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Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using random sampling from April to April in Quetta. Samples were collected from respondents who met the inclusion criteria and had visited community pharmacies. The analysis was done using SPSS version Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess factors associated with good knowledge. Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that purchase on prescription was a determining factor of knowledge regarding knowledge of pharmaceutical products and their provided information, medicines usage and safety, and Medication ADRs. Patients who bought medicines on prescriptions were more likely to have better knowledge. Patients having education were more likely to have better knowledge. Conclusion: Public awareness about medicine information, safety, and the information provided by manufacturers is crucial to ensuring that patients have access to accurate information about their medications and can make informed decisions about their health. Healthcare providers and regulatory bodies must work together to improve access to information and promote safe medication practices. Comprehensive drug regulations are essential to protecting the public from potentially dangerous or questionable medications, as they provide oversight and accountability for all aspects of pharmaceutical use within the country. In most countries, drug regulatory authorities devote more time and effort to pre-marketing than post-marketing activities Ratanawijitrasin and Wondemagegnehu, Drug regulation in Pakistan was formulated in It successfully coordinates and enforces the Drug Act of Nishtar, Every medicine package has a patient information leaflet, a technical document that provides written information about the medication. Manufacturers give out patient information leaflets PILs that all have the same type of information and follow a standard format. Their major objective is to educate patients about how to take their medication, any necessary precautions, and any possible side effects Herber et al. The package insert PI provides essential drug information for patients taking over-the-counter and prescription-only medications. Numerous studies have already focused on how PILs may be improved regarding design, readability, knowledge of medicines, safety, and adverse effects. However, little is known about how patients react and behave after reading the risk information presented in PILs Carrigan et al. Consumers want to know more than ever about their medications and their effects to make decisions on medicine usage. Giving patients useful, well-organized leaflets that are simple to browse can result in a better quality of life, less worry, earlier detection of unpleasant side effects, and better knowledge of the treatment regimen Fuchs et al. Patients with long-lasting and complicated diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, angina, and peptic ulcers must know about their illness and how to treat it. Long-term management of these diseases entails patient self-care. Several studies have found that patients cannot control their conditions because they do not obtain the appropriate information Morris and Halperin, One of these steps is ensuring that the person using the medication knows and understands everything about it. This can be done by reading the leaflet with the drug, which usually has all the important information about it. If necessary, the patient might seek clarification from the pharmacist or doctor. Because healthcare professionals are frequently quite busy, it is advised that patients prepare their questions in advance, write them down, and then submit them to their doctor or pharmacist Alshammari, Moreover, a lack of knowledge may cause unintended overdose or nonadherence with medicine regimens, resulting in poor outcomes, and there is no specialized marking labeling on medicines for illiterate patients Mercy et al. Poor knowledge about medicines can lead to serious consequences, such as nonadherence and misunderstanding of the significance of adverse events. Most countries, particularly the Commonwealth, train healthcare personnel in English, and prescription labeling and discharge summaries are written in English, which most patients may not comprehend. In such environments, where patients are overcrowded, there is very little time to deliver information, even simple instructions on medication use. A prior study conducted in Sri Lanka discovered that limited English proficiency, a lower level of education, and a lack of a sense of sickness severity all reduced knowledge of recommended medications. How thoroughly patients were informed about the medications and their safety is unknown. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using random sampling from April to April from community pharmacies in Quetta. The study population comprised people who went to community pharmacies in Quetta to get their prescriptions refilled. The survey included consumers of all ages and genders who had used drugs in the previous 3 months. Consumers under 18, who had not taken drugs in the previous 3 months and were unwilling to participate, were excluded. Consumers were divided into four categories: general public, students, employed, and locality. Unemployed individuals who had no education or were retired and did not want to share their income were also included in the general public. Students were targeted according to their level of studies, while employed consumers were those with any job or who were self-employed. The locality was further defined as including urban and rural consumers. Data collection began in April and was concluded in April Samples were obtained from individuals who met the predetermined inclusion criteria and had visited community pharmacies. These respondents were selected as a representative sample of individuals who seek medical advice or treatment from community pharmacies. A questionnaire based on the existing literature was developed and validated Sales et al. The final version had closed-ended questions about demographics, medicine use, how to read and understand the leaflet, and how safe people thought drugs were. Aside from the demographic and disease parts, the questionnaire comprised three sections: Ratanawijitrasin and Wondemagegnehu, : basic knowledge of pharmaceutical products and the information provided, Nishtar, , knowledge of medicines for their use and safety, and Herber et al. The questionnaire was translated into Urdu using a forward-backward procedure by native Urdu speakers who also spoke English as a second language. The questionnaire was subjected to content, face validation, and pilot testing. The content validity index CVI was 0. Face validation was also performed by face-to-face assessment, and certain grammatical problems were corrected. The questionnaire was distributed to nine pilot participants. There were no reports of difficulties comprehending the goods. The pilot data were excluded from the analysis. Scoring of the Questionnaire was adopted Islam et al. The scoring criteria of the questionnaire are documented in the Supplementary Material S1. A descriptive statistic was used to produce the results of the study. Social and economic characteristics, purchase of prescription medication, and disease prevalence were described using simple frequencies. Knowledge about pharmaceutical products, including medication usage and adverse reactions, was also described using simple frequencies. All three levels of consumer knowledge were subjected to bivariate analysis. The z-test was used to determine the significance of mean differences. Those variables that showed significant associations were further tested using multiple logistic regression. SPSS Software version 23 was used in all analysis. C, The consent form informed all the participants that their participation was voluntary. Table 1 shows demographic characteristics. The majority of respondents Table 2 shows purchase of prescription. Table 3 shows disease prevalence for purchase of medicine. The rest of the diseases were categorized as other Table 4 shows knowledge of pharmaceutical products and their provided information. Most respondents, The maximum number of respondents, Table 5 presents data on the knowledge of medicines and their usage and safety among the respondents. Most respondents knew about the usage of medicines, including what it is used for However, a significant portion of respondents lacked knowledge about other aspects, such as when not to use the medicine About Only 9. Of those who searched, Table 7 shows knowledge score. The scoring criteria have already been discussed in the methodology section. Most respondents Table 8 shows bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis revealed that the mean score for knowledge of pharmaceutical products and their provided information was higher in patients up to 41 years old, males, employed, educated, resided in urban populations, and purchased the medicine on prescription. Bivariate analysis revealed that the mean score for knowledge of medicines for their usage and safety was higher in patients older than 41 years, males, employed, educated, resided in urban populations, and purchased the medicine on prescription. Bivariate analysis revealed that the mean knowledge score for medication adverse drug reactions was higher in patients up to 41 years of age who were male, employed, educated, resided in urban populations, and purchased the medicine on prescription. Table 9 shows multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that purchase on prescription was a determining factor of knowledge regarding knowledge of pharmaceutical products and their provided information, medicine usage and safety, and medication ADRs. Patients who bought medicines on prescription were more likely to have better knowledge. Patients with education were more likely to have better knowledge. In the current study, patients who visited the community pharmacy in Balochistan were asked about their knowledge of the drugs that were prescribed to them and their determinants. Our study found that only about half of the population had appropriate knowledge of pharmaceutical items and the information they offered and that knowledge of adverse drug reactions was rare. This result was in line with recent research that found that Sri Lanka, where However, comparable findings were observed in the United Kingdom, where information sources regarding medicine side effects, such as PILs, were extensive due to their accessibility. Nonetheless, many people who took traditional medications did not view them as trustworthy O'Donovan et al. The current study showed that consumers are purchasing medicines without a prescription. This issue is seen in Pakistan, where purchasing nearly any kind of medication without a prescription is simple. Due to self-medication and the accessibility of obtaining over-the-counter medications in large quantities, several frightening results are frequent, including resistance, addiction, withdrawal symptoms, harmful drug interactions, and hypersensitivities Ali et al. The current study showed that all drugs dispensed or prescribed should have important information given by the manufacturer on the bottle, box, or strip regarding their use. Patients need the right information about medicines for several reasons. This information can be given verbally or in a patient information leaflet PIL. People cannot know which medicine is best for them until they have this knowledge, and even if they do, they cannot know how to take it properly. The name of the drug, the medicine dose, the mode of administration, the frequency of administration, the duration of therapy, the probable adverse effects, and the storage state of the medicine are all considered key parameters for safe and effective medicine usage. Adequate patient knowledge of prescribed drugs is one of the fundamental criteria for the best use of medications Boonstra et al. Medication guides must be provided to patients each time a prescription is filled. They are developed by the manufacturer and are FDA-approved. The current study showed that most of the time, patients check the information or instructions given by the manufacturer on the bottle, box, or strips. The safe use of all medicines depends on consumers carefully reading the label and packaging and being able to comprehend and act on the information Shiffman et al. The current study showed that information and instructions must be easily readable. The purpose of patient information is to educate them. The written word must be read as well as understood. If patient information is to be useful, it must influence patient behavior and positively affect compliance and morbidity in whatever format it is delivered Mayberry and Mayberry, Most patients may not be able to retain the verbal information provided by doctors for an extended period. Print materials can be useful in these cases for retaining drug usage information. Print materials can transmit basic disease or drug information Hulka et al. Patients with chronic and complicated conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, asthma, angina, and a peptic ulcer need information about the disease and its treatments. Long-term management of these disorders requires patient self-care. Several studies have found that patients cannot control their conditions because they do not obtain the appropriate information. According to a study by Joseph et al. A study showed that the package leaflet for a drug product must be readable, clear, and simple to use, and the applicant for, or holder of, a marketing authorization must provide this information Medicines Agency HPR, This study showed that most participants denied that information or instructions were given in Urdu. Upon subsequent concern, they wanted to get the medicine information in Urdu. This is why the Pakistani population demands that the medicine information is in their native language, Urdu. According to studies, poor health literacy leads to poor health outcomes, including misinterpreting drug instructions Davis et al. The patient is the final link in the medication administration chain and the only person who can avoid inappropriate medication use. Educating patients about the medicines they are given is an important part of prescribing and giving out medicines. Giving patients medication information can increase adherence and patient satisfaction, reduce treatment duplication and drug interactions, and prevent potentially fatal adverse drug reactions Davis et al. Patient medication knowledge has been characterized as knowing the drug name, purpose, administration schedule, adverse effects, or special instructions Ascione et al. Doctors and pharmacists in Pakistan study medicine in English, and the labeling of medications provided to patients is likewise done in English, even though the majority of patients, particularly those attending government hospitals, speak Urdu, Pashtu, or Balochi. Perera et al. The importance of native language in health communication has also been demonstrated in other contexts Wong and Wang, One of the findings of the current study that concerned me was that knowledge about the potential side effects of medicine was not known to the majority. Poor medication knowledge can have severe ramifications, such as nonadherence and misinterpreting the significance of side effects. The findings could be comparable to how patients benefit from knowing about the potential side effects of medications so that they can notice them early and report them to their doctors. According to a Canadian study, experiencing adverse effects frequently leads to medication termination Yee et al. A study conducted in North India found that providing relevant medicine-related information, including information about side effects, is critical to maintaining drug therapy continuation Singh et al. The current study showed that the majority of respondents did not know about ADR. Adverse drug reactions ADRs are a major source of morbidity and mortality in medication use. This was comparable to another study in which patients were also asked about adverse events that needed to be reported. The information provided by manufacturers of pharmaceutical products is an important source of knowledge for consumers, as it can provide valuable insights into the safe and effective use of these products. However, evidence suggests that this information is often poorly understood and underutilized by consumers. This is particularly concerning given the potential health risks associated with incorrect or incomplete medication-use information. One of the most important things for a treatment plan is for the patient to understand the drugs they are taking. Inadequate medication knowledge can have major repercussions, including nonadherence and an incorrect understanding of the importance of side effects. The study further concluded that purchase on prescription was a determining factor in knowledge regarding pharmaceutical products and their provided information, medicine usage and safety, and medication ADRs. To achieve this, we carefully selected our sample based on predetermined inclusion criteria and focused on individuals who had visited community pharmacies. By targeting individuals who had sought medical advice or treatment from community pharmacies, we aimed to capture a specific subgroup of the population relevant to our research objectives. Community pharmacies play a significant role in providing accessible healthcare services to a diverse range of individuals, making them an important setting for our study. By sampling individuals who had utilized these services, we sought to gain insights into their experiences and opinions regarding healthcare provision in community pharmacies. We recognize that achieving a representative sample can be challenging, and various factors can influence representativeness. However, our sampling approach was designed to maximize the relevance and applicability of our findings within the context of individuals seeking medical advice or treatment from community pharmacies. We strived to minimize sampling bias by employing specific inclusion criteria and targeting individuals who had visited community pharmacies, ensuring relevance and representativeness to our research objectives. While our sampling method may not capture the perspectives of the entire population, it provides valuable insights into a specific subgroup of individuals who actively seek healthcare services from community pharmacies. By focusing on this group, we can shed light on their experiences and opinions, contributing to a better understanding of healthcare provision in community pharmacy settings. We carefully selected respondents based on predetermined inclusion criteria to capture insights from a relevant population subgroup. While acknowledging the limitations inherent in any sampling method, we believe that our approach provides valuable insights that contribute to understanding healthcare provision in community pharmacy settings. The study showed that a significant proportion of the population lacked basic knowledge about medicines, their uses, and the potential risks associated with their use. This lack of awareness can lead to the inappropriate use of medications, which can increase the risk of adverse drug reactions. Self-medication and purchasing prescription drugs without a valid prescription are common practices in certain areas of Pakistan, particularly those with limited access to healthcare resources. These practices pose a serious risk to the health of individuals, as prescription drugs may not be suitable for their condition and may have adverse effects, leading to complications. To address this issue, increasing awareness among the general public about the risks of self-medication and the importance of obtaining a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider before purchasing prescription drugs is crucial. Regulatory bodies and the government must also implement strict regulations and laws to prevent the sale of prescription drugs without a valid prescription and enforce penalties for those who engage in such practices. In conclusion, raising awareness and implementing effective regulations are necessary to ensure the safe and appropriate use of prescription drugs in Pakistan. Individuals must seek medical advice and obtain a valid prescription before purchasing prescription drugs and only purchase medications from licensed pharmacies to avoid the risk of counterfeit or adulterated drugs. Regulatory agencies in Balochistan should be adequately staffed and funded to oversee the safety and efficacy of medications is a valid point and warrants further discussion. The role of regulatory bodies in Balochistan is critical in ensuring that medications are safe and effective for use by consumers. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Faculty of pharmacy and Health Sciences. AN and SR contributed to the design and conception of the study. MT, SR wrote the sections of Manuscript. GK and MS wrote the first draft of the manuscript. AK provided valuable input during the design and conception phase of the study. TR played a pivotal role in overseeing the data collection process. MY contributed to the analysis and interpretation of the data. NH supervised the study. NA, ZD, and GR co-supervised the research, data collection and completed required ethical requirements. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Front Pharmacol. Public awareness regarding the manufacturer provided information about medicine usage, safety, and adverse drug reactions in Balochistan, Pakistan Gullab Khan Gullab Khan 1 Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan. Find articles by Gullab Khan. Find articles by Noman Haq. Find articles by Nafees Ahmad. Find articles by Aqeel Nasim. Find articles by Asma Javaid. Find articles by Mujhammad Saood. Find articles by Riffat Yasmin. Find articles by Maria Tahir. Find articles by Sohail Riaz. Find articles by Zeeshan Danish. Find articles by Ghulam Razzaq. Find articles by Abdullah Khan. Find articles by Muhammad Younis. Find articles by Tahmina Rabbani. Received Mar 21; Accepted May 16; Collection date Demographics Frequency Percentage Gender Female Open in a new tab. Variable Frequency Percentage Purchase on prescription or without No prescription Always Yes Any effect from the medication Always 56 4. Asking the physician Asking the pharmacist 58 5. Variable Good knowledge Poor knowledge Knowledge of pharmaceutical products and their provided information Click here for additional data file. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. If not in Urdu language, would you want it to be given in Urdu language? How much and how often should the medicine be taken, and how long the course of treatment will last. What other medicines or food should be avoided while taking this medicine. Any risks to the mother and the fetus or the infant from the use of the medicine during pregnancy or breast-feeding. Information on in-use shelf-life after dilution, reconstitution, or first opening, expiry. Do you find the patient information leaflet difficult to understand? Which of the following resources do you use to search or ask about ADR? Knowledge of pharmaceutical products and their provided information.

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Photo: Dunya News 14 November, pm Dunya News — With drugs being sold out in the open — by the bank of a sewage that flows through the city of Quetta, a rise in the popularity of narcotics among the elderly and the young, women and children has been recorded. The addicts also include government officials. With their faces covered, the officials visit the vicinity to buy drugs that include heroin, crystal meth and hash. Photo: Dunya News. While the exchange of drugs has been going on for decades in the area, the addicts say that the sale of drugs is common all across the city. In a bid to put an end to this vicious cycle, the police have carried out multiple operations in the locality. But addicts manage to flee the scene at the time of the raid, only to gather again to consume drugs. The police claims to have transferred hundreds of drug addicts to rehabilitation centres. Freedom of expression threatened more seriously in Gaza than in any recent conflict, UN expert says What's next for Hamas after its leader Yahya Sinwar's death? Cuba grid collapses again, hurricane heaps on misery Erdogan rival Gulen dies in exile at Quetta's addiction hub. Related News. Mengal refuses to become part of constitutional amendment. Balochistan govt unveils security plan for national highways. Chinese premier could inaugurate Beijing-funded airport in Pakistan during visit. Dr Mahrang Baloch booked over terror charges. Dunya News. Sports World Pakistan. Video Headlines. News Video Headlines. Covid News. PSL 7. Roznama Dunya Sunday Magazine. Follow Us. News Archive. Contact us. Advertise with us. English Blog. Urdu Blog. Public Opinion. Do you think creating smaller provinces will improve governance and development in Pakistan? Give Your Opinion.

Buying MDMA pills Quetta