How can I buy cocaine online in Larnaca

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How can I buy cocaine online in Larnaca

These datasets underpin the analysis presented in the agency's work. Most data may be viewed interactively on screen and downloaded in Excel format. All countries. Topics A-Z. The content in this section is aimed at anyone involved in planning, implementing or making decisions about health and social responses. Best practice. We have developed a systemic approach that brings together the human networks, processes and scientific tools necessary for collecting, analysing and reporting on the many aspects of the European drugs phenomenon. Explore our wide range of publications, videos and infographics on the drugs problem and how Europe is responding to it. All publications. More events. More news. We are your source of drug-related expertise in Europe. We prepare and share independent, scientifically validated knowledge, alerts and recommendations. About the EUDA. Alongside the more well-known substances available on illicit drug markets, a number of other substances with hallucinogenic, anaesthetic, dissociative or depressant properties are used in Europe: these include LSD lysergic acid diethylamide , hallucinogenic mushrooms, ketamine, GHB gamma-hydroxybutyrate and nitrous oxide. On this page, you can find the latest analysis of the situation regarding these substances in Europe, including seizures, prevalence and patterns of use, treatment entry, harms and more. European Drug Report — home. The drug situation in Europe up to Drug supply, production and precursors. Synthetic stimulants. Heroin and other opioids. Other drugs. New psychoactive substances. Injecting drug use in Europe. Drug-related infectious diseases. Drug-induced deaths. Opioid agonist treatment. Harm reduction. Some of these substances appear to have become well-established in some countries, cities or specific populations, although overall their relative prevalence may remain low in comparison to some other better-known drug classes. However, for a variety of methodological and historical reasons, our current monitoring approaches often perform poorly in identifying patterns and trends in the use of less well-known substances. This makes it difficult to comment with confidence on the prevalence of use or recent trends, or on the extent to which these drugs are associated with health or social problems. The information available suggests, however, that in some countries, subgroups or settings, the use of these sorts of substances has become more common. As patterns of drug use can change rapidly and many of the drug-related problems we face are increasingly influenced by the co-consumption of multiple substances, there is a strong argument for increasing investment in the surveillance of substances with hallucinogenic, anaesthetic, dissociative or depressant properties. The quantity of ketamine seized and reported to the EU Early Warning System on new psychoactive substances has varied over time, but has remained at relatively high levels in recent years, tripling from just under a tonne in to 2. Seizures were reported by 17 countries in both years, with both Denmark and the Netherlands reporting large seizures, and these two countries together accounted for two thirds of the overall quantity of ketamine seized in Most of the ketamine seized in Europe is thought to originate from India, but there is some evidence that the drug may also be sourced from Pakistan and China. Available information suggests that production of the drug in Europe remains limited. Overall, there is evidence to suggest that ketamine is likely to be consistently available in some national drug markets and may have become an established drug of choice in some settings. It is also reported to be used in combination with other substances, such as stimulants. In Ireland, for example, the intentional mixing of cocaine and ketamine has been identified at music festivals, as have ketamine-related medical incidents during and In , Euro-DEN sentinel hospital emergency departments in Europe reported that cocaine was the substance most often reported in combination with ketamine in acute toxicity presentations. Ketamine is commonly snorted, but can also be injected, and has been linked to various dose-dependent acute and chronic harms, including neurological and cardiovascular toxicity, mental health problems, such as depression, and urological complications, such as bladder damage from intensive use or the presence of adulterants. Ketamine may also be added to other drug mixtures, including MDMA powders and tablets, potentially making inadvertent consumption an issue. In contrast to some other parts of the world, mixtures sold as pink cocaine are less likely to contain the synthetic drug 2C-B, which has historically been associated with this product. It is also interesting to note that while the overall figure remains low, both the quantity of 2C-B seized and the number of countries reporting seizures increased in , with 14 countries reporting seizures amounting to just under 6 kilograms of this drug. The number of clients reported to receive treatment for problems related to ketamine use remains low. However, it has risen from around cases reported in to in Moreover, this data set is not likely to capture all those having health problems with this drug. For example, those who have developed urological problems may be poorly represented. Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, has been linked to various health problems, including poisonings, burns and lung injuries and, in some cases of prolonged exposure, neurotoxicity from vitamin B12 deficiency. There is, however, a debate on the extent to which this substance is associated with negative health risks, especially among episodic users, although given its apparent growing popularity among young people, this is clearly an important area for further research and monitoring. In some European cities, discarded nitrous oxide gas canisters have become a relatively common sight, and the disposal of the smaller stainless steel canisters has been identified as a drug-litter issue in some countries. The drug has become more accessible and cheaper, available online and with the increased availability of larger gas canisters aimed at recreational use. However, high-volume cylinders may also increase the risk of lung damage, due to the higher pressure of their contents and, in general, inhaling directly from gas bottles is reported to be associated with a greater risk of harm. Nitrous oxide has various commercial uses, for example, it is used by the catering industry. Regulatory approaches to the sale and use of this substance vary between countries, with the gas legally available for sale in some countries. Several EU countries, including Denmark, France, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Portugal have restricted the availability of nitrous oxide in recent years. There is limited evaluative information about the effectiveness of legislative or other approaches to restricting access to nitrous oxide. Non-controlled and new benzodiazepines also continued to be available in some European countries but, again, current monitoring approaches make it difficult to comment on the scale of their use, although signals exist that these substances may have important consequences for health, especially when consumed in combination with other drugs. They are often very cheap and may be used by young people in combination with alcohol, sometimes resulting in potentially serious health reactions or aberrant behaviour. These substances have also been linked to overdose deaths among people who use opioids. A lack of toxicological information means the role that benzodiazepines play in opioid-related deaths is not sufficiently understood. So far, seizures of benzo-dope have been reported by Estonia and Latvia. In both countries, the same mixtures have also been identified in residues analysed from used syringes. Both clinical and public interest has been growing in the therapeutic use of some novel substances, particularly psychedelic substances, but also dissociative drugs such as ketamine. At the same time, a growing number of clinical studies, both internationally and in Europe, are exploring the potential of a range of psychedelic substances to treat different mental health conditions. The evidence base in this area is growing rapidly, and some studies have produced evidence to support the view that some substances may have value in the treatment of specific neuropsychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder or treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder. However, the interpretation of the results is complicated by a range of methodological issues, and generalisation remains difficult as much of the research in this area remains at an early stage. Nonetheless, these developments have received considerable media attention, raising concerns that this may encourage greater experimental use of a range of potent psychoactive substances without appropriate medical support, potentially putting vulnerable individuals at risk of suffering adverse consequences. At the same time, there are signs of unregulated programmes being operated in the European Union and elsewhere, in which the use of psychedelic substances is included as part of a wellness, therapeutic or spiritually oriented intervention. Strengthening monitoring in this area will be important, as a growth of unlicensed therapeutic uses of psychedelics may adversely affect vulnerable individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions. Mean daily amounts of ketamine in milligrams per population. Sampling was carried out over a week in March and April For the complete data set and analysis, see Wastewater analysis and drugs — a European multi-city study. Increases were observed in the number of clients entering treatment for problems related to ketamine use in Belgium, Germany and Italy in and Spain in most recent data , with the overall number rising from in to an estimated clients in in these countries. Show source tables. The complete set of source data for the European Drug Report including metadata and methodological notes is available in our data catalogue. A subset of this data, used to generate infographics, charts and similar elements on this page, may be found below. Homepage Quick links Quick links. GO Results hosted on duckduckgo. Main navigation Data Open related submenu Data. Latest data Prevalence of drug use Drug-induced deaths Infectious diseases Problem drug use Treatment demand Seizures of drugs Price, purity and potency. Drug use and prison Drug law offences Health and social responses Drug checking Hospital emergencies data Syringe residues data Wastewater analysis Data catalogue. Selected topics Alternatives to coercive sanctions Cannabis Cannabis policy Cocaine Darknet markets Drug checking Drug consumption facilities Drug markets Drug-related deaths Drug-related infectious diseases. Recently published Findings from a scoping literature…. Penalties at a glance. Frequently asked questions FAQ : drug…. FAQ: therapeutic use of psychedelic…. Viral hepatitis elimination barometer…. EU Drug Market: New psychoactive…. EU Drug Market: Drivers and facilitators. Statistical Bulletin home. Quick links Search news Subscribe newsletter for recent news Subscribe to news releases. This make take up to a minute. Once the PDF is ready it will appear in this tab. Sorry, the download of the PDF failed. Table of contents Search within the book. Search within the book Operator Any match. Exact term match only. Main subject. Target audience. Publication type. European Drug Report main page. On this page.

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How can I buy cocaine online in Larnaca

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Box , Nicosia, Cyprus. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVIDrelated research that is available on the COVID resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. The outbreak and spread of COVID impacted through various ways the lives of millions of humans globally. In this work, wastewater-based epidemiology WBE was applied to investigate the effect of the actions taken by the Republic of Cyprus to confine COVID on the use of illicit stimulant drugs. Daily influent samples were collected from the six main wastewater treatment plants WWTPs of the country i before lockdown 3—9 April , ii during lockdown 21—27 April , iii during the post-lockdown period 14—20 July , and, iv during each season of the following year 20—26 April , 19—25 July , 11—17 October , 25 December —2 January , and analyzed for amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA and cocaine. In most areas, amphetamine and methamphetamine use was not affected during the confinement period, but as availability of the substances decreased with time, a drop in their use was observed when most restriction measures were eased up to 9- and fold decrease, respectively. The limitations on social interactions and events during the quarantine period seem to have led to the reduction of MDMA and cocaine and driven a sharp decrease of their use in most areas studied up to 11 and 6 times lower, respectively. In , drug use was re-established to lower levels. The examination of weekly patterns during this year revealed higher weekend use of methamphetamine, MDMA and cocaine. Our results suggest that both the implementation and the easing of COVID related measures affected the availability and the use of drugs. This study also provides the first insight on the consumption of illicit drugs in the Republic of Cyprus during pre-, post- and pandemic times and demonstrates the importance of WBE. These measures impacted societies in various ways and affected both social and economic aspects of life Alygizakis et al. The already well-established wastewater-based epidemiology WBE approach has been widely applied after the COVID outbreak, both for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA, which can provide information on the prevalence of the virus in a community, as well as for the detection and measurement of a series of chemical tracers, to investigate changes on consumption habits among the citizens Alygizakis et al. The EC Recommendation suggested that the outcomes of WBE should be exploited for prevention, early warning purposes and monitoring trends and would allow for a better evaluation of the efficiency of the measures taken from authorities to restrain the spread of the pandemic. WBE represents an analytical approach that can provide qualitative and quantitative information regarding, among others, eating, drinking, smoking and drug consuming habits of a population. This tool is based on the fact that chemical compounds consumed by a population, are excreted from the human body and end up, usually in trace levels, in the sewage system, and consequently they can be detected in the wastewater influents, either unchanged, or as their metabolites Been et al. Thus, WBE enables near real-time monitoring of the consumption habits of a population by the investigation of the composition of the influent wastewater that arrives at the wastewater treatment plant WWTP of an area. Therefore, the monitoring of the composition of sewage influents can reveal the presence of various indicators, as well as their consumption profiles, supporting the development of regional or national policies particularly, in relation to health issues. Illicit drug use is an activity that cannot be easily unveiled to its actual extent through the usual questionnaires and other similar methods used in epidemiology studies, owing to the fact that drug use is mostly illegal, and because of this, biased answers could be obtained. Additionally, in many cases drug users are often unaware of the actual drug or a mixture of substances they are consuming, making questionnaire-based studies less reliable Ort et al. On the other hand, WBE can provide a more realistic approach and reveal the drug use problem in a community to its real extent, enabling the estimation of the consumption of illicit drugs by measuring the drugs or their metabolites in the influent wastewater that arrives at the WWTP which serves the community. To the authors knowledge, up to now, there is no scientific literature on the actual drug use in the Republic of Cyprus. In this work, we investigate whether the implementation and easing of restriction measures in the Republic of Cyprus, due to COVID, impacted the illicit stimulant drugs use in the country, applying the WBE approach. The presence, the changes in their concentrations and the consumption of four illicit stimulant drugs, i. Sampling campaigns took place before, during the lockdown period, during the period that followed the lockdown, when most restriction measures were eased and finally during four different periods of the following year. These campaigns allow the examination of the extent of the influence of the pandemic and the implemented measures on the stimulant drugs use in this long-term monitoring programme. Seasonal and weekly variations of these drugs are also discussed. Working solutions were prepared in methanol. Nitrogen From March 15th the borders were closed and after the 31st of March only in special circumstances, e. The mobility of the citizens was also restricted and limited to accessing food and other essential supplies, while moving from one district to another was only allowed for very specific reasons. The strict lockdown ended on April 30th, but significant restrictions remained thereafter, including night curfew and limitations on the number of people present in various settings. The first flights started arriving to the Republic of Cyprus after the 1st of June Quattrocchi et al. Shaded bars indicate the number of cases during the strict lockdown period. The lockdown and post-lockdown sampling campaigns are also shown. Sampling campaigns took place one year before the lockdown 3—9 April , sampling period marked as SP1 , during the lockdown 21—27 April , marked as SP2 , after the lockdown, post-lockdown period, 14—20 July , marked as SP3 and the following spring 20—26 April , marked as SP4 , summer 19—25 July , marked as SP5 , autumn 11—17 October , marked as SP6 and winter 25 December —2 January , marked as SP7. Each sampling campaign lasted seven days, except the last one which lasted nine days, to include both Christmas and New Year's weekends. The exact location of the WWTPs and the average population served during all sampling campaigns are shown in Fig. The exact location of the six WWTPs sampling sites during the seven sampling campaigns. The collection of the influent hour composite samples was starting at am and ending at am of the following day. Amber glass bottles of 1 L were used for the sample collection. The bottles were pre-rinsed with de-ionized and ultra-pure water consecutively and dried. The time between sampling and analysis was always less than a week. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate. All samples were successively filtered through 2. Next, mL of each sample was percolated through the cartridges by gravity. A volume of 10 mL of ultrapure water was used to rinse the sample containers and was also percolated through the cartridges, to improve the recovery of analytes. The analytical procedure is described in detail elsewhere Gros et al. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer coupled with an electrospray ionization ESI source was used. Eluent A was 0. The quantification of each compound was achieved based on the most abundant daughter ion Q transition while the second transition and their ion ratios were used for confirmation of the identification. For all drugs, optimization of collision energies and cone voltages was performed. Instrument and method repeatability were controlled by analyzing each sample three times. Details on the validation procedure can be found elsewhere Boleda et al. The validity of the results is also monitored by the successful participation in the yearly SCORE interlaboratory study. As mentioned above, for the estimation of amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA the measured concentrations of the parent drug residues were used for the estimation of the consumption, due to their high stability in wastewater and the fact that the parent compounds are excreted from the human body unaltered, to a significant extent. Cocaine consumption was calculated based on the concentration of benzoylecgonine, its main human metabolite that is produced in the liver and excreted in urine Devault et al. Thus, the consumption is expressed in terms of mg per day per inhabitants from Eq. For amphetamine, methamphetamine and MDMA, the Mw ratio is 1, as the calculation of their consumption is based on the measurement of the same compounds, whereas for cocaine is 1. Thus, the CFs for amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA and benzoylecgonine used for the back-calculation of the drugs consumption were 2. Statistical analysis was performed with Wavemetrics Igor Pro, version 6. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analyses was used to investigate statistically significant differences between different sites or different sampling periods. A p -value lower than 0. According to most recent EMCDDA annual reports, it is estimated that almost one third of adults aged 15—64 in the European Union have used illicit drugs at least once in their lifetime. Studies between and in 25 countries suggest that 1. Based on relevant literature and in particular the study by Deng et al. According to this study, when the ratio is above 0. Amphetamine consumption variation at the six sampling sites during all sampling periods. The implementation of the lockdown did not show a significant effect on the use of amphetamine, as in most areas it was at a comparable level to that before lockdown and to that of the following year's measurements, except in Larnaca, where a sharp decrease in the consumption of amphetamine was observed during the lockdown, compared to the consumption one year before April However, for the other areas, no significant change on the consumption was observed with the easing of the restriction measures. This mixed picture could indicate a limited availability of the drug during the post-lockdown period at parts of the country, affecting specific areas and leading to the observed decrease of the drug's use. In the same period, illegal stockpiling probably had covered the needs of the users in Nicosia I, Nicosia II and Agia Napa, where availability of the drug was observed. Additionally, according to the EMCDDA report, local drug markets have been significantly affected by the implemented restrictions on citizens movement and assembly, with users reporting higher prices of illicit drugs during this period EMCDDA, Such an implication could have impacted the access and the use of specific drugs among different cities with different social or demographic characteristics, in various ways. According to the same report, these alterations appeared to have a short-term impact on the drug markets, as relaxation of measures allowed the markets to return to a pre-COVID situation. In general, the findings on the consumption levels of amphetamine determined at all areas of the Republic of Cyprus are consistent with other WBE-based estimations Been et al. The data collected during the sampling campaigns allowed for the examination of possible seasonal changes of amphetamine use in the country, as one campaign took place during each season of the year. During this year, no impact of the pandemic on drug use was expected, as no restriction measures were applied. One Way ANOVA was used to reveal statistically significant differences between the estimated consumption during each season. No statistical differences were found among the amphetamine consumption levels during the sampling periods of at half the areas studied Limassol, Larnaca and Paphos. On the other hand, the consumption during the summer campaign was found to be higher compared to that in the autumn and winter in both Agia Napa and Nicosia II, which could have been a result of the higher touristic activity during this period. In Nicosia I, amphetamine consumption was found to be significantly higher during spring, compared to that in autumn and winter. The fact that the winter measurements were conducted during the Christmas and New Year's period did not show any significant impact on the amphetamine's seasonal consumption variation. The results may suggest that the availability of the drug at the local drug market, together with other factors e. Comparing methamphetamine consumption during the spring of and the spring of , it is shown that the implementation of the restriction measures did not have any significant impact on its use, at the majority of the areas studied Nicosia II, Larnaca, Paphos, Agia Napa. Regardless of this difference among the areas, the use of methamphetamine dropped sharply during the post-lockdown period at all the areas studied. The most pronounced decrease was observed in Paphos and Limassol, where consumption dropped fold and almost fold, respectively. Possible lack of availability of methamphetamine's precursors could also have led to the decrease or ceasing of local production of this stimulant, affecting its purity and the extent of its use. Methamphetamine consumption variation at the six sampling sites during all sampling periods. The measurements of the following year revealed a small increasing trend of methamphetamine's use during the last months of the year at most of the areas studied. Higher consumption during autumn and winter was observed at the majority of the areas under study. Apart from Nicosia II and Agia Napa, where a stable profile of the consumption of the drug was observed throughout the year, at all the other areas the highest methamphetamine use was found during the winter period. MDMA is one of the stimulant drugs that is mainly used in nightlife settings, such as clubs and bars and is regarded as a party drug. In the European territory it is produced both for local and global markets. On the other hand, at Nicosia II and Paphos areas, the MDMA use was not significantly affected by the lockdown, and the consumption at these areas during both periods of spring of and lockdown were rather low, compared with the other sites. MDMA consumption variation at the six sampling sites during all sampling periods. As shown in Fig. A notable increase of the consumption was observed at four out of six areas Nicosia I, Nicosia II, Limassol and Agia Napa, statistically significant at the last three during this period, compared with that of the lockdown campaign. It should be noted that at four sites Agia Napa, Nicosia I, Nicosia II and Paphos the consumption levels observed during the post-lockdown period were the highest of the whole monitoring period of this study. The observed decrease of MDMA use during the lockdown is attributed to the shutdown of entertainment industry, the cancelation of various events and social gatherings and to difficulties related with the distribution of drugs during this period. The easing of transportation limitations and the reopening of entertainment activities during the summer of facilitated both the distribution and the use of the drug and hence the observed increase of its consumption during the post-lockdown sampling. Based on the determined concentrations, the following year MDMA use seems to have been stabilized in the whole country and no seasonal differences were detected at all the areas under study. In general, the consumption levels during this year were lower, compared to those during the post-lockdown period. Due to the relatively low stability of cocaine in sewage samples, its consumption was estimated based on the concentrations of its major metabolite, benzoylecgonine, from Eq. Benzoylecgonine was detected in all daily samples collected from all the six WWTPs. Cocaine is the second most commonly used illicit drug in Europe; in this work, it was found to be the most commonly used illicit stimulant drug in the Republic of Cyprus, as well. The implementation of the lockdown severely impacted the cocaine consumption in the country. Variations of cocaine consumption among all studied areas during all sampling campaigns are presented in Fig. For five out of six areas, i. Interestingly, at the city of Larnaca, cocaine use increased significantly, by more than double, compared with the consumption in Similar decreasing trends were also observed in other countries during COVID restrictions, however, such findings were not consistent everywhere, as cocaine use during lockdowns presented a mixed behaviour, highly dependent on the location of the study Alygizakis et al. This heterogeneity in drug use trends suggest a complexity of the society responses to the various stressors related to COVID implications. Cocaine consumption variation at the six sampling sites during all sampling periods. During the post-lockdown period of , cocaine consumption showed a remarkable increase at most areas of the Republic of Cyprus Nicosia I, Nicosia II, Limassol, Paphos and Agia Napa , compared with the lockdown period. An almost fold increase of the consumption was observed at Agia Napa, 9-fold at Nicosia I, 4-fold at Nicosia II, while the consumption at Limassol and Paphos was around 2. At most areas, cocaine use was highest during the post-lockdown campaign, compared to all the other monitoring periods. Only Larnaca city again presented a different behaviour, where cocaine, but also MDMA consumption levels remained similar during the lockdown and the post-lockdown periods. The observed trend of high cocaine use after the relaxation of COVID related restriction measures in the Republic of Cyprus is supported by other WBE-based studies, depicting an increase of cocaine and other stimulants during post-lockdown periods Bade et al. The results also show a stabilization of cocaine during the following year, with no significant seasonal variations. Only in Paphos, statistically significant higher cocaine use was observed during the winter, which is mainly attributed to the high consumption during New Year's Eve and New Year's Day Fig. The daily consumption data from all six areas under study from spring, summer, autumn and winter of campaigns was grouped, in order to investigate the weekly patterns of the drugs use. For each drug, data points from all sampling sites were combined, to reflect the weekly patterns of stimulants use in the Republic of Cyprus. Daily consumption of amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA and cocaine, estimated from all areas studied, during the campaigns grouped data. All drugs, except amphetamine, showed weekly consumption cycles, with higher drug use during weekends, however Monday samples also showed higher consumption compared to the other weekdays. Regarding the use of amphetamine, no daily differences of its use could be detected, with the drug presenting a very stable weekly profile. Similar profiles for cocaine and MDMA consumption during weekdays and weekends have been previously reported in other works, revealing weekly patterns of the use of these drugs Irvine et al. The weekly patterns of MDMA and cocaine confirm the recreational character of the use of these drugs, which has often been stressed in previous studies. However, in this work, methamphetamine was also found to be used more during the weekends, indicating its consumption for similar reasons. These weekly trends were absent for cocaine and methamphetamine during the lockdown period and only MDMA was found to be used more during the weekends Fig. Less pronounced or lack of weekend consumption peaks during the lockdown were also reported in other WBE-based studies during similar lockdown periods. This observation is attributed to the absence of events and the impediments in socialization Been et al. This work investigated the illicit stimulant drugs use in the Republic of Cyprus during a pre-COVID period, during the quarantine period, right after it, and during the four seasons of the following year, by applying the WBE approach. The results point towards a heterogeneous effect of the pandemic on the use of stimulants and an overall short-term impact of the COVID related restrictions. The little to no effect on the use of amphetamine and methamphetamine by the implementation of the lockdown is mainly attributed to stockpiling, which led to the observed decreasing trend during the post-lockdown period, probably due to a delayed shortage. On the other hand, the closure of entertainment industry and the cancelation of all events led to a significant drop of the use of other substances, typically related to recreational occasions i. The occurring differences support the high complexity of the impact of the pandemic on drug use, which is dependent on the substance and the location and cannot be attributed to a single factor. Our results also indicate that not only the confinement, but also the relaxation measures can drive alterations on drug use patterns. The study also revealed that methamphetamine use is evolving in the Republic of Cyprus, as the estimated consumption of this drug was significant at all areas, during most of the monitoring periods of this work. For cocaine, MDMA and methamphetamine, a recreational pattern of their use was also observed, confirming previous studies. The application of WBE demonstrates that this technique can provide real-time information on the illicit drugs use at local level, revealing their actual temporal and spatial trends, and stress the importance of the establishment of wastewater surveillance networks, which can address current threats and provide support to law enforcement and prevention interventions. Mina: Investigation, Methodology. Savvidou: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition. Mina: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This study was funded by the Cyprus National Addictions Authority. All authors would like to thank the management and administration of Sewage Boards of Nicosia, Limassol-Amathus, Larnaca, Paphos and Agia Napa for their valuable collaboration. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the persons who performed the samplings, namely C. Sofocleous, C. Theodorou, D. Tzelios, A. Pittali, E. Nikolaou, C. Papanicolaou and G. Their continuous support and assistance are greatly appreciated. Hapeshi, Dr. Karaolia and Dr. Minas Iakovides are acknowledged for their contribution in samplings, elaboration and visualization of data. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Sci Total Environ. Find articles by M Psichoudaki. Box , , Nicosia, Cyprus. Find articles by T Mina. Find articles by M Savvidou. Find articles by C Mina. Find articles by C Michael. Find articles by D Fatta-Kassinos. All rights reserved. Open in a new tab. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. 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How can I buy cocaine online in Larnaca