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This document provides an overview of the economic ties between Taiwan and Los Angeles County. The report also highlights the strong cultural and personal connections between the two regions, including over 45, Taiwanese residents in Los Angeles County. It concludes by recommending ways to strengthen the economic partnership further in key industries like green technology, biotech, and aerospace. Read less. AI-enhanced description. Download now Download to read offline. More Related Content. Taiwan and LA County Report 1. Kleinhenz, Ph. Flower St. LAEDC is a private, non-profit c 3 organization established in County businesses at no cost, including coordinating site searches, securing incentives and permits, and identifying traditional and nontraditional financing including industrial development bonds. Economic Information Through our public information and for-fee research, the LAEDC provides critical economic analysis to business decision makers, education, media, and government. We publish a wide variety of industry focused and regional analysis, and our Economic Forecast report, produced by the Kyser Center for Economic Research, has been ranked 1 by the Wall Street Journal. Economic Consulting The LAEDC consulting practice offers thoughtful, highly regarded economic and policy expertise to private- and public-sector clients. The LAEDC takes a flexible approach to problem solving, supplementing its in-house staff when needed with outside firms and consultants. Global Connections The World Trade Center Los Angeles-Long Beach works to support the development of international trade and business opportunities for Southern California companies as the leading international trade association, trade service organization and trade resource in Los Angeles County. It also promotes the Los Angeles region as a destination for foreign investment. For more information, please visit www. County Firms 62 Taiwanese Firms in L. Focus on attracting Los Angeles County companies that are looking to locate their Asian headquarters, distribution centers, and sales offices in Taiwan. Both sides should also work to consider ways, for example, to use free trade agreements such as the TPP along with a bilateral investment agreement BIA as a booster to further promote an even closer economic partnership based on mutual interests. The strong bond has greatly impacted the development of both places. It is critical to highlight how these ties and mutual benefits can be better understood and appreciated as a foundation upon which a brighter future can be built in order for both places to continue this mutually beneficial relationship. According to the most recent U. However, the majority of the Taiwanese and Taiwanese-American community is concentrated in Los Angeles County, which has 45, persons who are Taiwanese or of Taiwanese decent. The Taiwanese Economy The Taiwanese economic miracle refers to the rapid economic development of Taiwan that began earlier in the last century. Economic globalization altered the way international business was conducted. Global production methods were revolutionized as a direct result of new technology and reduced transportation costs. International trade and foreign direct investment increased substantially, and maximizing global supply chain efficiencies became the highest priority for global companies. As a result, Taiwan became a vital participant in the global economy, dominating the information and communications technologies ICT , and electronics industries. Taiwan has solidified its place in the high-tech space of the global economy over the past 20 years to become an instrumental part of global supply chains. Due to its strategic location, Taiwan is a hub for East Asian transportation and the logistics. California has the highest amount of exports to Taiwan of all the states in the U. Total U. From a volume or container perspective, total loaded inbound and outbound TEUs declined by 3. Investment Ties In a comprehensive multi-country study of foreign direct investment in Los Angeles County that was completed in , the LAEDC identified Taiwanese-owned business establishments in The study estimated the economic impact of Taiwanese investment in the county. Biotechnology will be another key area. Also, medical devices and pharmaceuticals have been targeted for investment by both the government and private sector in Taiwan. Other key industries that are likely to attract Taiwanese investment include entertainment, tourism, logistics, food, culture and creativity. Business Ties Taiwan represents a 23 million consumer market, but with its superior location, it serves as a gateway and hub for all of Asia, which includes Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, all of Southeast Asia particularly Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia and the rest of the Pacific Rim. The business opportunities are vast for international companies who wish to invest or expand in Taiwan, into Mainland China maximizing the benefits of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement that went into effect in between Taiwan and Mainland China and beyond to the entire Pacific- Rim region. In addition, multinational corporations have altered international business patterns along with international relations. Taiwan has been an attractive market as it has experienced strong economic growth rates over the past few decades. As the leading gateway to the Pacific Rim, California and more specifically Los Angeles County has emerged as the natural center of Asian-American economic, business, educational and cultural exchanges. Los Angeles County has the largest number of Taiwanese students of any county in the U. The economic impact to the region includes tuition fees, living expenses and real estate investment by the parents of these students. In addition to the educational ties, there are other personal connections between the two regions, including significant cultural ties and network ties. Los Angeles region is home to more people of Taiwanese descent than anywhere else in the United States. The total number of Taiwanese living within Los Angeles County in was 45, according to the U. The surrounding counties also contain large numbers of Taiwanese- Americans particularly Orange County. Network ties include prominent national organizations that focus on increasing and promoting U. These organizations provide beneficial services that lead to increased integration between Taiwan and Los Angeles County. The Future of the Relationship Trade flows between California and Taiwan are expected to increase during the coming years. The Taiwanese government is pursuing trade liberalization polices as a means to sustain economic growth. In the near-term, the Taiwanese economy will continue to be heavily reliant on exports to Mainland China. Specific to trade between Taiwan and Los Angeles County, the largest potential areas for growth are in green tech, electronics, ICT, biotech, aerospace and defense, medical instruments, entertainment, creative industries, machinery, pharmaceuticals, and tourism. Additionally, the San Pedro Bay ports serve as the conduit for other goods shipping from California particularly agricultural products and primary metal products. The outlook for foreign direct investment from Taiwan into Los Angeles County is solid. Taiwanese companies are especially attracted to the Los Angeles area because of its broad economic base and business infrastructure. The outlook for foreign direct investment from Los Angeles County into Taiwan is also encouraging. Attributes that make Taiwan an attractive place to invest are its ties with Mainland China and its strategic location. Conclusions Los Angeles County and Taiwan have developed a dynamic and mutually beneficial relationship. As two-way trade expands, the potential for an increase in investment flows also rises. Significant foreign direct investment opportunities exist in the renewable energy, technology, biotechnology, pharmaceutical and especially in the creative industries. In conclusion, the future holds great potential for the Taiwan- Los Angeles County relationship. The world will continue to look to Taiwan as the global supply chain and economic leader in ICT and computer products. Together, Los Angeles County and Taiwan can take the lead on several pressing global issues such as renewable energy and climate change as Los Angeles County is best positioned to capitalize based on state leadership on this issue and the state policies already in existence. The relationship between Taiwan and Los Angeles County is based on strong business, financial and cultural ties. Over the years, Taiwanese-Americans have made an indelible impact on the socio-economic fabric of the Los Angeles region. The connections that have been forged in the past and the new possibilities that will open up in the future are featured in this report. Overview of Report The objective of this report is to describe the long-established, deep and growing ties between Taiwan officially, The Republic of China and Los Angeles County. This report provides a comprehensive look at the relationship between Taiwan and Los Angeles County. It begins with the historical ties and then takes a close look at the Taiwanese economy. Next, the analysis details the economic links between the two and focuses on the critical trade links. Fourth, the report explains the significant role played by Foreign Direct Investment FDI and cites investment prospects for the future. Fifth, the study examines the business and financial links between the two areas by profiling firms that are based in Los Angeles County and active in Taiwan as well as major Taiwanese firms with a presence in Los Angeles County. Sixth, the report highlights the personal connections between Taiwan and Los Angeles County, including educational, cultural and network ties. The final sections of the report describe challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for this partnership and presents recommendations to further solidify the relationship. All four economies pursued a similar economic development path initially that included protectionist trade policies and industrialization based on import substitution. These policies included import substitution, gradual economic reforms, opening up markets and export extensions. Based on data from IHS Global Insight1 , over the thirty year period from to , the Taiwanese economy grew by an average of 8. Economic growth improved the living standards of Taiwanese citizens. Moreover, the Gini Coefficient3 , which measures income inequality in an economy, fell from 0. The GINI coefficient ranges in value from 0 to 1. Lower values correspond to a more even distribution of income, with 0 representing perfect income equality. It may be used to compare income inequality over time and across economies. It is the second largest information and communications technology ICT hardware manufacturing country in the world. American firms particularly computer related companies in the Silicon Valley have invested heavily in Taiwan in order to benefit from the technological expertise of the nation. The U. If it were a separate state, Los Angeles County would be the eighth largest by population. County population 10 million Asian population roughly 1. Among its many strengths are its post-secondary educational institutions, openness to new ideas, and technological innovation. Video game developers also have a strong and growing presence in the greater Los Angeles region. Los Angeles County is also a manufacturing center. It has the largest number of manufacturing business establishments and the highest manufacturing employment in the nation. Additionally, globalization and geography have combined to make Los Angeles the international trade capital of the U. The Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach make up the largest port complex in the nation and the Western Hemisphere in terms of both cargo tonnage and containers handled. Los Angeles International Airport is the largest origin and destination non-connecting flights airport in the world, and the sixth busiest in terms of passengers. Los Angeles County has been a leader in advancing green technologies as well, ranking first in the nation in new energy patents. California led the nation in green investment in as it has for many years. This trend is expected to continue in the coming years. Feeding innovative ideas and talent into the business community, these institutions have enabled Los Angeles County to become a leader in technology innovation and bio-medical research. It has a larger consular corps 99 nations are represented than any other U. In addition, more than languages and cultures are represented across the county. Because of its personal, cultural, and business ties, no other area of the U. County Growth Projections Population State Department. Taiwan and the U. Both countries share the common values of freedom, democracy, and respect for human rights. In the recent decades, common economic interests have further strengthened these ties as the two countries have come together to focus on economic development, international trade and commerce, and social and cultural development. In the same vein, the State of California and the County of Los Angeles have developed a strong, mutually-beneficial social and economic relationship with Taiwan. California and Los Angeles County have benefitted from several waves of immigration from Taiwan into the U. From the s to , the majority of Taiwanese immigrants who came to the U. The Immigration Act of enabled Taiwanese workers who were skilled in technical and scientific professions to immigrate more easily to the U. Consequently, Taiwanese began to immigrate to the U. Between and , approximately , Taiwanese immigrated to the U. Most of these immigrants were business professionals and students, but many were women who came to work in the garment industry or service sector industries. A decade later, The Immigration Act of gave preference to foreigners willing to invest in new businesses in the U. Subsequently, the next wave of Taiwanese immigrants started businesses in the U. During this time, Taiwan received a significant number of refugees from Mainland China who migrated to Taiwan to escape conflict and the newly established Communist government. Taiwan also received large inflows of aid from the United States during the early stages of its economic development. During this decade, the government also embarked on a program of privatization and land reform. A major priority for the government was investment in research and development. This led to the creation of science and technology centers to support industrialization and innovation. During this time, the government instituted policies to support a move from labor- intensive industries to more capital-intensive industries such as iron, steel and automobile manufacturing, while continuing to support previously established light manufacturing industries. The Taiwanese were extremely successful in this endeavor and were soon competing directly with Japan and South Korea. Its success was built on a foundation of investment, innovation, brand recognition and the development of an educated workforce. The Economic Miracle The Taiwanese miracle refers to the rapid economic development of Taiwan that began earlier in the last century. All four economies pursued a similar economic development path that initially emphasized protectionist trade policies and industrialization based on import substitution. However, Taiwan economic development strategy also included a significant amount of investment in public infrastructure as well as other critical factors. These other instrumental factors were really a combination of political, economic and social forces. Between and , industrial production expanded by nearly percent. Per capita GDP in Taiwan has been on par with high-income advanced economies such as Germany, Canada and Australia since the late s. Moreover, the Gini Coefficient, a measure income distribution, fell from 0. Additionally, as this report will demonstrate, Los Angeles County is the epicenter of the U. The Taiwanese export-led model, which has been dominated by its electronics industries, has fueled eight percent annual growth rates over the last three decades. Over time, Taiwanese electronics assembly operations have been shifting to Mainland China, which explains a large part of the increase in two-way trade flows between the two nations. Mainland China is also the largest destination for Taiwanese investment. This is the result of Taiwanese computer products assembly and manufacturing relocating to Mainland China to take advantage of lower costs and fewer trade barriers. President Ma of Taiwan played an instrumental role in improving relations with Mainland China and the ECFA was one of his signature accomplishments in reaching this objective. The Taiwanese government expects the ECFA and its follow-up agreements to create upwards of , jobs and to improve economic growth by 1. In addition, it is believed that this agreement will further peace and prosperity between the two nations. An extension of the ECFA incorporating services was finalized in Mainland China made 80 market access commitments to Taiwan, while Taiwan made 64 commitments to Mainland China. The expanded agreement includes sectors related to commerce, telecommunications, construction, distribution, environment, health, tourism, entertainment, culture, sports, transportation and finance. This agreement marks a new level for cross-strait economic and trade cooperation. Under the service trade deal, the threshold for market access will be lowered for service providers from both sides and more favorable policies will be formulated to boost cross-strait cooperation in service industries. The service trade agreement has stipulated basic service trade principles, rights and obligations, the orientation of development and relevant working mechanisms for both sides. However, a weaker Taiwanese dollar and increased demand from the United States helped to strengthen the economy through the third quarter of GDP expanded by 3. South Korea has become a rival to Taiwan with its electronics firms earning higher margins, greater product brand recognition, speed to market, and research and development investment. The biggest problems facing Taiwanese companies are lack of name recognition, reliance upon other companies for final demand as opposed to consumer , and thin margins for its largest companies. Japanese actions to weaken the yen have added yet another layer of competition. Continuing to support research and development to improve the competitiveness of its industries is also important. Developing the services sector would help diversify an economy heavily focused on manufacturing hi-technology electronics. Policies that promote workforce development, such a balanced approach to university education versus technical training are another tool available to policy makers. The long-term benefits for Taiwan would be substantial. Participation would provide greater access to its major export markets including the U. Agreements such as the TPP would alter the rules of trade within these supply chains, making it more advantageous to work with TPP participants and less beneficial to work with countries that are outside the agreement. Taiwan has an ageing population and a shrinking workforce. Participation in the TPP would create new opportunities and allow Taiwan to lessen its dependence upon Mainland China. Taiwan is ranked third in overall investment environment behind Switzerland and Singapore and ranked second in the Pacific- Rim region in investment environment based on a report by Business Environment Risk Intelligence BERI in With respect to political risk, Taiwan ranks amongst the lowest in the world at 10th place and 2nd-lowest in Asia, behind only Singapore. It is also the 18th largest trading entity in the world and the 10th largest economy among APEC members. Taiwan has also signed free trade agreements with important trading partners like Singapore and New Zealand. While Taiwan is already one of the best investment environments in the world, it continues to enact policies to make it more attractive. For example, the rules for reviewing foreign investment applications have been eased significantly. Also, in order to have more engagement with regional economic integration, Taiwan is reviewing its current laws and regulations in order to meet international standards. Beginning in January , Taiwan held individual dialogues with TPP members to further understand how Taiwan can get support from them for joining the TPP, while addressing their bilateral issues of concern with Taiwan. Because Taiwan is one of the key players in Asian-Pacific supply chains it must be an integral part of the TPP territory that has continued to evolve in recent years. Also, Taiwan is the hub of Asian transportation and the logistics center of East Asia. Its strategic geographic location in Asia makes the TPP unable to ignore when pursuing further economic integration in the region. It would be a mutually beneficial relationship and would allow for greater efficiencies and it would result in greater economic growth for the entire region. The top U. The top imports from Taiwan were computer and electronic products, fabricated metal products and transportation equipment. The rapid increase in U. Entry led directly to a decline in trade barriers between Taiwan and the U. Bilateral trade relations between the U. In addition, intellectual property rights IPRs have been a cause for concern but tensions have subsided in recent years. Some of these issues along with general trade issues have led to an increase in demand for legal services related to international trade between the two nations see the Business Ties — Law Firms section below for further detail. Beginning in the s, the U. In the s and s U. Total trade between the U. Trade officials get the opportunity to expand trade and investment links and deepen cooperation. In April , the U. The United States welcomed the concrete steps Taiwan authorities took in the months following the TIFA to improve trade secrets protection and address pharmaceutical issues. The two sides held in-depth discussions on a range of long-standing agricultural trade issues and agreed on the importance of making meaningful progress on these issues in order to deepen their overall trade ties. The Taiwan authorities outlined plans to devote necessary resources to strengthen intellectual property rights enforcement. The two sides recognized the need for further engagement on intellectual property protection, including critical area of online piracy, as well as on pharmaceutical and medical device issues over the next year. California is the U. With its location and ability to act as a gateway to Mainland China and the rest of the Asia-Pacific region, Taiwan will be very important for California and Los Angeles County as they become more closely tied to international trade. Los Angeles has been referred to as the capital of the Pacific Rim due to its deep connections with Asia. The economic ties between Southern California and Taiwan are unmatched by any other region in the United States. In recent years, the ports of Busan, Ningbo, Guangzhou, and Qingdao have surpassed the San Pedro ports in total container traffic. Based on figures, the San Pedro Bay ports are now the ninth busiest port complex in the world. Approximately six percent of two-way trade volumes at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are related to trade with Taiwan. International trade has become one of the most significant economic drivers for Southern California, creating hundreds of thousands of jobs. Based on recent estimates from the LAEDC, over , workers were employed in trade related industries includes transportation, logistics, and distribution in Los Angeles County alone. Southern California has transformed itself into a formidable hub for logistics and transportation stemming from its trade links with Taiwan, Asia and the world. For this reason and owing to its many other long ties to Taiwan and its people, the Los Angeles County region has moved into an important strategic position with regards to U. Three of the top five product categories experienced declines in including machinery down by Meanwhile, two of the top five categories expanded last year including transportation equipment and fabricated metal products. Other noteworthy gains included plastics, and rubber products and furniture. Meanwhile, five of the top 10 product categories declined. The most significant declines occurred in waste and scrap down by Located 20 miles south of downtown Los Angeles the POLA is situated on 7, acres of land, with 43 miles of waterfront, berths, 85 container cranes, 16 marinas and 23 cargo terminals, including dry and liquid bulk, container, breakbulk, automobile and omni facilities. The Port is also home to the World Cruise Center at Berths 93, which has more than a dozen cruise lines calling throughout the year. However, it is important to understand that a significant amount of these imports are from Taiwanese companies that have re-located to Mainland China over the past decade. The POLA is currently the sixteenth busiest port in the world. When combined with the adjacent Port of Long Beach, the resulting complex becomes the ninth busiest port facility in the world. Container volumes have more than doubled over the past decade. The POLA handled 7. The total cargo tonnage was In , 2, vessels arrived at the port and , automobiles were handled. The overwhelming majority of the total trade comes in the form of imports, mainly from Mainland China. However, a large percentage of those goods are related to Taiwanese companies manufacturing in Mainland China. Rounding out the top ten were furniture, toys, miscellaneous metal products, medical instruments, and iron and steel. These three exports were followed in the rankings by iron and steel products, plastics and plastic products, furniture, toys, miscellaneous metal products, medical instruments, and iron and steel. POLB is located 20 miles south of downtown Los Angeles and situated on 3, acres with 10 piers, 80 berths and 66 Post-panamex gantry cranes. The Port of Long Beach was the second busiest port in the U. It is the twenty-third busiest port in the world and part of the ninth busiest port complex when combined with the Port of Los Angeles. The POLB handled 6. The port serviced 5, vessels in and 75 million metric tons of cargo. In , , total loaded containers passed through the San Pedro Bay ports resulting from trade with Taiwan, representing 5. After hitting a record high in with , total loaded containers, the last two years have seen a decline in two-way trade with respect to Taiwan. In total loaded containers dropped by 3. The total number of containers attributed to trade with Taiwan is somewhat distorted. A significant amount of imports classified as Chinese imports are in reality Taiwanese products that were manufactured in Mainland China. As a result, container volumes likely underestimate the value of Taiwanese exports shipped to U. This is also true of activity with respect to Japan and South Korea. However, according to multiple sources, the amount of imports originating from Taiwanese companies located in Mainland China exceeds those that originate from Japanese or Korean companies located in Mainland China. These two exports were followed in the rankings by motor vehicles and parts, iron and steel products, and plastics and plastic products. It primarily handles high-value products such as medical instruments, electronics, and perishables. LAX has become a pivotal distribution center for cargo to and from Taiwan and the rest of the Pacific Rim. LAX was the fourteenth busiest cargo airport in the world in as it handled over 1. In , LAX handled In addition, LAX was ranked fourth in the world in aircraft movements in with nearly , take-offs and landings. More than 1, flights arrive and depart LAX daily carrying air cargo. Visa Waiver Program better known as the U. VWP, which allows Taiwanese citizens the ability to travel to the U. In , the number of Taiwanese tourists visiting Los Angeles reached , for the first time since Taiwan ranks as the eleventh largest overseas market for tourism in Los Angeles County. Average spending per tourist is among the largest of all international visitor groups. As a direct result of this growth in Taiwanese tourism, the San Gabriel Valley has experienced an economic transformation from visitor spending and investment. The Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, the second largest Buddhist temple and monastery in the western hemisphere, is another popular attraction for many Taiwanese tourists. The dramatic growth in tourism has encouraged new commercial developments that include hotels, restaurants, shopping centers and luxury retail. Some portions of the San Gabriel Valley avoided the worst effects of the Great Recession of because of the influxofTaiwanesetouristsandinvestment,particularlyinreal estate. Both residential and commercial real estate values have more than doubled over the past decade in parts of the San Gabriel Valley. This increase will benefit Los Angeles County hotels, restaurants, cultural venues, tourist attractions and luxury brand retailers, creating jobs and generate tax revenues for the benefit of Los Angeles County. These two airlines carried 7. Nearly , passengers departed or arrived via the two Taiwanese airlines in EVA Air carried both the largest number of passengers and the largest cargo tonnage between the two. Respondents from Taiwan had an average stay of The average travel party size was 1. Comparisons with Overseas Visitors The following are detailed trip and traveler characteristic respondent data from visitors of Taiwan to Los Angeles. The table includes trip and traveler characteristics of all overseas visitors to Los Angeles for comparative purposes. The Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport was the thirteenth busiest airport in the world and the tenth busiest in terms of international air freight. Los Angeles County-based architectural firm Nadel provided the design work for the new headquarters along with the training center. The company has 11, employees and operates over 1, flights weekly to 95 airports in 91 cities across Asia, Europe, Oceania and North America including Los Angeles. China Airlines also has Kaohsiung International Airport as a hub. It is part of the SkyTeam Alliance and has a fleet size of 80 planes. The company has thousands of employees and operates flights to 73 airports in cities across Asia, Europe, Oceania and North America including Los Angeles. The airline concentrates on one main Asian route including Kaohsiung-Bangkok. It is part of the Star Alliance and has a fleet size of 70 planes. The Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport is the tenth busiest airport in the world in terms of international air freight traffic. Download now.