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National Archives photo. By July , Germany had surrendered, and the war in Europe was over. Instead, American intelligence intercepts revealed that by August 2, Japan had already deployed more than , soldiers and thousands of suicide planes and boats on the island of Kyushu to meet the expected American invasion of Japan. Additional reports correctly surmised that the Japanese military intended to execute all American prisoners in Japan in the event of an Allied landing. These frightening figures portended a costlier battle for the United States than any previously fought during the war. By comparison, US forces suffered 49, casualties, including 12, men killed in action, when facing less than , Japanese soldiers during the battle for the island of Okinawa from April to June of American casualties on Okinawa weighed heavily on the minds of American planners who looked ahead to the invasion of Japan. This was the situation that confronted American President Harry S. Consequently, neither Truman nor any of his advisors ever debated if the atomic bombs should be used, only how and where they should be used. In the spring of , the American government convened a committee of scientists and military officers to determine how best to use the bombs. This group unanimously declared that there was no guarantee that demonstrating the bombs to the Japanese in a deserted area would convince Japanese leaders to surrender. It was vital that Japan be convinced to surrender as fast as possible because the United States had just two atomic bombs available in July and additional weapons would not be ready to deploy for several more weeks. Meanwhile, thousands of Chinese, American, and Japanese soldiers continued to die each day the war continued. Consequently, Truman approved the long-standing plans for the US Army Air Force to drop atomic bombs on a list of preselected Japanese cities. The list of targets excluded Tokyo and Kyoto because of their political and historic importance. Instead, the intended target of the first bomb was Hiroshima, a fan-shaped city of approximately , people that occupied the estuary of the Ota River. The city was also home to the headquarters of the Japanese army that defended the island of Kyushu as well as a number of war industries. At a. As a result, the overloaded Enola Gay used more than two miles of runway to get aloft. US Army Air Force photo. Meanwhile, in Hiroshima, Reverend Kiyoshi Tanimoto awoke at 5 a. Hiroshima time, which was an hour behind Tinian time. Tanimoto remained in the city to remove the transportable objects in his church to the safety of a suburban estate. He had slept poorly because of several air raid warnings the previous night. Hiroshima had not yet endured an American bombing raid, but its good fortune was not expected to last. That morning, Tanimoto had agreed to help a friend move a large armoire filled with clothes out to the suburbs. As the two men trundled the piece of furniture through the streets, they heard an air raid siren go off. The alarm sounded every morning when American weather planes flew overhead, so the men were not particularly worried. They continued on with their handcart through the city streets. The morning was still; the place was cool and pleasant. Hiroshima time, the Enola Gay arrived over the city. Ferebee took control of the bomber and opened the bomb bay doors. Just after a. The plane jumped nearly 10 feet at the sudden loss in weight. Tibbets immediately resumed control of the plane and banked it sharply on a degree turn. He had practiced this difficult maneuver for months because he had been instructed that he had less than 45 seconds to get his plane clear of the subsequent explosion. Not even the scientists who designed the bomb were sure if the Enola Gay would survive the shock waves from the blast. Little Boy fell almost six miles in 43 seconds before detonating at an altitude of 2, feet. The bomb exploded with the force of more than 15, tons of TNT directly over a surgical clinic, feet from the Aioi Bridge. The temperature at ground level reached 7, degrees Fahrenheit in less than a second. The bomb vaporized people half a mile away from ground zero. Bronze statues melted, roof tiles fused together, and the exposed skin of people miles away burned from the intense infrared energy unleashed. At least 80, people died instantly. A mushroom cloud rises over Hiroshima after the atomic bomb exploded at AM on August 6, Photo by the Library of Congress. It seemed a sheet of sun. The day grew darker and darker under a massive dust cloud. At the base of the cloud, fires were springing up everywhere amid a turbulent mass of smoke that had the appearance of bubbling hot tar… The city we had seen so clearly in the sunlight a few minutes before was now an ugly smudge. It had completely disappeared under this awful blanket of smoke and fire. Destroyed fire trucks amid the wreckage of Hiroshima. In the minutes, hours, and days that followed the bombing, survivors in Hiroshima tried desperately to locate loved ones and care for the thousands of wounded. Some people exhibited horrible burns, while others who outwardly appeared unscathed later died painful deaths from radiation poisoning. Thousands of people were buried in the debris of their homes. Most structures in the city had been constructed of wood with tile roofs. All but a handful of concrete structures in the city center had been completely leveled. As the information was broadcast around the world, Allied soldiers around the globe felt as though they had received a reprieve from a death sentence. The end of World War II finally appeared to be in sight. This article is part of an ongoing series commemorating the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II made possible by Bank of America. Most people are aware that Boeing's B Superfortress was the plane that made the first atomic attacks. General Douglas MacArthur vowed to return to the Philippines in —and more than two years later, he delivered on his promise. Concessions in diplomatic negotiations were nothing new, but after Munich, appeasement took on a new meaning. While becoming an 'ace' pilot requires a number of finely honed skills and exceptional aeronautical ability, it is even harder to achieve this status in only one day. On May 16, , when SS men arrived in the Romani section of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Roma refused to leave their barracks and armed themselves for a fight to the death. Every day, the Sonderkommando was forced to operate the gas chambers and crematoria as more and more train cars full of European Jews arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau. With Japan on the strategic defensive and her combat power waning, another fleet moving against the island nation also felt the wrath of Mother Nature. The remains of Private Randolph Ray Edwards were identified and accounted for more than 80 years after his death. Pacific Theater of Operations. Article Type.

Q. Why was the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima?

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The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Genbaku Dome was the only structure left standing in the area where the first atomic bomb exploded on 6 August Through the efforts of many people, including those of the city of Hiroshima, it has been preserved in the same state as immediately after the bombing. Not only is it a stark and powerful symbol of the most destructive force ever created by humankind; it also expresses the hope for world peace and the ultimate elimination of all nuclear weapons. Toen de eerste atoombom ontplofte boven Hiroshima om kwart over acht 's ochtends op 6 augustus — en Het werd in die staat bewaard bij de wederopbouw van de stad en later bekend als de Genbaku Atoombom koepel. Niet alleen is het een grimmig en krachtig symbool van de meest destructieve kracht die ooit door de mens is gemaakt, het monument spreekt ook hoop uit voor wereldvrede en de uiteindelijke uitbanning van alle kernwapens. Source: unesco. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Genbaku Dome is the only structure left standing near the hypocenter of the first atomic bomb which exploded on 6 August , and it remains in the condition right after the explosion. Through the efforts of many people, including those of the city of Hiroshima, this ruin has been preserved in the same state as immediately after the bombing. Not only is it a stark and powerful symbol of the most destructive force ever created by humankind, it also expresses the hope for world peace and the ultimate elimination of all nuclear weapons. The inscribed property covers 0. The The most important meaning of the surviving structure of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial is in what it symbolizes, rather than just its aesthetic and architectural values. This silent structure is the skeletal form of the surviving remains of the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotional Hall constructed in It symbolizes the tremendous destructive power, which humankind can invent on the one hand; on the other hand, it also reminds us of the hope for world permanent peace. Criterion vi : The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Genbaku Dome is a stark and powerful symbol of the achievement of world peace for more than half a century following the unleashing of the most destructive force ever created by humankind. Inside the property, all the structural elements of the building remain in the same state as immediately after the bombing, and are well preserved. The property can be observed from the outside of the periphery fences and its external and internal integrity is well maintained. The buffer zone, including Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, is defined both as a place for prayer for the atomic bomb victims as well as for permanent world peace. In the last three conservation projects , and , minimum reinforcement with steel and synthetic resin was used in order to preserve the condition of the dome as it was after the atomic bomb attack. The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Genbaku Dome stands in its original location and its form, design, materials, substance, and setting are all completely authentic. It also maintains its functional and spiritual authenticity as a place for prayer for world peace and the ultimate elimination of all nuclear weapons. Financial and technical support is available from the Government of Japan. The park management office of Hiroshima City is located inside the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, and daily maintenance is conducted in cooperation with the division in charge of protecting cultural properties. Hiroshima City also conducts a detailed survey of its condition once every three years. A city beautification plan was developed by Hiroshima City that calls for this area to remain an attractive space appropriate to a symbol of the International Peace Culture City. Based on this beautification plan, landscape management standards seek to implement consultation for building height and alignment, as well as wall colors, materials and advertisement boards in the vicinity of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park included within the buffer zone. The sole responsibility for the content of each Nomination file lies with the State Party concerned. The publication of the Nomination file, including the maps and names, does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever of the World Heritage Committee or of the Secretariat of UNESCO concerning the history or legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its boundaries. By Properties. By States Parties. By Regions. Danger Site. Transboundary Property. Year Inscribed. Themes All. Cultural Landscape. Earthen Architecture. Criteria with only with. Cultural Criteria: i ii iii iv v vi Natural Criteria: vii viii ix x. Category Cultural. Media All. With videos. With photo gallery. Display with the brief description Without. Display component parts Less component parts. All Component parts. Order by Country. Name of the property. Vredesmonument van Hiroshima Genbakukoepel Toen de eerste atoombom ontplofte boven Hiroshima om kwart over acht 's ochtends op 6 augustus — en Outstanding Universal Value Brief synthesis The Hiroshima Peace Memorial Genbaku Dome is the only structure left standing near the hypocenter of the first atomic bomb which exploded on 6 August , and it remains in the condition right after the explosion. Authenticity In the last three conservation projects , and , minimum reinforcement with steel and synthetic resin was used in order to preserve the condition of the dome as it was after the atomic bomb attack. News 1. UN chief pays tribute to Hiroshima victims and renews call for nuclear disarmament 6 August Events 2. Hiroshima Prefecture. WebGL must be enable, see documentation. State of Conservation SOC by year

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