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If you smoke, you’re twice as likely to suffer a stroke. Continuing to smoke after experiencing a stroke increases your risk of another stroke.
A stroke can happen in two ways – either there is a blood clot or plaque that blocks a blood vessel or a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures. 
Smoking doubles your risk of stroke:
For further information about smoking and stroke, download the Smoking and Stroke fact sheet .
Continuing to smoke after a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) more than doubles your risk of having another stroke (compared to a stroke survivor who has never smoked). You're also more likely to die from a stroke. Download the Benefits of stopping smoking pamphlet for people who have experienced stroke or TIA for more information.
Stopping smoking significantly reduces your risk of having a stroke. If you've experienced a stroke or TIA, stopping smoking reduces your risk of having another stroke. Studies have shown the risk of stroke in ex-smokers becomes similar to people who have never smoked after five to ten years.
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Medicine (Baltimore)



v.98(12); 2019 Mar



PMC6708836






Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Mar; 98(12): e14872.
Published online 2019 Mar 22. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014872
Biqi Pan , BS, a Xiao Jin , PhD, b Liu Jun , MD, c Shaohong Qiu , MD, a Qiuping Zheng , BS, a and Mingwo Pan , PhD a, ∗
Monitoring Editor: Leonardo Roever.
a Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangDong Women and Children Hospital
b Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
c Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, China.
∗ Correspondence: Mingwo Pan, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangDong Women and Children Hospital, China (e-mail: moc.621@5021qbp ).
Received 2018 Oct 14; Revised 2019 Feb 20; Accepted 2019 Feb 21.
Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Keywords: meta-analysis, smoking, stroke
The study was a case–control, cross-sectional, cohort or nested case–control design.
The study analyzed the relationship between smoking and stroke, and stroke was one of the endpoints of the results.
The relative risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the relationship between smoking and stroke were provided in the publication.
The overall risk of stroke (all types), as well as the risk of IS or HS, were reported as the outcomes of interest.
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Heart disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American heart association . Circulation
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Stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality in women worldwide . Int J Stroke
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Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012 . JAMA
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Smoking and smokeless tobacco use in nine South and Southeast Asian countries: prevalence estimates and social determinants from Demographic and Health Surveys . Popul Health Metr
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Low nicotine content descriptors reduce perceived health risks and positive cigarette ratings in participants using very low nicotine content cigarettes . Nicotine Tob Res
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Smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young men . Stroke
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Global stroke statistics . Int J Stroke
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Smoking and hemorrhagic stroke mortality in a prospective cohort study of older Chinese . Stroke
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Passive smoking and stroke in men and women: a national population-based case-control study in China . Sci Rep
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Smoking raises the risk of total and ischemic strokes in hypertensive men . Hypertension Research
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Smoking habits and risk of fatal stroke: 18 years follow up of the Oslo study . J Epidemiol Community Health
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Dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young women . Stroke
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Passive smoking as well as active smoking increases the risk of acute stroke . Tob Control
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Passive smoking and risk of peripheral arterial disease and ischemic stroke in Chinese women who never smoked . Circulation
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Articles from Medicine are provided here courtesy of Wolters Kluwer Health
[1] Li WA, Geng X, Ding Y.
Stroke is a global epidemic: new developments in clinical and translational cerebrovascular diseases research . Neurol Res
2017; 39 :475–6. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[2] Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al.
Heart disease and stroke statistics—2013 update: a report from the American heart association . Circulation
2013; 127 :e6–245. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[3] Lackland DT, Roccella EJ, Deutsch AF, et al.
Factors influencing the decline in stroke mortality: a statement from the American heart association/American stroke association . Stroke
2013; 45 :315–53. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[4] Arnao V, Acciarresi M, Cittadini E, et al.
Stroke incidence, prevalence and mortality in women worldwide . Int J Stroke
2016; 11 :287–301. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[5] Ng M, Freeman MK, Fleming TD, et al.
Smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption in 187 countries, 1980-2012 . JAMA
2014; 311 :183–92. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[6] Sreeramareddy CT, Pradhan PM, Mir IA, et al.
Smoking and smokeless tobacco use in nine South and Southeast Asian countries: prevalence estimates and social determinants from Demographic and Health Surveys . Popul Health Metr
2014; 12 :22–48. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[7] Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M, et al.
Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 . Lancet Neurol
2016; 15 :913–24. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[8] Denlinger-Apte RL, Joel DL, Strasser AA, et al.
Low nicotine content descriptors reduce perceived health risks and positive cigarette ratings in participants using very low nicotine content cigarettes . Nicotine Tob Res
2017; 19 :1149–54. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[9] Markidan J, Cole JW, Cronin CA, et al.
Smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young men . Stroke
2018; 49 :1276–8. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[10] Thrift AG, Thayabaranathan T, Howard G, et al.
Global stroke statistics . Int J Stroke
2017; 12 :13–32. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[11] Kwan JHG, Bryant T.
IL-6 is a predictive biomarker for stroke associated infection and future mortality in the elderly after an ischemic stroke . Exp Gerontol
2013; 48 :960–5. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[13] Tuttolomondo ADSR, Di Raimondo D, Pedone C, et al.
Effects of clinical and laboratory variables and of pretreatment with cardiovascular drugs in acute ischaemic stroke: a retrospective chart review from the GIFA study . Int J Cardiol
2011; 151 :318–22. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[14] Xu L, Schooling CM, Chan WM, et al.
Smoking and hemorrhagic stroke mortality in a prospective cohort study of older Chinese . Stroke
2013; 44 :2144–9. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[15] Hou L, Han W, Jiang J, et al.
Passive smoking and stroke in men and women: a national population-based case-control study in China . Sci Rep
2017; 7 :45542–51. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[16] Tse LA, Fang XH, Wang WZ, et al.
Incidence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke and the association with smoking and smoking cessation: a 10-year multicentre prospective study in China . Public Health
2012; 126 :960–6. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[23] Ruth Bonita Meir J.
Cigarette smoking and risk of stroke in middle-aged women . New Engl J Med
1988; 318 :937–41. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[24] Bhat VM, Cole JW, Sorkin JD, et al.
Dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young women . Stroke
2008; 39 :2439–43. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[25] Bonita R, Duncan J, Truelsen T, et al.
Passive smoking as well as active smoking increases the risk of acute stroke . Tob Control
1999; 8 :156–60. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[26] He Y, Lam TH, Jiang B, et al.
Passive smoking and risk of peripheral arterial disease and ischemic stroke in Chinese women who never smoked . Circulation
2008; 118 :1535–40. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[19] Kurth T, Kase CS, Berger K, et al.
Smoking and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in men . Stroke
2003; 34 :1151–5. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[21] Kazumasa Yamagishi Hiak, Takeshi Tanigawa Ynss, Tetsuya Ohira, et al.
Smoking raises the risk of total and ischemic strokes in hypertensive men . Hypertension Research
2003; 26 :209–17. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[22] Håheim LL, Holme I, Hjermann I, et al.
Smoking habits and risk of fatal stroke: 18 years follow up of the Oslo study . J Epidemiol Community Health
1996; 50 :621–4. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[17] Lu M, Ye W, Adami H-O, et al.
Stroke incidence in women under 60 years of age related to alcohol intake and smoking habit . Cerebrovasc Dis
2008; 25 :517–25. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[20] Kurth T, Kase CS, Berger K, et al.
Smoking and risk of hemorrhagic stroke in women . Stroke
2003; 34 :2792–5. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
[18] Mannami T, Iso H, Baba S, et al.
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