete mechanism as to how MTEs influence tourist loyalty. Fourth, the study proves that as compared to the original SOR theory, the extended SOR theory, specifically, O organism is expanded from emotional responses in the initial model to affective reaction and cognitive reaction in the existing model, can more comprehensively explain the influencing mechanism of MTEs on tourist destination loyalty. Fifth, this study provides insights for rural tourism destination managers on how to deliver MTEs to tourists. This study has the following parts: the theoretical background and hypothesis development section discusses the theoretical basis of this study and puts forward relevant hypotheses. The research methods section shows the research process of this study. The results section is a test of the research hypotheses. The discussion and conclusion section mainly includes the summary and discussion of the results, the theoretical contributions and managerial implications of the study, the limitations of the research, and future research directions. SOR theory was used as the basis of this study. In order to study the influence of material environment on individual emotions and behaviors, Mehrabian and Russell proposed the SOR theory based on environmental psychology, namely, stimulus-organism-response theory, which is refined based on stimulus-response theory, S stimulus mainly refers to various environmental factors, such as visual, auditory, taste or the overall atmosphere outside of the person, O organism refers to the internal structure or process that intervenes between the external stimulus and the final action or response, and in this initial model, it mainly refers to the emotional responses, R response refers to the behavioral response of individuals, which mainly includes two types: approach behavior and avoidance behavior, approach behavior is characterized by staying, exploring the environment or communicating with people in the environment, while avoidance behavior is the opposite. SOR theory is constantly being enriched. Mehrabian and Russell only focused on affective responses in the O organism part of the original model. This study specifically refers to gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle, which belong to S stimulus in SOR theory. This study specifically includes recommend intention and revisit intention, both of which belong to intentional approach behaviors, namely, R response. Searching for MTEs in a specific setting is the driving factor for rural tourism. Although current studies have not formed a unified understanding of the dimensions of MTEs, they can be generally divided into two types of dimensions: personal psychological factors and destination attributes. Kim found that the studies of the dimension composition of MTEs from the perspective of personal psychological factors failed to clearly explain the roles of MTEs from the perspective of practice, and the research on the dimensions of MTEs from the perspective of destination attributes can improve the understanding of how the destination environment enables tourists to obtain MTEs, in this way, tourism destination managers can design the environment according to the special advantages and attractions of the destination to improve their ability to deliver MTEs to tourists. Sahin and Guzel proposed some new destination attributes of MTEs for Antalya and Istanbul on the basis of this study which include novelty, gastronomy, value for money and affection. Consistent with the research by Kim, 44 this study takes the perspective of destination attributes to explore the dimension composition of MTEs in Chinese rural tourism. Although the study of Kim 44 is widely cited, there are some limitations: First, due to the limitation of the data sample, the generality of the research results needs to be further verified, second, the number of destination attributes included in the study is limited, and new destination attributes can be added according to the specific situation of the destination. Four destination attributes - gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle were selected to discuss whether they belong to the destination attributes of MTEs in the setting background. This discussion not only took into account both categories of destination attributes, but it also included other specific considerations. Gastronomy is an important part of the tourism experiences. Goss-Turner found that accommodation, as tourism infrastructure, is an important part of the tourism experiences, typically accounting for approximately one-third of total tourism spending. Kim proved that physiography is one of the destination attributes of MTEs based on the research data of Taiwan university students. Rural physiography only exists in the rural geographic space. The parts of physiography that can be included in rural tourism are natural resources that can best represent rural authenticity after careful selection by rural tourism managers. In Chinese rural tourism, whether physiography is one of the destination attributes of MTEs needs to be further studied. Rural lifestyle is a destination attribute factor in rural tourism. In the study of Oh et al, arousal is defined as the intensity of the physiological response to a stimulus on the continuum from calm to excitement, which is considered an emotion after tourism experiences. In the current research, few studies have explored the relationship between the destination attributes of MTEs and positive arousal. With further research, some researchers have found that using positive arousal as a mediating variable between the destination attributes of MTEs and memory is helpful to better explain the effect of the destination attributes of MTEs on memory. Memory means remembering some certain events. Memory plays an important role in future tourism decisions, 81 and Kim et al emphasize the necessity to bring memory into the tourism experiences study. Tourism and gastronomy are seen as hedonic products. When consumers engage in hedonic consumption related to the positive emotions of the consumption experience, they will experience the emotional response of arousal. To sum up, this study puts forward the following hypothesis:. H1: In Chinese rural tourism, the gastronomy experienced in rural tourism destinations is positively associated with positive arousal. Research of Kim shows that infrastructure is the destination attribute of MTEs, 44 while accommodation is included in the category of the infrastructure of tourism destinations. Since arousal is a psychological state when tourists are stimulated or activated, it is an emotion that takes place after tourism experiences. The better rural tourists evaluate the rural accommodation experienced, the stronger the positive arousal generated. H2: In Chinese rural tourism, accommodation experienced in rural tourism destinations is positively associated with positive arousal. Physiography includes natural landscapes, natural areas, flora and fauna. Moreover, the more positive the evaluation of rural physiography experienced through viewing, touching and listening, the stronger the positive arousal will be. H3: In Chinese rural tourism, the physiography experienced in rural tourism destinations is positively associated with positive arousal. The rural lifestyle is the rural landscape represented by authentic lifestyles and folk customs, which is also a unique rural form of tranquility. Symbols, signs and handicrafts with rural folk customs are the manifestation of the collective culture of rural society, which is unique to rural tourists and belongs to the social symbolic landscape. The tranquility of the rural form allows tourists to escape the daily hustle and bustle of the city and is an expression of the restorative landscape. Zhang and Xu showed that both social symbolic and restorative landscapes have positive effects on emotional arousal. Therefore, this study speculates that the higher the recognition of the social symbolic and restorative landscape of the rural tourism destination, that is, the more positive the evaluation of the rural lifestyle, the stronger the positive arousal of the tourists. H4: In Chinese rural tourism, the rural lifestyle experienced in rural tourism destinations is positively associated with positive arousal. Since arousal is an emotion, 36 positive arousal is a positive emotion. The emotional aspects of past experiences help people remember those experiences better. Therefore, the hypotheses adopted are as follows:. Previous studies show that positive arousal, memory and post experience behavior are the outcome variables of experience dimensions. Loureiro found that in the context of rural tourism, positive arousal will impact memory positively. Stronger positive arousal brings the deeper memory of rural tourists. Memory is an important information source for making future behavioral decisions. H8: In Chinese rural tourism, the destination attributes of MTEs gastronomy, accommodation, physiography, and rural lifestyle have a positive impact on recommend intention through the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory. H9: In Chinese rural tourism, the destination attributes of MTEs gastronomy, accommodation, physiography, and rural lifestyle have a positive impact on revisit intention through the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory. To sum up, this study proposes the research model shown in Figure 1 according to the extended SOR theory. Judgment sampling is a non-probability sampling technique, which requires the researcher to select the sample on the basis of certain appropriate characteristics, and if the researcher has some knowledge of the appropriate characteristics required of the sample members and needs to satisfy some specific purpose, the method of judgment sampling can be used. The time range is limited in order to meet the general requirements for data collection in this research field, which will be explained in the next paragraph. However, this study intends to obtain the data of Chinese mainstream rural tourist groups. The research of Zhou et al was referred to ascertain the characteristics of the mainstream groups of rural tourism in China. Since this study focused on the stage after the end of tourism, the time interval range between the end of rural tourism and the implementation of the survey must be considered. Based on the relevant literature in this research field, researchers usually took tourists who have had tourism experiences within 2 years, 35 , 38 , 3 years 43 or 5 years 39 , 44 , , from the survey implementation point as the survey objects. Therefore, this study specifically limited the tourism time range of the respondents from to May , which is in line with a time range requirement of the existing research data collection on MTEs. The questionnaire was designed and distributed on Credamo, a smart research platform. The data collected on the platform was approved by the international authoritative journals: the articles of Gai and Puntoni and Su et al were published in the Journal of Consumer Research and Annals of Tourism Research, respectively. In this study, only the participants registered with the real name system in Credamo were selected as the respondents. According to the standards set for judgment sampling, and also to reflect the situation of rural tourism in China as much as possible, the questionnaire was distributed in all provincial administrative units in China, and the occupations of the participants were limited to the six types of occupations as per the standards of judgment sampling, so as to achieve accurate delivery of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed with selection question. At the same time, the nationality, the specific date for rural tourism, the times of rural tourism, and the location of rural tourism destinations If the participants had more than one time rural tourism experiences during this period, they were asked about the location of the destination where they had the most memorable rural tourism experiences were considered to check whether the participants were suitable for filling in the questionnaire. Eligible participants could fill the online questionnaire via smart phones, tablets and computers, and received cash rewards after completing it. In this study, valid questionnaires were finally obtained. The sample size is The scales selected are all derived from mature scales. Since the original language of the scales selected was English and the respondents were Chinese tourists, it was necessary to translate and back-translate the scales to reduce the problem of inequality caused by cultural differences. After completing the translation and back translation, the questionnaires were submitted to experts in tourism research for review, and the contents of the questionnaire were further amended according to the opinions of experts. Gastronomy was measured by the three items used in the research of Sahin and Guzel. SPSSAU has powerful data analysis functions, including more than data analysis methods such as reliability analysis, validity analysis and SEM analysis. The data analysis procedure was as follows: First, the data were tested for normality and common method variance CMV. Second, a structural equation model SEM was used to verify the model. According to the two-step modeling approach recommended by McDonald and Ho, the reliability and validity of the measurement model were evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis. The structural model and path effects were then evaluated by SEM analysis. In addition, the bootstrap method was used to test the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory, to verify the hypotheses proposed in this study. As shown in Table 1 , males accounted for Ninety percent of tourists were between the ages of 21 and Office workers In addition, The respondents came from 29 provincial administrative regions in China. The rural tourism destinations were distributed in 28 provincial administrative regions in China, with Zhejiang, Guangdong and Shanxi as the top three. First, it was found through analysis that the absolute value of the kurtosis coefficient of all items in this study was between 0. The measurement model in this study belongs to the reflective measurement model. For reflective measurement model, composite reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity are usually used to evaluate it. Factor loading, composite reliability and Average Variance Extracted AVE are commonly used to evaluate the convergent validity. According to Fornell and Larcker, good discriminant validity is indicated if the AVE square root values of all constructs are over the absolute values of the correlation coefficients between this construct and other constructs. In addition, the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations HTMT was used to determine the discriminant validity. In general, the HTMT value less than 0. To summarize, the measurement model applied in this study passed the discriminant validity test. Note : The bold numbers on the diagonal represent the square roots of AVE, the numbers below the diagonal represent the correlation estimates, and the numbers above the diagonal represent heterotrait-monotrait ratios. According to the research of Hair et al, collinearity should be fully considered when analyzing the structural model, and variance inflation factor VIF is usually used for judgment. Moreover, the coefficient of determination values R 2 was adopted to reflect the in-sample predictions of the structural model. The value of R 2 lay between 0 and 1, with higher values being better. In order to test the proposed hypotheses, the path coefficients need to be analyzed. Table 4 shows the path coefficients of the model. Abbreviations : Unstd, unstandardized coefficients; Std, standardized coefficients; S. In this study, the bootstrap method was applied to examine the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory. Table 5 is obtained. With Chinese rural tourism as the background, the judgment sampling method was employed and an online questionnaire survey was conducted on Chinese tourists who had experienced rural tourism in China from to May The study explored the destination attributes of MTEs and its effect on tourist loyalty. Based on the extended SOR theory, this study proposed a model to explore the mechanism of the impact of the destination attributes of MTEs on tourist loyalty. The results show that the four destination attributes experienced by Chinese tourists in Chinese rural tourism destinations, namely gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle, all have a positive impact on positive arousal, and so is the relationship between positive arousal and memory. Moreover, memory has positive impacts on recommend intention and revisit intention, furthermore, the destination attributes of gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle all have a positive impact on recommend intention and revisit intention through the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory. It also shows that the destination attributes of gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle are the destination attributes of MTEs in the context of this study. Rural gastronomy is representative of the rural characteristics, 55 it provides an important way for tourists to understand the rural tourism destinations. Chinese rural gastronomy emphasizes local materials and highlights local characteristics, both in cooking methods and raw materials. Rural accommodation, as a carrier of rural culture, enables close contact of the tourists with the culture of the rural tourism destinations, and the closer the connection with the local culture, the more likely it is to form MTEs. The definition of rural tourism refers to the consumption of rural landscapes which is a part of a series of activities, 11 and physiography is the carrier of rural landscapes. The vastness of the Chinese land allows for diverse physiography between villages, enriching the memory of the tourists with regard to their experiences. The rural lifestyle proposed in this study includes the authenticity and folk customs of the countryside as well as a unique rural form of tranquility. The four destination attributes discussed above play significant roles in Chinese rural tourism, which are the reasons why they can become the destination attributes of MTEs in the context of this study. The four destination attributes of MTEs that were verified in this study are both different and related to those mentioned in the previous studies. In previous tourism studies which explored Istanbul and Antalya, gastronomy was identified as a destination attribute of MTEs. Accommodation is a part of the infrastructure, which is a destination attribute of MTEs as per the study of Kim. Whether physiography is a destination attribute of MTEs has been controversial in the previous studies, which is supported by the findings of Kim 44 and contradicted by the findings of Sahin and Guzel. As compared to the previous studies, this destination attribute supplements the existing research. The study of Sahin and Guzel is one of the few existing studies that have confirmed the impact of destination attributes of MTEs on behavioral intention through the chain mediating effect of positive arousal and memory. However, the study of Hosseini et al indicates that MTEs may vary in different research contexts. At the same time, this study proved that the two destination attributes of MTEs, namely accommodation and rural lifestyle, can also have a positive impact on recommend intention and revisit intention through the same chain mediating effect, which has rarely been explored in previous studies. This study has the following theoretical contributions: First, throughout the existing research on the relationship between MTEs and tourist loyalty, most of them start from the dimension of personal psychological factors of MTEs. Different from the existing research, this study starts with the destination attribute dimensions of MTEs and takes Chinese rural tourism as the background, which is a supplement to the existing research. Second, this study did not directly and completely copy the widely cited research results of Kim. This study shows that gastronomy, accommodation, physiography, and rural lifestyle experienced in Chinese rural tourism destinations lead to positive arousal and thus have a positive impact on memory. According to the definition of MTEs proposed by Kim et al, 39 it can be verified that the four destination attributes proposed in this study are the destination attributes of MTEs in the Chinese rural tourism destinations. In addition, Kensinger have explored that people are more tend to memorize experiences that contain emotional arousal, 70 which could also prove the four dimensions that lead to positive arousal in our study are the destination attributes of MTEs. This is also in line with the research of Zare that MTEs under specific tourism types should have new dimensions. Therefore, when it comes to some distinctive tourism types, the destination attributes of MTEs that are exclusive to this tourism type can be explored on the basis of previous research. Third, the gastronomy dimension is neglected in the study of Kim, 44 but this study, consistent with the study of Sahin and Guzel, 46 confirms that gastronomy should be included in the destination attributes of MTEs. This study shows that although the research results that have been widely cited have not covered the entire destination attributes of MTEs, new destination attributes of MTEs should be identified in different research contexts to supplement the existing research results. Fourth, this study proves that destination attributes that provide supportive experiences can be the destination attributes of MTEs. This study confirms Sthapit et al that accommodation experience as a supportive experience cannot be ignored in research regarding tourism experiences. Fifth, in contrast to the research results of Sahin and Guzel, 46 but similar to the research results of Kim, 44 physiography is confirmed as one of the destination attributes of MTEs in the context of this study. This also confirms the findings of Hosseini et al that in different research contexts, the dimensions that constitute MTEs may change. Sixth, rural lifestyle is rarely mentioned in existing studies. In addition to confirming that it belongs to one of the destination attributes of MTEs, this study also verifies the view of Reisinger et al that Eastern and Western tourists are different in evaluating destination attributes. Comparing with the existing research of Chen et al, 35 which proved that the SOR theory is appropriate to explain the influencing mechanism of MTEs on behavioral intention. This study not only uses the SOR theory but is also one of the few studies that apply the extended SOR theory, which takes the affective reaction of positive arousal and the cognitive reaction of memory as chain mediators in the study of the impact of MTEs on behavioral intention. The results show that a chain mediating effect exists. On the other hand, it also proves the rationality of the extended SOR theory in the research on the impact of MTEs on behavioral intention. This study provides suggestions for future research, which can introduce more factors belonging to affective reaction and cognitive reaction for an O organism , so as to explore the psychological activities of tourists in-depth. Finally, satisfaction is often considered an antecedent of tourist loyalty, 85 but another study shows that satisfaction itself cannot make tourists loyal to the destination. The results of this study have managerial implications for how rural tourism destination managers and industry practitioners operate rural tourism. Although this study is based on rural tourism in China, the destination attributes of MTEs found in this study, such as gastronomy and physiography, are also destination attributes of MTEs in other tourism types, which show that the results of this study can be generalized to other extent. In terms of the overall guiding idea of management, managers and industry practitioners need to establish the idea of experiential marketing to improve the experience of tourists in rural tourism destinations. Rural tourism destination managers and industry practitioners should mobilize the positive emotions of tourists to deepen their positive memories of the countryside. A breakthrough can be made in the way of contact with tourists and the design of tourism projects. The design of tourism projects should fully rely on the advantages and characteristic destination attributes of rural areas, and take the positive emotions, such as pleasure and happiness, generated by tourists after experiencing the project as the guiding principle. Combined with this study, design of tourism projects can take into consideration these four aspects:. First, based on ensuring the authenticity of rural gastronomy, rural tourism destinations should actively promote ecological gastronomy, cooking techniques, rural recipes, and diversified development of gastronomy types. Rural tourism destinations can also obtain feedback from tourists through timely communication, and use this as a reference for the improvement and adjustment of gastronomy. Second, while maintaining the localized characteristics of rural accommodation, operators should differentiate their accommodation styles so that tourists can obtain a variety of accommodation experiences in the same rural tourism destination. Tourists with specialized knowledge and backgrounds are encouraged to participate in the design of rural accommodation to strengthen the connection between them. Managers should actively take advantage of the word-of-mouth effect among the tourists. They should not only set up self-media channels to communicate with the tourists, but also encourage the tourists involved in accommodation design to spread their designed works through various modes of self-media. The standard accommodation quality management system should be introduced, and the skills and service awareness training of accommodation staff should be emphasized to improve the accommodation experiences of tourists. Third, protecting rural physiography, and carrying out the idea of ecologically sustainable development in the development of rural physiography plays an important role in rural tourism destination management. Rural tourism destinations should hire physiography development professionals to make comprehensive plans for the development of rural physiography. Fourth, the unique folk cultures should be explored and protected in the countryside. To organize, record and preserve them in a standardized manner, rural folk cultures should be included in the design of rural tourism projects. For example, by holding rural folk culture festivals with different themes, displays of rural folk culture can be realized. According to the feedback of tourists in each themed activity, rural folk culture can be selectively integrated into the design of tourism projects. Rural tourism destinations should establish a folk culture inheritance and training system and standardize the training of folk culture inheritors. Balancing the relationship between commercialization and rural tranquility that emerges during the development of rural tourism destinations could eliminate the damage to rural tranquility caused by commercialization. In summary, combined with the results of this study, it can be seen that the optimization of the four destination attributes of rural tourism destinations, namely gastronomy, accommodation, physiography and rural lifestyle, will help the tourists in forming MTEs and gain tourist loyalty. However, in reality, each village has different advantageous destination attributes. Therefore, for the optimal arrangement with respect to the above mentioned four destination attributes, it requires the manager to fully consider the existing situation and give priority to the development of destination attributes with a good basis. If the existing basis of these four destination attributes is not much different, considering the limitation of human resources and financial resources, based on the results of this study, the four destination attributes have a descending influence on tourist loyalty: gastronomy, physiography, rural lifestyle and accommodation. Managers can arrange the optimization of rural tourism destination attributes in this order. The limitations of this study are as follows: First, this study only focuses on four destination attributes of MTEs, and the destination attributes are limited. Second, the results of this study are only for Chinese tourists who have had experiences in rural tourism in China, and the generality of the results needs to be further verified. Third, this study does not consider the issue of demographic differentiation of MTEs of tourists within the same context. Future research can be expanded in the following aspects. First, more destination attributes in the same context should be further studied. Second, existing research results can be applied to new research backgrounds to verify generality. Third, future research could assess the model with a larger sample of tourists from different countries with different characteristics. Fourth, scholars may consider the longitudinal approach to investigate how memories impact behavior. Last but not least, future research should investigate constructs that may moderate the impact of the destination attributes of MTEs on tourism outcomes. This study is guided by the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments or similar ethical standards. All of the participants are anonymous and volunteered to participate in the study and their information will be kept strictly confidential. In the revised manuscript all participants provided informed consent. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Psychol Res Behav Manag. Find articles by Rui Huang. Find articles by Hui-Mei Bu. Received Aug 26; Accepted Nov 28; Collection date Open in a new tab. Demographic Frequency Percent Gender Male X Y Unstd. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. GAS1: The rural destination offers good opportunities to experience local food. GAS2: The rural destination offers good opportunities to try rural cuisines. GAS3: The rural destination offers availability of different gastronomic experiences. ACC3: Standards of accommodation of the rural destination can meet requirement. RECI1: I would recommend this rural destination to my relatives, friends and colleagues. RECI3: I would encourage my relatives, friends and colleagues to visit this rural destination. REVI2: I will always consider this rural destination to be my first destination choice.

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Lijiang buying Ecstasy

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Lijiang buying Ecstasy