James Baldwin Height
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James Baldwin Height
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This article is about the American writer. For other people with the same name, see James Baldwin (disambiguation) .
This section needs expansion . You can help by adding to it . ( January 2022 )
— David Adams Leeming , James Baldwin: A Biography [176]
^ In his early writing, Baldwin said his father left the South because he reviled the crude vaudeville culture in New Orleans and found it difficult to express his inner strivings. But Baldwin later said his father departed because "lynching had become a national sport." [13]
^ Baldwin learned that he was not his father's biological son when he overheard a comment to that effect during one of his parents' conversations late in 1940. [22] He tearfully recounted this fact to Emile Capouya , with whom he went to school. [22]
^ It is in describing his father's searing hatred of white people that comes one of Baldwin's most noted quotes: "Hatred, which could destroy so much, never failed to destroy the man who hated and this was an immutable law." [25]
^ It was from Bill Miller, her sister Henrietta, and Miller's husband Evan Winfield, that the young Baldwin started to suspect that "white people did not act as they did because they were white, but for some other reason." [38] Miller's openness did not have a similar effect on Baldwin's father. [39] Emma Baldwin was pleased with Miller's interest in her son, but David agreed only reluctantly—daring not to refuse the invitation of a white woman, in Baldwin's later estimation, a subservience that Baldwin came to despise. [40]
^ As Baldwin's biographer and friend David Leeming tells it: "Like Henry James , the writer he most admired, [Baldwin] would have given up almost anything for sustained success as a playwright." [41] Indeed, the last writing he did before his death was on a play called The Welcome Table . [41]
^ Baldwin's biographers give different years for his entry into Frederick Douglass Junior High School. One gives 1935, the other 1936. [44]
^ In the summer that followed his graduation from Douglass Junior High, Baldwin experienced what he called his "violation": the 13-year-old Baldwin was running an errand for his mother when a tall man in his mid-30s lured Baldwin onto the second floor of a store where the man touched Baldwin sexually. Frightened by a noise, the man gave Baldwin money and disappeared. Baldwin ran home and threw the money out his bathroom window. [49] Baldwin named this his first confrontation with his homosexuality, an experience he said both scared and aroused him. [49]
^ Eugene Worth's story would give form to the character Rufus in Another Country . [69]
^ Happersberger gave form to Giovanni in Baldwin's 1956 novel Giovanni's Room .
^ When Baldwin later reflected on "Everybody's Protest Novel" in a 1984 interview for The Paris Review he said the essay was a "discharge" of the "be kind to niggers, be kind to Jews"-type book that he reviewed constantly in his Paris era: "I was convinced then—and I still am—that those sort of books do nothing but bolster up an image. [...] [I]t seemed to me that if I took the role of a victim then I was simply reassuring the defenders of the status quo; as long as I was a victim they could pity me and add a few more pennies to my home relief check." [102]
^ This is particularly true of "A Question of Identity". Indeed, Baldwin reread The Ambassadors around the same time he was writing "A Question of Identity" and the two works share some thematic congeniality. [131]
^ Also around this time, Delaney had become obsessed with a portrait of Baldwin he painted that disappeared. In fact, Baldwin managed to leave the portrait in Owen Dodson's home when Baldwin was working with Dodson on the Washington, D.C. premiere of Another Country . Biographer David Leeming described the missing painting as a " clause célèbre " among friends of Dodson, Delaney, and Baldwin. When Baldwin and Dodson had a falling-out some years later, hopes of retrieving the painting were dashed. The painting eventually reappeared in Dodson's effects after his death. [142]
^ "All-Time 100 Novels" . Time . October 16, 2005. Archived from the original on October 21, 2005.
^ " About the Author ". Take This Hammer ( American Masters ). US: Channel Thirteen-PBS . November 29, 2006. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
^ Gounardoo, Jean-François; Rodgers, Joseph J. (1992). The Racial Problem in the Works of Richard Wright and James Baldwin . Greenwood Press. pp. 158, 148–200.
^ Peck, Raoul , Rémi Grellety, and Hébert Peck , nominees. " I Am Not Your Negro | 2016 Documentary (Feature) Nominee ". The Oscars . 2017. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017.
^ I Am Not Your Negro (2016) at IMDb .
^ Variety Staff (February 24, 2019). "Oscar Winners 2019: The Complete List" . Variety . Retrieved January 11, 2022 .
^ MonkEL (August 19, 2011). "James Baldwin: The Writer and the Witness" . npg.si.edu . Retrieved January 11, 2022 .
^ Foundation, Poetry (January 10, 2022). "James Baldwin" . Poetry Foundation . Retrieved January 11, 2022 .
^ Natividad|, Ivan (June 19, 2020). "The time James Baldwin told UC Berkeley that Black lives matter" . Berkeley News . Retrieved January 11, 2022 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Campbell 2021 , p. 3.
^ Tubbs 2021 , pp. 243–244.
^ Tubbs 2021 , p. 122.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Campbell 2021 , p. 4.
^ Tubbs 2021 , p. 248.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 20.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 .
^ Campbell 2021 , pp. 5–6.
^ Jump up to: a b Campbell 2021 , p. 6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Campbell 2021 , p. 5.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 19; Leeming 1994 , p. 23
^ sfn 1994 . sfn error: no target: CITEREFsfn1994 ( help )
^ Jump up to: a b Campbell 2021 , p. 41.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 18.
^ Jump up to: a b Campbell 2021 , p. 8.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 52.
^ Tubbs 2021 , pp. 351–356.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 7.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 19, 51.
^ Tubbs 2021 , pp. 457–458.
^ Kenan 1994 , pp. 27–28.
^ Tubbs 2021 , pp. 512–514.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Campbell 2021 , p. 14.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 14; Leeming 1994 , pp. 23–24
^ Tubbs 2021 , p. 357.
^ Tubbs 2021 , pp. 519–520.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Leeming 1994 , p. 24.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 25.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 27.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 16.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 16; Campbell 2021 , p. 8
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 28.
^ Tubbs 2021 , pp. 358–359.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 26.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 32; Campbell 2021 , p. 14
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 32.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 33.
^ Campbell 2021 , pp. 14–15.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 32–33.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 34.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 37.
^ Campbell 2021 , pp. 15–20.
^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell 2021 , p. 25.
^ Kenan 1994 , pp. 34–37.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 37–38; Campbell 2021 , p. 10
^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell 2021 , p. 10.
^ Jump up to: a b Kenan 1994 , p. 41.
^ Tubbs 2021 , p. 522.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leeming 1994 , p. 49.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 48–49.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 50.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 51.
^ Tubbs 2021 , pp. 523–524.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 52–53.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 53.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 43.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 48.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 53–54.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 55.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Leeming 1994 , p. 56.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 58.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 58-59.
^ Campbell 2021 , pp. 23, 31.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 32.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 59.
^ Campbell 2021 , pp. 32–34.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leeming 1994 , p. 60.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 60–61.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 61.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 44.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 62.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 63.
^ Baldwin, James. 1985. "The Discovery of What it Means to be an American." Ch. 18 in The Price of the Ticket: Collected Nonfiction, 1948–1985 . New York: St. Martin's Press . p. 171.
^ Baldwin, James, "Fifth Avenue, Uptown" in The Price of the Ticket: Collected Nonfiction, 1948–1985 (New York: St. Martin's/Marek, 1985), 206.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 47.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , pp. 63–64.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 64.
^ Kenan , p. 57. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKenan ( help )
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 51; Leeming 1994 , p. 89
^ Jump up to: a b Campbell 2021 , p. 54.
^ Zero: A Review of Literature and Art . New York: Arno Press . 1974. ISBN 978-0-405-01753-7 .
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 86–89; Campbell 2021 , p. 52
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 66.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 51.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 54; Leeming 1994 , pp. 66–67, 75–76
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 82.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 82–83.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 70.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Leeming 1994 , p. 72.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 74.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 76–77.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , pp. 77–80.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 73.
^ Campbell 2021 , pp. 65–70.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 80.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 85.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 86.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 100.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 99–100.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 101-103.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 113.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 112–120.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 124.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 124–125.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 125.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 126.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 87.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 88.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 89.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Leeming 1994 , p. 92.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 91.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 64, 92.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 91–92.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 93.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Leeming 1994 , p. 94.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 105.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 105–106.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 106.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leeming 1994 , p. 107.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 108.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 107–108.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 109.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 121.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 124; Campbell 2021 , p. 109
^ Campbell 2021 , pp. 108–109.
^ Jump up to: a b Campbell 2021 , p. 109.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 133.
^ Campbell 2021 , p. 108.
^ Jump up to: a b Leeming 1994 , p. 134.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 121–122.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Leeming 1994 , p. 123.
^ Baldwin, James (July 7, 1956). "The Crusade of Indignation" . The Nation . ISSN 0027-8378 . Retrieved January 5, 2022 .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Leeming 1994 , p. 138.
^ " James Baldwin ." MSN Encarta . Microsoft . 2009. Archived from the original on October 31, 2009.
^ Zaborowska, Magdalena (2008). James Baldwin's Turkish Decade: Erotics of Exile . Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4144-4 .
^ "Freelance | TLS" . March 4, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 . Retrieved March 27, 2018 .
^ Roullier, Alain. 1998. Le Gardien des âmes [ The Guardian of Souls ], p. 534.
^ Davis, Miles . 1989. Miles, the Autobiography , edited by Q.Troupe . Simon & Schuster .
^ Baldwin, James. November 19, 1970. " An Open Letter to My Sister, Angela Y. Davis ." via History is a Weapon .
^ Baldwin, James (January 7, 1971). "An Open Letter to My Sister, Miss Angela Davis" . New York Review of Books . ISSN 0028-7504 . Retrieved August 25, 2020 .
^ Postlethwaite, Justin (December 19, 2017). "Exploring Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Where James Baldwin Took Refuge in Provence" . France Today . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ Williams, Thomas Chatterton (October 28, 2015). "Breaking Into James Baldwin's House" . The New Yorker . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ "Chez Baldwin" . National Museum of African American History and Culture . July 29, 2019 . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ Zaborowska, Magdalena J. (2018). " "You have to get where you are before you can see where you've been": Searching for Black Queer Domesticity at Chez Baldwin" . James Baldwin Review . 4 : 72–91. doi : 10.7227/JBR.4.6 – via ResearchGate.
^ "France must save James Baldwin's house" . Le Monde.fr (in French). March 11, 2016 . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ "Une militante squatte la maison Baldwin à Saint-Paul pour empêcher sa démolition" . Nice-Matin (in French). June 30, 2016 . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ "I Squatted James Baldwin's House in Order to Save It" . Literary Hub . July 14, 2016 . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ "Saint-Paul : 10 millions pour réhabiliter la maison Baldwin" . Nice-Matin (in French). October 22, 2016 . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ "Gros travaux sur l'ex-maison de l'écrivain James Baldwin à Saint-Paul-de-Vence" . Nice-Matin (in French). November 20, 2014 . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ "La mairie a bloqué le chantier de l'ex-maison Baldwin: les concepteurs des "Jardins des Arts" s'expliquent" . Nice-Matin (in French). September 6, 2018 . Retrieved August 31, 2020 .
^ Baldwin, James (April 12, 1947). "Maxim Gorki as Artist" . The Nation . Retrieved August 20, 2016 .
^ Jump up to: a b vanden Heuvel, Katrina , ed. (1990). The Nation: 1865-1990 . New York: Thunder's Mouth Press . p. 261 . ISBN 978-1560250012 .
^ Field, Douglas (2005). "Passing as a Cold War novel: anxiety and assimilation in James Baldwin's Giovanni's Room". In Field, Douglas (ed.). American Cold War Culture . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 88–106.
^ Jump up to: a b Balfour, Lawrie (2001). The Evidence of Things Not Said: James Baldwin and the Promise of American Democracy . Cornell University Press. p. 51 . ISBN 978-0-8014-8698-2 .
^ Miller, D. Quentin (2003). "James Baldwin". In Parini, Jay (ed.). American Writers Retrospective Supplement II . Scribner's. pp. 1–17 . ISBN 978-0684312491 .
^ Goodman, Paul (June 24, 1962). "Not Enough of a World to Grow In (review of Another Country )" . The New York Times .
^ Binn, Sheldon (January 31, 1963). "Review of The Fire Next Time " . The New York Times .
^ Jump up to: a b c d Palmer, Colin A. "Baldwin, James", Encyclopedia of African American Culture and History , 2nd edn, 2005. Print.
^ Page, Clarence (December 16, 1987). "James Baldwin: Bearing Witness To The Truth" . Chicago News Tribune .
^ Altman, Elias (May 2, 2011). "Watered Whiskey: James Baldwin's Uncollected Writings" . The Nation .
^ Cleaver, Eldridge , "Notes On a Native Son", Ramparts , June 1966, pp. 51–57.
^ Vogel, Joseph (2018). James Baldwin and the 1980s: Witnessing the Reagan Era . Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252041747 .
^ Miller, Quentin D., ed. (2019). James Baldwin in Context . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 76–89. ISBN 9781108636025 .
^ Field, Douglas, ed. (2009). A Historical Guide to James Baldwin . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0195366549 .
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 91, 128.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leeming 1994 , p. 128.
^ Leeming 1994 , pp. 128–129.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Polsgrove, Carol (2001). Divided minds : intellectuals and the civil rights movement (1st ed.). New York: Norton. ISBN 9780393020137 .
^ "National Press Club Luncheon Speakers, James Baldwin, December 10, 1986" . National Press Club via Library of Congress . Retrieved October 27, 2016 .
^ Standley, Fred L., and Louis H. Pratt (eds), Conversations with James Baldwin , p. 131. September 1972, Walker: "Most newly independent countries in the world are moving in a socialist direction. Do you think socialism will ever come to the U.S.A.?
Baldwin: I would think so. I don't see any other way for it to go. But then you have to be very careful what you mean by socialism. When I use the word I'm not thinking about Lenin for example ... Bobby Seale talks about a Yankee Doodle-type socialism ... So that a socialism achieved in America, if and when we do ... will be a socialism very unlike the Chinese socialism or the Cuban socialism.
Walker: What unique form do you envision socialism in the U.S.A. taking?
Baldwin: I don't know, but the price of any real socialism here is the eradication of what we call the race problem ... Racism is crucial to the system to keep Black[s] and whites at a division so both were and are a source of cheap labor."
^ "The Negro's Push for Equality (cover title); Races: Freedom—Now (page title)" . The Nation. TIME . Vol. 81, no. 20. May 17, 1963. pp. 23–27. [American] history, as Baldwin sees it, is an unending story of man's inhumanity to man, of the white's refusal to see the Black simply as another human being, of the white man's delusions and the Negro's demoralization.
^ Leeming 1994 , p. 141.
^ "Why James Baldwin's FBI File Was 1,884 Pages" . Publishers Weekly . Retrieved January 18, 2016 .
^ "A Brando timeline" . Chicago Sun-Times . July 3, 2004 . Retrieved November 30, 2010 .
^ Leighton, Jared E. (May 2013), Freedom Indivisible: Gays and Lesbians in the African American Civil Rights Movement , Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History., University of Nebraska , retrieved July 21, 2021
^ Williams, Lena (June 28, 1993). "Blacks Rejecting Gay Rights As a Battle Equal to Theirs" . The New York Times .
^ Baldwin FBI File, 1225, 104; Reider, Word of the Lord Is upon Me, 92.
^ Anderson, Gary L., and Kathryn G. Herr. "Baldwin, James (1924–1987)." Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice . ed. 2007. Print.
^ Mumford, Kevin (2014). Not Straight, Not White: Black Gay Men from the March on Washington to the AIDS Crisis . University of North Carolina Press. p. 25. ISBN 9781469628073 .
^ Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities. "James Baldwin" . Robert Penn Warren's Who Speaks for the Negro? Archive . Retrieved October 29, 2014 .
^ "Lecture at UC Berkeley" . YouTube . Archived from the original on October 29, 2021.
^ "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest", January 30, 1968, New York Post .
^ Michelle M. Wright, "'Alas, Poor Richard!': Transatlantic Baldwin, The Politics of Forgetting, and the Project of Modernity", Dwight A. McBride (ed.), James Baldwin Now , New York University Press, 1999, p. 208.
^ "Baldwin Reflections" . The New York Times .
^ Baldwin, James; Buckley, William
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