Buying Heroin Marrakech

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Buying Heroin Marrakech

Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Please address correspondence to the author. Email: khalid. Disaggregated data are not available on the number of prisoners serving sentences for use, possession, or trafficking charges. For almost half a century, between —when the Narcotics Act entered into force—and , there were no reported judicial precedents for people charged with using drugs being sentenced to compulsory treatment. This changed in November , when a judge sentenced an individual arrested for drug use to undergo compulsory treatment. This viewpoint essay contextualizes the recent compulsory drug treatment order within the evolving national drug policy ecosystem and explores how the court decision may influence the future imposition of compulsory treatment in Morocco. Reliable data on drug use in Morocco are challenging to source. The only comprehensive national survey to date, conducted in , estimates the annual prevalence of illegal drug use in Morocco to be 4. In , a decade after gaining independence, Morocco ratified the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of ; in , it ratified the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of ; and in , it ratified the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic of Under this law, people who use drugs as confirmed by urine tests after being arrested by the police or denounced are liable to prison sentences between two and twelve months, while those charged with possession for personal use risk prison sentences between five and ten years, regardless of whether the quantity carried is small. The legal framework also allows for dropping criminal charges if the individual is sentenced to compulsory treatment of one to three months. However, in practice, people arrested for using drugs rarely receive compulsory treatment sentences. Stigma and discrimination against people who use drugs are widespread. This includes psychological and physical mistreatment by police officers. In the last few years, there have been attempts to move the national approach toward a health-based management of illegal drug use. For example, the — National Strategic Plan for Prevention and Care of Addictive Disorders aims to increase investments in treatment both abstinence-based and substitution therapies ; however, it does not distinguish between occasional consumers and people with drug use disorders. The most recent drug policy reform is the medical and industrial cannabis use act Cannabis Licit Uses Act , adopted in July This latest reform is not expected to significantly influence Moroccan drug policy, since it does not include provisions to decriminalize recreational cannabis consumption. The quality of treatment and management of dependence and drug use in Morocco remains problematic. Nevertheless, existing services remain extremely limited and are struggling to respond to demand, leading to long waiting lists for enrollment. At the same time, the number of drug dependence treatment facilities in public hospitals, including residential facilities where people in compulsory treatment are kept against their will and where consumers of all substances are forced to undergo abstinence, has grown in recent years, reaching 16 centers in These facilities function without specific guidelines, with each unit allowed to choose its methods and lengths of treatment. The judge decided that by denying compulsory treatment, and by not informing the person arrested of this existing provision in the law, the prosecution ignored article 8 of the Narcotics Act of The court concluded that all criminal charges should be dropped once the person undergoes mandatory treatment as punishment for drug use. The agreement therefore seems more related to avoiding incarceration and infringes the right to health since coercive medical treatments should be reserved as a last resort for the most serious mental health conditions or to control the spread of infectious diseases. Evidence-based and human rights-informed drug policy reform has been slow in Morocco. The implementation of harm reduction services has been introduced to enhance the reduction of HIV transmission among people who inject drugs. A decade later, the country has legalized the medical use of cannabis to respond to the social and economic issues of cannabis farmers. Nevertheless, these reforms are limited and low-priority. Moroccan drug law and practice remain focused primarily on the prohibition of illegal drugs and the enforcement of abstinence from drug use, without specific attention to mitigating the negative consequences of prohibition on people who use drugs. In order to avoid a judicial reliance on compulsory treatment, the scale-up and increased coverage of evidence-based harm reduction services, advocacy for the decriminalization of drug use and possession of small quantities carried for personal consumption, and the repeal of legal provisions allowing for coerced treatment must be brought back onto the political agenda. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Health Hum Rights. Find articles by Khalid Tinasti. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel.

‘Outlaws’: Morocco’s Rif provides refuge for cannabis farmers

Buying Heroin Marrakech

For centuries, the mountains of the Rif, which extends from the city of Tangier up to the eastern border with Algeria, have been a centre of cannabis farming. Morocco is to this day the biggest producer of cannabis resin in the world, according to the United Nations. When someone agrees to buy his product, Mourad goes down the hill and hides behind bushes to avoid the stares of passers-by and finalise the deal. Cannabis is widespread in the region, but its sale for recreational use remains illegal, and those found guilty — both buyers and sellers — may be imprisoned. But a slow liberalisation is taking place. In July in an effort to improve the economy of one of the poorest regions in Morocco, the kingdom decided to officially approve a bill legalising the production of cannabis for industrial, medicinal and cosmetic uses in the three provinces of the Rif while also creating a National Regulation Agency for Cannabis Activities ANRAC to monitor the production of legal cannabis. If I am forced to switch to legal production, I will, but if most of my neighbours continue to produce cannabis illegally, I will do like them. But I am aware this might be my last year producing cannabis illegally. As night falls, Mourad leaves the modest house he built after getting married and climbs higher into the mountains to reach a second cannabis plantation that he owns. He sleeps there every night to make sure no one comes to steal his precious commodity. In the Rif, economic opportunities are indeed more limited than the rest of the country due to the mountainous geography and historically difficult ties with the state. Those issues led in to the Hirak Rif Movement, popular uprisings that called for socioeconomic reforms, before being ultimately clamped down on by security forces. Since the establishment of the Republic of the Rif by Abdelkrim Khattabi in as well as popular and military uprisings against the monarchy after independence, the Rif people have been perceived as hostile towards the Moroccan state. According to figures given by the Ministry of Interior to the Agence France-Presse news agency in , at least , people, including 90, families, lived off the production of cannabis in Morocco. Up to now, the local farmers who have made the choice to grow cannabis legally are still few. According to Khalid Mouna, a Moroccan anthropologist, professor and author with a focus on the Rif and kif, the small-scale local farmers might indeed become the ones who will be left behind by the new law. With the harvest season beginning in September, the cannabis farmers of the Rif will have to face what might be a conundrum. Either they enter the new legal framework set out by the government or remain operating outside the law. By Sania Mahyou. Published On 28 Jul 28 Jul Sponsored Content.

Buying Heroin Marrakech