Hog Enema Recipe

Hog Enema Recipe

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‘Clear sight of the challenges for the health service must not be lost’
An enema is the administration of a substance in liquid form into the rectum. This may be performed to aid bowel evacuation or to administer medicines.
The evidence in this article is no longer current. Click here to see an updated and expanded article
Dan Higgins, RGN, ENB 998, is senior charge nurse, critical care, University Hospital Birmingham
An enema is the administration of a substance in liquid form into the rectum. This may be performed to aid bowel evacuation or to administer medicines.
The administration of an enema not only requires skill and competence on behalf of the practitioner but also requires compliance with the NMC (2004) guidelines on the administration of medicines and local drug administration policy.
There are two different types of enema for bowel evacuation, although they are very similar. Some enemas are given to produce an immediate effect, which is to lubricate, thus facilitating the passage of faeces. The administration of a fluid into the rectum may also induce peristaltic contraction of the rectal walls.
Retention enemas, while producing the same effects, are intended to remain in the rectum for a longer period of time penetrating and thus lubricating the faeces further. Retention enemas tend to be oil based.
Medicines can be administered rectally in enema form. This may be carried out for local effect, such as steroids and agents that reduce inflammation in the colonic mucosa. In addition, drugs may be absorbed for systemic effect by the vascular network surrounding the rectum.
The administration of enemas should be avoided in patients following colonic surgery or patients with injury or obstruction, as the risk of perforation may be increased. This risk may also be raised in patients who have undergone gynaecological surgery or radiotherapy.
Enemas should also be avoided in cases of paralytic ileus as the peristaltic movement of the colon is lost. Absorption of enema fluid/solutes may occur and this must be considered in all patients.
Small-volume concentrated enemas may be contraindicated in cases of ulcerative and inflammatory conditions.
The risks associated with enema administration are considered to be low but can be detrimental and in some cases may be fatal. Expert advice should be sought from specialist practitioners in any of the circumstances stated above.
Warming the enema solution to body temperature may be beneficial as heat stimulates the rectal mucosa. Dougherty and Lister (2004) recommend a solution temperature of 40.5-43.3 degsC for non-oil-based enemas. Cold solutions should be avoided as they may cause cramping.
Advising the patient to empty her or his bladder before the procedure may reduce the feeling of discomfort (Dougherty and Lister, 2004).
The equipment required to perform an enema is as follows:
All nurses who carry out clinical procedures must have received approved training, undertaken supervised practice and demonstrated competence in the clinical area. The onus is also on the individual to ensure that knowledge and skills are maintained from both a theoretical and a practical perspective. Nurses should also undertake this role in accordance with an organisation’s protocols, policies and guidelines.

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Martock and South Petherton Surgeries

Martock and South Petherton Surgeries

Martock and South Petherton Surgeries

Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust

Public Health Agency Northern Ireland

Medically Reviewed by Jabeen Begum, MD on November 24, 2021
Enemas are injections of fluids used to cleanse or stimulate the emptying of your bowel. This procedure has been used for years to treat constipation and similar issues.
Constipation is a severe condition that slows down the movement of your stool. It also makes the stool hard and difficult to excrete. It can become a chronic problem for many people and requires treatment, such as enema.
Enemas can also treat fecal incontinence, a condition in which the stool leaks from the rectum unexpectedly.
They are also used to clean the bowel before any test or surgery.
A professional usually does the enema procedure, but you can also self-administer enemas at home.
Cleansing enema. This procedure is water-based. It includes holding the injection in the rectum for a short time to flush the colon thoroughly. Your body then releases the stool within a few minutes.
Cleansing enema is further divided into two types:
Oil-retention enema. This enema type is for people whose stool has hardened. The oil-retention enema softens the stool. The enemas used in this process usually contain 90-120 ml solution. The doctor may ask you to retain the solution for at least an hour to get effective results.
Return-flow enema. Also known as Harris flush, a return-flow enema is done on people with trouble pooping due to intestinal gas. In this method, a large fluid volume is used, which is injected in 100-200 ml increments. The fluid is then drawn out along with the flatus (intestinal gas). This process is repeated three to five times until the gas is entirely out.
Cooling enema. If your temperature is extremely high, the doctor may use a cooling enema to lower your body temperature. It is not a common procedure.
Rectal instillation of medication. Enemas can also be used to insert medications into your colon. Enema relieves the intestinal mucosa, and the medicines balance the electrolytes and fight infections. This procedure is done after cleansing enemas.
Some commonly-used enema solutions include:
You can self-administer an enema or give it to your child at home. The steps include:
There are no enema side effects. But, you may experience enema leaks during the procedure. Some people also complain about cramping and discomfort.
If you are unsure about doing the procedure yourself, ask your doctor for help.
SOURCES: Clinical Nutrition Research: "Coffee Enema for Preparation for Small Bowel Video Capsule Endoscopy: A Pilot Study."
Canadian Society of International Research: "Enemas."
Intermountain Healthcare, Primary Children's Hospital: "Enemas (Large-volume).
Mayo Clinic: "Constipation."
PEOI: "Fundamentals of Nursing Practice: E-1- Types of Enemas."
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WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

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