Buying Heroin Portugal

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Buying Heroin Portugal

In July , Portugal decriminalized the personal use and possession of all illicit drugs. This contention is based primarily on the findings published in a Cato Institute report. Supporting Analysis Not Definitive: The Cato Institute report does not discuss the statistical significance of the data shifts it highlights, sometimes focusing on prevalence rate changes as small as 0. Fails to Recognize Other Factors: The report attributes favorable trends as a direct result of decriminalization without acknowledging, for example, the decline in drug-related deaths that began prior to decriminalization. In a similar vein, the report emphasizes decreases in lifetime prevalence rates for the age group from to and for heroin use in the age group from to But, once again, it downplays increases in the lifetime prevalence rates for the age group between and , and for the age group between and More data are required before drawing any firm conclusions, and ultimately these conclusions may only apply to Portugal and its unique circumstances, such as its history of disproportionately high rates of heroin use. Download PDF. Skip to main content Skip to footer site map. A Case Study for Legalization? Limitations in Current Research Supporting Analysis Not Definitive: The Cato Institute report does not discuss the statistical significance of the data shifts it highlights, sometimes focusing on prevalence rate changes as small as 0. Past-month prevalence figures show increases from to in cocaine and LSD use in the Portuguese general population as well as increases in cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamine use in the age group. Drug-induced deaths, which decreased in Portugal from in to in , climbed to in — a number significantly higher than the deaths recorded when decriminalization started in

Drug Decriminalization in Portugal: Challenges and Limitations

Buying Heroin Portugal

The drug policy of Portugal , informally called the 'drug strategy' , was put in place in , and came into effect in July The policy consisted of multiple methods to reduce the spread of HIV, among which were harm reduction efforts, information to the public and in particular to populations most at risk about how HIV is spread, establishing treatment facilities and easier access to substitution treatment for drug addicts, establishing so-called dissuasion commissions to persuade drug addicts to go into treatment, and all drug treatment and control units were reorganized into one comprehensive unit. In addition, the existing practice of giving drug addicts a waiver for drug possession was codified in a new law. However, for persons addicted to said drug, their case was now deemed an administrative offence. Portugal's first major drug laws were enacted in \[ 3 \] and , \[ 4 \] mainly incorporating into domestic law the International Opium Convention. Estimates for the late s determined there were between fifty and sixty thousand drug addicts out of a population of 10 million. There were 2, new cases a year, in a country of 10 million people. The number of heroin users was estimated to be between 50, and , at the end of the s. A vast expansion of harm reduction efforts, doubling the investment of public funds in drug treatment and drug prevention services, and changing the legal framework dealing with minor drug offences were the main elements of the policy thrust. The policy was, however, initially opposed by right-wing politicians, who feared it would turn Portugal into a narco-state. The needle exchange programme, 'Say NO! All drug users can exchange used syringes at pharmacy counters across the country. They get a kit with clean needle syringes, a condom, rubbing alcohol and a written message motivating for AIDS prevention and addiction treatment. From to , pharmacies delivered around three million syringes annually. Several low threshold projects were initiated after , particularly in the period , where outreach teams have promoted safe injection practices and supplied needles and injecting equipment on the street. Many of these projects are still running. Project objectives have been threefold: To reduce frequency of sharing needles and syringes, to change other IDU Intravenous Drug User behaviors that create negative attitudes among the population in general, and to change attitudes towards IDUs in the general population to facilitate addiction prevention and treatment. In , the Centro das Taipas in Lisbon was created, an institution specialising in the treatment of drug addicts. This centre consisted of a consultation service, a day centre and a patient detoxification unit. This facility was the responsibility of the Ministry of Health, and was the first in the network of centres specialising in treating drug addiction which now covers the whole country. Healthcare for drug users in Portugal is organised mainly through the public network services of treatment for illicit substance dependence , under the Institute on Drugs and Drug Addiction, and the Ministry of Health. In addition to public services, certification and protocols between NGOs and other public or private treatment services ensure a wide access to quality-controlled services encompassing several treatment modalities. The public services provided are free of charge and accessible to all drug users who seek treatment. There are 73 specialised treatment facilities public and certified private therapeutic communities , 14 detoxification units, 70 public outpatient facilities and 13 accredited day centres. Portugal is divided into 18 districts. Substitution treatment is today widely available in Portugal, through public services such as specialized treatment centers, health centers, hospitals and pharmacies as well as NGOs and non-profit organizations. The Portuguese substitution program started in in Oporto. However, the increase in numbers of drug addicts including an 'explosion' at the beginning of the s , together with the growth of AIDS and hepatitis C among this population, led to a change in attitude. After , methadone-substitution programs were extended to several CATs Centres of Assistance to drug addicts. Overall, the programmes were medium or high threshold. With the exception of occasional activities in a slum area in Lisbon, there were no true low-threshold programs risk- and harm reduction prior to The remaining patients received high dosage buprenorphine treatment. From , there was also the provision of buprenorphine in pharmacies. A national treatment monitoring system is being developed but has not yet been implemented in all regions. National routine statistics from outpatient centres on substitution clients are available for clients in methadone and buprenorphine programmes. In July , a new law maintained the status of illegality for using or possessing any drug for personal use without authorization. The offense was changed from a criminal one, with prison as a possible punishment, to an administrative one if the amount possessed was no more than a ten-day supply of that substance. Drug addicts were then to be aggressively targeted with therapy or community service rather than fines or waivers. Possession has remained prohibited by Portuguese law, and criminal penalties are still applied to drug growers, dealers and traffickers. Individuals found in possession of small quantities of drugs are issued summons. These commissions are made up of three people: A social worker, a psychiatrist, and an attorney. There is one CDT in each of Portugal's 18 districts. The committees have a broad range of sanctions available to them when ruling on the drug use offence. These include:. If the person is addicted to drugs, they may be admitted to a drug rehabilitation facility or be given community service, if the dissuasion committee finds that this better serves the purpose of keeping the offender out of trouble. The committee cannot mandate compulsory treatment, although its orientation is to induce addicts to enter and remain in treatment. The committee has the explicit power to suspend sanctions conditional upon voluntary entry into treatment. If the offender is not addicted to drugs, or unwilling to submit to treatment or community service, he or she may be given a fine. For example, in , there were 3, commission hearings on drug use. The remaining 2. Arrest rates dropped to zero, because there were no longer any criminal penalties attached to possession. Every year, Portuguese law enforcement bodies confiscate several tonnes of cocaine, with a record amount of more than A regular increase in quantities of cannabis resin seized could also be observed over recent years, though there has been a recent decline between 61 tonnes and 23 tonnes. There is little reliable information about drug use, injecting behaviour or addiction treatment in Portugal before , when general population surveys commenced. Thorough studies on how the various efforts have been implemented were not conducted. Thus, a causal effect between strategy efforts and these developments cannot be firmly established. In Portugal, recreational use of cannabis is forbidden by law. In July , legislation was signed into law to allow for the medical use of cannabis in Portugal and its dispensation at pharmacies. Portugal signed all the UN conventions on narcotics and psychotropic to date. With the decriminalization bill, the consumer is now regarded as a patient and not as a criminal having the amount usually used for ten days of personal use is not a punishable crime. According to the libertarian think tank Cato Institute , illegal drug use among Portuguese teenagers declined after , and 45 percent of the country's heroin addicts sought medical treatment. The cultivation of cannabis , even on a very small-scale home grown basis for personal use only, can legally be prosecuted. However, an unknown number of enthusiasts of small-scale home-cultivation grow the plants with a high degree of secrecy due to the legal punishment they could face if prosecuted, and due to potential social stigma as well. In neighboring Spain, small-scale cultivation of cannabis plants for personal use only, is tolerated by the authorities and there are many grow shops across the country selling their products physically and online. In another update to the 'Portuguese drugs law' brought the criminalization of the possession of cannabis seeds, except certified industrial hemp seed. This law made the buying of cannabis seeds from legal and financially transparent online cannabis seed shops based in other European Union member states, such as neighboring Spain or the Netherlands, an unlawful transaction when performed by Portuguese residents. The provision of seeds and tools to produce and consume cannabis is also illegal in the country. Production and distribution of hemp products is legal but regulated. There are a small number of hemp shops in Portugal and hemp products are legal. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Overview of the drug policy of Portugal. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: No statistics or evaluation of these policies are given past Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. August Drug use in Portugal prior to \[ edit \]. Status in \[ edit \]. Harm reduction \[ edit \]. Main article: Harm reduction. Expanding drug treatment \[ edit \]. Substitution treatment \[ edit \]. After-care and social re-integration \[ edit \]. Monitoring drug treatment \[ edit \]. Laws and regulations \[ edit \]. Regulation \[ edit \]. Law enforcement \[ edit \]. Observations \[ edit \]. This section needs to be updated. October Table and chart comparing countries \[ edit \]. Legal status of cannabis in Portugal \[ edit \]. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. December Learn how and when to remove this message. See also: Cannabis in Portugal. Consumption and possession \[ edit \]. Cultivation and distribution \[ edit \]. See also \[ edit \]. References \[ edit \]. Archived from the original PDF on 6 February Retrieved 6 February Retrieved 27 July Congress of the Republic. Government of Portugal. Retrieved 28 January PMID Drug and Alcohol Review. Hodder, UK. BBC News. Retrieved 21 August Confronting unintended consequences: Drug control and the criminal black market PDF. United Nations. ISBN CiteSeerX S2CID Retrieved 24 August Archived from the original on 15 August JSTOR Archived from the original PDF on 25 July Retrieved 11 June Cato Institute. Retrieved 14 February Scientific American. British Journal of Criminology. Oxford University Press Archived from the original PDF on 21 August Archived from the original on 27 July Retrieved 25 March International Journal of Drug Policy. Scotland's drug death crisis in six charts. See table of yearly drug deaths by country there. External links \[ edit \]. Drug laws, policies, and regulations. Bangladesh India Laos South Korea. Canada cannabis United States alcohol , cannabis , harm reduction , psilocybin Mexico cannabis. Regulation of therapeutic goods. Categories : Drug policy of Portugal Drug policy reform Portuguese criminal law. Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title CS1 Portuguese-language sources pt CS1 maint: date and year Webarchive template wayback links CS1 errors: periodical ignored Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from September Articles needing additional references from March All articles needing additional references Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August All Wikipedia articles in need of updating Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November Articles needing additional references from December Articles with Portuguese-language sources pt. 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Buying Heroin Portugal