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A Review Study of Substance Abuse Status in High School Students, Isfahan, Iran

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Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. Cognitive - behavior Therapy Drug Dependence Methamphetamine. Globally, it is estimated that about 52 million individuals aged 15 - 64 years used amphetamine - type stimulants for nonmedical purposes at least once in the last year 1. Methamphetamine is the second most widely abused illicit drug in the world after cannabis; its abusers nearly outnumber the combination of heroin and cocaine abusers 1. Methamphetamine dependence is an important health problem in the Persian Gulf region including Iran 2. Several psychosocial treatments reduce methamphetamine dependence 4. The matrix model is a 16 - week outpatient psychological treatment for methamphetamine dependence 5. This treatment includes 48 sessions and combines cognitive - behavioral therapy CBT , family therapy, individual therapy, and group therapy as well as weekly urinalysis and homework assignments 5. The other frequently suggested psychosocial treatment is CBT delivered in 12 - 16 weekly sessions 6. CBT teaches more behavioural and cognitive techniques and skills that can lead to stopping methamphetamine dependence 6. Each session of the matrix model and CBT is at least 60 minutes 5 , 6. Methamphetamine dependence leads to health and psychiatric problems, but treatment programs such as the matrix model and the CBT are used to treat methamphetamine dependence 7. However, to date, there are few studies on the problems associated with delivering these two treatments in Iran. The study aimed at exploring the self - reported problems associated with delivering the matrix model and CBT for methamphetamine dependence among patients dependent on methadone in four cities of Iran. The current descriptive study was conducted on people males and females. The inclusion criteria were untreated methamphetamine dependence in methadone treatment for at least three months. Participants were recruited from outpatient psychiatric and psychological clinics as well as methadone treatment clinics. Participants were recruited from four cities i. All subjects were interviewed about the problems associated with receiving the matrix model and the CBT for methamphetamine dependence from December to December All participants were on CBT or matrix treatment for at least 16 consecutive weeks. Fifteen treatment providers clinical psychologists also participated in the study. Ten well - trained clinical psychologists interviewed males and females. Interviews were conducted in private rooms inside the centers. Participants were had to be at least 18 years old. Male and female genders were acceptable for the study inclusion. Participants were excluded if they self - reported drug - related withdrawals or intoxication symptoms at the time of enrolment. A questionnaire was designed to collect baseline demographics and drug dependence characteristics. Part of the questionnaire constituted open - ended questions about the experienced problems associated with delivering the CBT and the matrix model for methamphetamine dependence in methadone treatment centers. Consent forms were obtained from the participants. Subjects were informed that participation was confidential and voluntary. The study was conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration. No funding was received to conduct the study. The study was part of a research project approved by Tehran University of Medical Sciences All participants were poly - substance users opium, heroin, or methamphetamine. Males were more likely to report the necessity of professional training of psychologists for treatment delivery Females were more likely to report long duration of treatment To date, the current study was the first research that investigated the self - reported problems associated with delivering the matrix model and CBT in Iran. The study findings indicated that most participants had problems with long duration of delivering the CBT and matrix model. Among females, it was accompanied by reporting the feeling of boredom tiredness ; being on methamphetamine treatment for weeks was likely to lead to such a feeling among females. Females in the current study were not psychologically ready for long - term methamphetamine treatments. The study findings also indicated that males were concerned about the necessity of providing professional staff training. This may indicate that training the psychologists to deliver the CBT and the matrix model should be considered more in Iran. The study also indicated that the two treatment methods overlapped with daily life. Furthermore, the CBT and the matrix model were intensive. They were likely to act as barriers to successful delivery of CBT and matrix model. Furthermore, high participant attrition due to long duration, the difficulty in providing professional psychologist training, and lack of adequate patient engagement in the treatments due to the intensiveness of the treatments were the major barriers to implementation. These are important research findings with important implications for treatment. A review indicated that although the CBT and matrix model are the best treatment options for methamphetamine dependence, the above mentioned problems hampered treatment entry and retention 5. Methadone treatment centers should consider these problems in the effective provision of CBT and matrix model. Brief, psychological treatments are more cost effective and less intensive than long - term CBT and matrix model 9 , Furthermore, they can lead to high client engagement and lack of boredom among the patients 5. Such interventions should be considered to treat methamphetamine dependence in methadone treatment centers in Iran. It is suggested to conduct randomized controlled trials on the role of brief psychological treatments to reduce the problems associated with delivering the CBT and the matrix model in methadone centers. The CBT and matrix model are the most suggested treatment programs for methamphetamine dependence 4. However, the problems associated with these two treatment programs may necessitate the delivery of other interventions in Iran. Brief interventional programs should be provided for patients with methadone or methamphetamine dependence. Further studies are suggested in Iran, which is the most populous Persian Gulf country. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report Vienna: United Nations Publications; Use of amphetamine-type stimulants in the Islamic Republic of Iran, a review. East Mediterr Health J. Zarghami M. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Sullivan D, McDonough M. J Law Med. Hill R. Evidence-based practices for treatment of methamphetamine dependency: A review. Community Engaged Scholarship Institute; A systematic review of cognitive and behavioural therapies for methamphetamine dependence. Drug Alcohol Rev. Process-of-care measures as predictors of client outcome among a methamphetamine-dependent sample at and month follow-ups. J Psychoactive Drugs. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for substance use disorders in people with psychotic disorders: Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. Brief cognitive behavioural interventions for regular amphetamine users: a step in the right direction. We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience. They also allow us to analyze user behavior in order to constantly improve the website for you. Abstract Background: Methamphetamine dependence is a health concern in Iran. The matrix model and cognitive - behavior therapy are the two treatment programs for this problem. Objectives: The current study aimed at exploring the problems associated with delivering these two treatments for methamphetamine dependence among patients dependent on methadone in four cities of Iran Tehran, Shiraz, Isfahan, and Karaj. Methods: A total of subjects males and females participated in the study from December to December Fifteen psychologists participated in the study. Participants were recruited from outpatient psychiatric and psychological centers as well as methadone treatment clinics. Results: Females, compared with males, were more likely to state long duration of treatment Males, compared with females, were more likely to state the necessity of professional training of psychologists for treatment delivery Conclusions: The problems associated with delivering these two treatments should be managed in methadone withdrawal centers in Iran. Lower costs and brief interventions should be provided for such patients. Background Globally, it is estimated that about 52 million individuals aged 15 - 64 years used amphetamine - type stimulants for nonmedical purposes at least once in the last year 1. Objectives The study aimed at exploring the self - reported problems associated with delivering the matrix model and CBT for methamphetamine dependence among patients dependent on methadone in four cities of Iran. Materials and Methods 3. Study Design and Participants The current descriptive study was conducted on people males and females. Study Questionnaire A questionnaire was designed to collect baseline demographics and drug dependence characteristics. Ethical Considerations Consent forms were obtained from the participants. Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants. Table 2. References 1. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. Leave a comment here:. Cookie Setting We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience. Poly - substance use opiates and methamphetamine a.

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