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Here you will find the articles published in the scientific journal Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Matilda Hellman: Consumption trends and policies under scrutinization. Carly Lightowlers, Karen Duke: The framing of contemporary violence policy in England and Wales: an examination of the contributing roles of alcohol and illegal drugs. Matilda Hellman: Is a regulation system always just a regulation system? Rune Ellefsen: Narkotikapolitikk i endring: Heroinklinikkenes oppkomst i Norge. Patrik Karlsson, Mats Ekendahl: Risky drinking or risky governance? Matilda Hellman: Snow season: The normalisation of cocaine. Anne M. Reasons for not entering opioid agonist treatment: A survey among high-risk opioid users in Finland. Jay Horn: The dichotomy between health and drug abuse in bodybuilding. Why did drug overdose deaths not decrease after ? Norway as a case study. Matilda Hellman: Celebrating 40 years of Nordic collaboration. Petter Grahl Johnstad: Why are the police against drug policy liberalisation? Matilda Hellman: Evidence for improving welfare services. A multicenter pilot study to inform validation procedures. Matilda Hellman: Yet another alcohol policy experiment in Finland. Virve Marionneau: Book review: Games without frontiers? Tom Kettunen: Our content is relevant and on track. Lotte Vallentin-Holbech, Sarah W. Anne Koponen, Niina-Maria Nissinen, Mika Gissler, Ilona Autti-Ramo, Hanna Kahila, Taisto Sarkola: Adverse childhood experiences and neurodevelopmental disorders among youth with and without prenatal substance exposure — a longitudinal matched register-based cohort study. Matilda Hellman: The importance of debunking constructions. Barmpas, Sotiris Tasoulis, Aristidis S. Matilda Hellman: Habits, consumption and public control. Anne H. Matilda Hellman: Digital screens and children. Matilda Hellman: Drug control and human rights in the Russian Federation. Ortiz de Gortari, Daniel L. Fredrik Tiberg and Johan Nordgren: Ordinary people, criminals, addicts and recreational users: Swedish court of law descriptions of persons sentenced for online drug purchases. Susan Calnan and Martin P. Editorial Matilda Hellman: Justice and equality as a zero-sum game. Elin K. Ilona Piispa, Karoliina Karjalainen and Niina Karttunen: Nonmedical use of prescription drugs: A comparison between intoxicationoriented and other nonmedical users. Messages from research: Tobacco, drug use, gambling Matilda Hellman. Snus and snus-like nicotine products moving across Nordic borders: Can laws protect young people? Marjut Salokannel, Eeva Ollila. Who are the young users of tobacco products? Smoking, hazardous drinking and individual differences in cost and gain discounting Torleif Halkjelsvik. Vicious games: Gambling and capitalism Janne Nikkinen. Dealing with qualitative work Matilda Hellman. A path forward for Swedish drug policy? Ted Goldberg. Comparison of data sources on alcohol problems: An exploratory exercise using surveys vs. The constitution of the alcoholic self, communicative processes and administrative practices: On the varied uses of four terms denoting problematic drinking Filip Roumeliotis, Frida Carlsson, Linn Johansson Erkenfelt, Lisa Wallander. Who is the typical psychedelics user? Methodological challenges for research in psychedelics use and its consequences Petter Grahl Johnstad. Could 30 years of political controversy on needle exchange programmes in Sweden contribute to scaling-up harm reduction services in the world? Mental health work cannot be postponed Matilda Hellman. Problematic internet use: A scoping review — longitudinal research on a contemporary social problem, — Daniel Dahl and Karin Helmersson Bergmark. Beer drinking, resistance and the politics of alcohol tax levy in Botswana Tebogo B Sebeelo. Who initiates Nordic comparisons? Introduction to the special section on drinking patterns in older age. Drinking patterns among Finns aged 60 years and over from the s onwards. Trends in alcohol consumption among older adults in Denmark in the 21st century. Successes and failures in drug treatment from a European perspective, follow-ups of treatment interventions in Norway and Sweden, and the wellbeing of patients,. The new project of public health Matilda Hellman. Successes and failures in treatment of substance abuse: Treatment system perspectives and lessons from the European continent Harald Klingemann. Recovery processes among young adults treated for alcohol and other drug problems: A five-year follow-up Lisa Skogens and Ninive von Greiff. Substance use problems in a partner, professionals experiences with family-oriented practice in addiction treatment, exploring expectations on transition from treatment to post-discharge, should some occupational groups be prioritised in the prevention of problem gambling? Matilda Hellman. Risk of problem gambling among occupational groups: A population and registry study Per Binde and Ulla Romild. Book review Regulating cannabis: A detailed scenario for a nonprofit cannabis market, by Tom Decorte Tuulia Lerkkanen. Editorial Concepts and conditions for knowledge production Matilda Hellman. Research reports Solidarity or self-interest? Alcoholic beverage preferences among teenagers in Finland before and after the alcohol law change Tomi Lintonen, Suvi Ahtinen and Anne Konu. Maternal alcohol intakes before and during pregnancy: Impact on the mother and infant outcome to 18 months Barry William McDonald and Patricia Ellyett Watson. Homeless people under the influence of alcohol admitted to hospital emergency departments in Poland Anna Burak, Katarzyna Cierzniakowska and Aleksandra Popow. Commentary Opinions on alcohol policy in Sweden Thomas Karlsson. Public funding of science publishing: Why we are open access. Cohort profile: ADEF Helsinki — a longitudinal register-based study on exposure to alcohol and drugs during foetal life. Balancing welfare and market logics: Procurement regulations for social and health services in four Nordic welfare states. Associations between a risky psychosocial childhood and recurrent addiction compulsory care as adult. Interaction rituals in an open drug scene. Pre conception use of cannabis and cocaine among men with pregnant partners. Can gambling-funded research be non-biased? The case of section Funding of gambling studies and its impact on research. In favour of tobacco control? What do elderly problem drinkers aim for? Choice of goal for treatment among elderly treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent patients. Alarming attitudinal barriers to help-seeking in drug-related emergency situations: Results from a Swedish online survey. Screening of problem gambling among a homeless population in Warsaw. Alcohol industry strategies to influence the reform of the Finnish Alcohol Law. Comorbidity and concurrence of problems: Overlooked, not under-researched. Concurrent use of addictive substances among alcohol drinkers: Prevalence and problems in a Swedish general population sample. Breath alcohol concentration, hazardous drinking and preloading among Swedish university students. Alcohol and illicit drug consumption and the association with risky sexual behaviour among Swedish youths visiting youth health clinics. Assessment of driving fitness among patients with alcohol-related visits to two hospitals in eastern Finland. Fatal attraction: A narrative of early opioid addiction. Social inclusion of clients treated for substance abuse in Sweden in the s: A year follow-up. Out of the ordinary: Media reports on wet eldercare facilities. Declining alcohol consumption among adolescents and schools in Stockholm, — Playing with gender borders: Flirting and alcohol consumption among young adults in Denmark. A window of opportunity for children growing up with parental substance-use problems. An upbringing with substance-abusing parents: Experiences of parentification and dysfunctional communication. Polluting pharmaceutical atmospheres: Compulsion, resistance, and symbolism of buprenorphine in Norway. Standards for opioid use disorder care: An assessment of Nordic approaches. Childhood narratives about the experience of growing up with alcoholic parents. When children with substance-abusing parents grow up and become parents themselves: A commentary. Professionals do not invite children to disclose family problems: A comment. Gambling — no ordinary commodity. The total consumption model applied to gambling: Empirical validity and implications for gambling policy. Responsible gambling in practice: A case study of views and practices of Swedish oriented gambling companies. Is there a need for personal gambling licences? Cultures and spaces of convenience gambling. Gambling patterns and associated risk and protective factors among Finnish young people. Gambling among Swedish youth: Predictors and prevalence among and year-old students. Gambling involvement, type of gambling and grade point average among 18—year-old Finnish men and women. Social and healthcare reforms and vulnerable groups. Has illicit drug use become normalised in groups of Swedish youth? A latent class analysis of school survey data from to The association between social characteristics, alcoholic beverage preferences, and binge drinking in a Serbian adult population. Alcohol policies and attitudes toward alcohol prevention at Swedish student unions. More social research into polydrug use. A virtual academy of polydrug use: Masters, novices and the art of combinations. Contribution of alcohol and drug co-use to substance use problems: Data from a nationally-representative sample of US adults who have never been to treatment. Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe, Meenakshi S. Subbaraman, Thomas K. Greenfield, William C. Comment on Karriker-Jaffe et al. Book review: Studying recreational polydrug use through an ontology agent-based simulation. Opioids, opioids, opioids: The plague among middle-aged white Americans. Care outcomes and alcohol-related treatment utilisation profiles of patients with alcohol-use disorder: A prospective cohort study using electronic health records. Weight concerns as a predictor of smoking cessation according to nicotine dependence: A population-based study. Eeva-Liisa Tuovinen, Suoma E. Saarni, Taru H. Prospective associations between childhood externalising and internalising problems and adolescent alcohol and drug use: The Bergen Child Study. Prevalence and correlates of stimulant and depressant pharmacological cognitive enhancement among Norwegian students. Extended opening hours at nightclubs in Visby: An evaluation of a trial in the summer of Governance of substance use as a by-product of policing in Norway: A historical account. Great expectations: The bureaucratic handling of Swedish residential rehabilitation in the 21st century. The impact of relaxed traveller allowances: Fixed-effects analyses of the associations between consumer behaviour and alcohol use. Social media platforms as a photo-elicitation tool in research on alcohol intoxication and gender. Kerstin Stenius looks back at developments in Nordic research and publishing. Social causes of depression, anxiety and stress. Social climate on tobacco control in an advanced tobacco control country: A population-based study in Finland. Depression, anxiety, and stress from substance-use disorder among family members in Iceland. Rescue the child or treat the adult? Understandings among professionals in dual treatment of substance-use disorders and parenting. What makes people with gambling disorder undergo treatment? Patient and professional perspectives. Gambling participation, gambling habits, gambling-related harm, and opinions on gambling advertising in Finland in Should we watch out for the giant isomorphic wheel of public health? The population, its health and social sciences. The two sides of public health. Framing drug and alcohol use as a public health problem in Britain: Past and present. Public health is not an innocent concept. Relevant to all disciplines and professions but central to none: How may social alcohol and drug research flourish? Is proximity to alcohol outlets associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm in Denmark? Individual and school-class correlates of youth cannabis use in Sweden: A multilevel study. This issue of NAD deals with microdosing, alcohol-related maltreatment, gender differences among adolescents with substance abuse problems, media depictions of addiction problems, and the health service needs of users of anabolic androgenic steroids. Knowledge of the extent of alcohol-related maltreatment of children in Lithuania is limited. The study was based on a content analysis of child protection documents. More than one person with problematic alcohol consumption was identified in over a third of cases. Most often, it was the police What are the similarities and differences in risk factors between boys and girls with addiction problems when they get into outpatient care? The study was based on interview data from youths over a three-year period from clinics in eleven Swedish cities. Girls came from more difficult family and childhood environments. They also had more likely problems at school, more difficult drug addiction and more serious mental health problems, while boys had much higher crime activity. Micro dosing of psychedelic drugs is not about intoxication but about increased everyday function. The dosage is often about one tenth of the usual recreational dose. The 21 men in the thirties who participated in the interview study reported mainly positive experiences regarding mood, cognition and creativity. By analysing articles about addiction problems in daily newspapers in Poland, Italy and Finland, the study points to how reporting trends have changed since the early s. More and more space is given to individuals with addiction problems and to researchers who represent a biomedical approach. The use of anabolic androgenic steroids can lead to increased muscle mass and strength, but also to unwanted side effects. In Norway, the specialized substance abuse treatment services are responsible for assisting users of anabolic androgenic steroids with health problems. The study points to how healthcare can become more accessible to this group. Drinking with parents: Different measures, different associations with underage heavy drinking? Parent participation in alcohol prevention: Evaluation of an alcohol prevention programme. Determinants of electronic cigarette use among Finnish adults: Results from a population-based survey. Recurrent cannabis use among Norwegian students: Prevalence, characteristics, and polysubstance use. Eilin K. Agency as a structuring principle. Is it all about money? Patient satisfaction with treatments and outcomes in residential addiction institutions. Alcohol use among Norwegian students: Demographics, personality and psychological health correlates of drinking patterns. Trends in alcohol drinking among university students at the Polish University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Alcohol and culture: An introduction. Is training in creative writing a feasible treatment adjunct for clients suffering from chronic alcohol-use disorder? Alcohol use and generational masculinity: An interdisciplinary approach. The cultural aspect: How to measure and interpret epidemiological data on alcohol-use disorders across cultures. Drinking patterns at the sub-national level: What do they tell us about drinking cultures in European countries? Comment on Rehm and Room. Exploring new substance use settings. Scientific progress: The role of innovative qualitative inquiries. The endless dilemma with qualitative research. Risky consumption of alcohol and drugs among employees at ski resorts. The slippery slope of flubromazolam: Experiences of a novel psychoactive benzodiazepine as discussed on a Swedish online forum. Alcohol screening in North Denmark Region hospitals: Frequency of screening and experiences of health professionals. Assessment of alcohol and psychotropic drug use among old-age psychiatric patients in Norway: Experiences of health professionals. Self-reported health, use of alcohol and illicit drugs, and criminality among adults with foetal alcohol syndrome. Nordic alcohol statistics — Thirty-three years later: Still a new-old journal Matilda Hellman. Is it possible to recover from recovery? Liese Recke. Can Nordic alcohol and drug treatment benefit from a recovery perspective? Kerstin Stenius. Patterns of polydrug use among pregnant substance abusers Therese Reitan. Thematic issue: Substance use and ageing. Concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use among the elderly in Norway. How do family pressure, health and ambivalence factor into entering alcohol treatment? Experiences of people aged 60 and older with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol and prescribed psychotropic drug use among patients admitted to a department of old-age psychiatry in Norway. Den aldrende LAR pasienten. Health and social issues among older patients in opioid maintenance treatment in Norway. Vurdering av helsetjenester for eldre med alkoholrelaterte problemer: Hva virker og hva kan bli bedre? Aldring og skadelige rusmiddelvaner — muligheter og utfordringer. Johan Edman and Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe discuss these questions further in their respective commentaries. Katariina Warpenius and Christoffer Tigerstedt give an account of ways in which alcohol research has grasped and should grasp the kind of harm caused to people and relationships that cannot be studied by explicitly focusing on the drinker. They argue that taking the interactional nature of alcohol-related harm seriously offers a novel cross-cutting perspective to well-established traditions in the alcohol research field. The professionals brought up their lacking qualifications in alcohol-related issues and the need for support from substance abuse services. Situations expressly described as moderate and positive by adults may even turn out to be negative experiences for the children. Smokers are in favour of legislation that targets passive smoking, but defend their right to smoke in most public spaces. According to Marianne Lund, smokers opposed most of the proposed tobacco control strategies. Their support may be more important in tobacco control areas that aim to denormalise smoking and where enforcement is more complex. Helen Keane and Tove Sohlberg have written commentaries. They also investigate whether risky drinking is associated with academic performance. Many Danes drink so much that it is detrimental to their health. As they are at risk of suffering diseases which can lead to hospitalisation on somatic wards, hospitals are ideal arenas for identifying individuals whose alcohol consumption is excessive. Several studies have shown that personality disorders are frequently occurring among patients with substance use disorders. Lesbian, gay and bisexual LGB young people are at increased risk to develop alcohol-related problems compared to heterosexuals. Valeria Verrastro and colleagues describe alcohol use patterns in relation to alcohol expectancies, internalised sexual stigma and sensation seeking and to highlight the specific risk factors that sexual minority subgroups face. This study by Johanna Nordmyr, Anna K. Functional aspects of individual-level social ties appear to be more relevant when studying problematic alcohol use or problem gambling, similarly to other forms of mental health problems. The analysis is based on 13 publications written by program developers and other collaborators. The Swedish print media generally has a crime-centred and deterrent approach towards cannabis, with prohibition at the heart of the reporting. International events do however introduce discursive alternatives. It remains to be seen if these new ways of writing about cannabis will strengthen or challenge traditional Swedish prohibitionist constructions. Use of coercion against pregnant women who misuse substances was legalised in Norway in They found that involuntary detention enabled safety for and connection with the unborn child. In their study, Susan Cronin, Siobhan Murphy and Ask Elklit examined the relationship between alcohol misuse and different types of childhood maltreatment in a sample of young adults. A significant relationship was found between childhood maltreatment and alcohol misuse. This relationship was significantly stronger for maltreated women, which identifies a gap in the literature. High associations between maltreatment and alcohol misuse in females may suggest alcohol is used as a coping strategy following childhood maltreatment. Is vaping prevalent among Swedish adolescents? Susanna Geidne and colleagues found that one out of four Swedish grade 9 students have tried e-cigarettes. They also found that the use of e-cigarettes tended to cluster with the use of other substances, such as other tobacco products and alcohol. The article is commented on by Karl E. Lund and Jaana M. Per Binde has studied gambling-related harm and crime in the workplace. In his outline of key prevention and response measures to problem gambling, he includes substance use and gambling policy, problem gambling awareness, attention to signs of gambling-related harm, control functions, appropriate responses to harmful gambling, and rehabilitation. According to Binde, the workplace should play a greater role in the universal, selective and indicated prevention of problem gambling. Research shows that the risk of overdose mortality among marginalized drug users is particularly high during the first weeks after discharge from inpatient treatment. Elin Berg investigated whether there might be a connection between marginalization and treatment culture to understand fatale overdoses after discharge from inpatient treatment. The case study is focused on a single individual and his treatment process in Norway. The case shows that there may be a relationship between marginality, treatment culture and overdose mortality. Cultural and structural aspects of the treatment system put subject in an empty and risky situation that probably contributed to his death. They wanted to determine the reasons for usage and evaluate the contributing factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, stress levels, sleep quality and knowing somebody who has used a neuro-enhancing drug. In Lithuania, 1 of 12 medical students report having used neuro-enhancing drugs. Male students reported three times higher prevalence rates than females. What kind of information do individuals in treatment for alcohol problems find should be available before treatment start? Individuals seeking and entering treatment for alcohol problems require information about the treatment itself and what it contains before they start treatment. This is in stark contrast to the kind of information that treatment seekers currently find, such as the opening hours of the treatment centre and similar practicalities. In Russia the paradigm of alcoholism as a disease is still in contrast to the general perception of alcoholics as weak-willed. When the state cannot deliver the services for problem drinkers or recovering alcoholics, people may turn to the Internet to find alternative information and social support. Elaine M. Different clusters are identified representing various forms of gambling participation and indicating gender and socio-demographic differences between and within them. Robert Edgren and colleagues explore the association between at-risk gambling, problem gambling, risky alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, poor mental health and loneliness among 15 to year-old Finnish males and females. The data is derived from the Finnish Gambling Survey The study also reviews the meanings of risky behaviours among adolescents and emerging adults and the impact of gender and age in the development of problems. Johan Edman and Josefine Berndt study the medicalisation of gambling in Sweden by comparing discussion protocols and parliamentary bills from the early s to the early s. The political handling of the gambling problem reveals the process of medicalisation of misuse, but it also points out major social and economic changes in the Swedish society. They found that groups of lower educated and nonmarried individuals experience verbal or physical aggression over and above different levels of consumption. They found that both gambling frequency and the number of gambling-related harms were linked to violent behaviour as well as to positive attitudes towards violence. Swedish municipalities carry out a variety of alcohol prevention activities, but there is little knowledge of how these have developed over time, due partly to the lack of tools for monitoring prevention activities locally. The results reveal that local alcohol prevention in Sweden, as measured by the APMM, has increased generally between and as a result of more local policies and activities. Edle Ravndal and Grethe Lauritzen investigate the prevalence of live OMT patients in the total sample after 10 years, and compare the outcome of primarily substance abuse, anxiety and depression among OMT patients versus non-OMT patients. The OMT-group reported to a larger extent more anxiety and depression throughout the total observation period than the non OMT participants. Use of heroin and criminality were significantly reduced in both groups, but the OMT patients had more difficulties in reducing the use of benzodiazepines and cannabis. The treatment of prison inmates in the Nordic countries has been described as humane and welfare-oriented. Janne Henriette Ingarsdotter Helgesen explores how key actors working in 13 substance treatment units in Norwegian prisons assess the responsibilities, working methods and goal attainment of these units, and how their descriptions fit the idea of a Nordic exceptionalism. The main pattern that emerges from this study supports that welfare orientation and ideas about therapy and rehabilitation are priorities in work with imprisoned substance users in substance. In their perspective article, Mihal Miovsky and colleagues seek to identify, describe and explain important events in shaping the historical context where the Czech education in addiction science and conception of addictology were developed. Because of the Iron Curtain, Czech practitioners had to develop their own concept of addiction and ideas on training psychotherapists so they could not be labelled western or anti-state, or be subject to intense state control. In our editorial Matilda Hellman deliberates differences between basic and applied research. In the social sciences researchers have become specialised experts inhabiting narrow compartments of knowledge production. What does this mean for the future alcohol and drug research? Commentaries by Thomas Babor and Robin Room. In Scandinavia, the use of the psychoactive plant khat is widely seen as a social and health problem exclusively affecting the Somali immigrant population. Johan Nordgren has analysed the khat abuse discourse as it is presented in evaluation reports describing projects initiated by the social services to reduce khat abuse. According to Nordgren, overreliance on cultural explanations overlooks socioeconomic issues and that the focus should be on potentially problematic patterns of khat use rather than Somali immigrants in general. The study suggests that attitudes on risk information are substance-specific and associated in complex ways with gender, age, education and experience of own substance use. The study indicates that the general population in Sweden receives what is seen as an adequate amount of knowledge from public authorities, and finds it consistent and trustworthy. Combining survey and register-based data, Line Schou and Gunn Birkelund have studied whether there are differences in alcohol-related sickness absence according to socioeconomic status and family situation among young employees in Norway. They have also assessed whether differences can be attributed mainly to differences. The authors found that alcohol-related sickness absence is more common among people who are single and without children, and more common among men than women. With the exception of income, socioeconomic factors do not seem to be important. The differences between groups appeared to be only partly a result of different drinking patterns. Using an ethnographic approach, Birgitta Ander and colleagues have explored arenas of adolescent binge drinking in small Swedish towns and the meanings these have for young persons. The focus of the article is on space and place, and on the geography of underage drinking. The authors found that adolescent binge drinkers have moved away from street and other outdoor drinking arenas to home environments, where they feel they have more control over their party location and participants. Very few of those with drug problems in their youth were able to establish a firm position in society in the long run. Based on 91 qualitative interviews and 6 months of observations in 12 prisons, in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, the authors study how prisoners experience drug treatment, control and sanctions. Based on a year of participant observation this article describes life in an open illicit drug milieu in a Norwegian city. Elke Emmers, Geertruida Elsiena Bekkering and Karin Hannes present an overview of recent systematic reviews, summarising the evidence on the effectiveness of prevention strategies that target substance misusing adolescents. There is a small but consistent positive effect of school-based prevention programmes. The authors found that Italian social workers are in general more concerned and interventionist than are their Swedish colleagues who view teenage alcohol consumption as common behaviour. How extensive is the non medical use of anabolic-androgenic steroids in the Nordic countries? Is it a public health problem? Kerstin Stenius also discusses the topic in her editorial. The transition to adulthood tends to entail changes in consumption of alcohol and drugs. In this Norwegian longitudinal panel study, Christer Hyggen and Torild Hammer study the relationship between cannabis and alcohol use in relation to adult roles and responsibilities. The population study by Torleif Halkjelsvik and Elisabet Storvoll use the AUDIT intrument to estimate the the proportion of the Norwegian population that according to the World Health Organization WHO guidelines should be followed up by primary health care, based on three levels of risk drinking. Abstract in English, article in Norwegian. Suggestions on how to elude some of the hindering factors are proposed, e. This Finnish study by Harri Sarpavaara explores the meanings substance-abusing clients attach to family and friendships during motivational interviewing MI sessions in Probation Service. It is suggested that the meaning of significant others should not be overlooked in MI and other substance abuse treatment. Marjut Salokannel, Eeva Ollila Who are the young users of tobacco products? Ted Goldberg Comparison of data sources on alcohol problems: An exploratory exercise using surveys vs. This issue includes the following themes Substance use problems in a partner, professionals experiences with family-oriented practice in addiction treatment, exploring expectations on transition from treatment to post-discharge, should some occupational groups be prioritised in the prevention of problem gambling? The case of section 52 Matilda Hellman Funding of gambling studies and its impact on research Janne Nikkinen In favour of tobacco control? Strandberg, Tobias H. Kerr Comment on Karriker-Jaffe et al. Karoliina Karjalainen Book review: Studying recreational polydrug use through an ontology agent-based simulation Jenni Savonen. Matilda Hellman The population, its health and social sciences Sophy Bergenheim The two sides of public health Pekka Sulkunen Framing drug and alcohol use as a public health problem in Britain: Past and present Alex Mold Public health is not an innocent concept Kerstin Stenius Relevant to all disciplines and professions but central to none: How may social alcohol and drug research flourish? Noel, Thomas F. Babor, Katherine Robaina Is proximity to alcohol outlets associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm in Denmark? Abdu K. Alcohol-related maltreatment in child protection Knowledge of the extent of alcohol-related maltreatment of children in Lithuania is limited. Gender differences among young people with substance abuse problems What are the similarities and differences in risk factors between boys and girls with addiction problems when they get into outpatient care? Psychedelic substances in tiny amounts Micro dosing of psychedelic drugs is not about intoxication but about increased everyday function. Which voices are heard in media? What do users of anabolic androgenic steroids want from health services? Hilde Pape, Elin K. Agency as a structuring principle Matilda Hellman Is it all about money? Thirty-three years later: Still a new-old journal Matilda Hellman The recovery movement and its implications for policy, commissioning and practice David Best, Stephanie Judith De Alwis, Donna Burdett Is it possible to recover from recovery? Liese Recke Can Nordic alcohol and drug treatment benefit from a recovery perspective? The professionals brought up their lacking qualifications in alcohol-related issues and the need for support from substance abuse services Everything in moderation? Factors influencing whether nurses talk to somatic patients about their alcohol consumption Many Danes drink so much that it is detrimental to their health. Assessment of personality problems among patients with substance use disorders Several studies have shown that personality disorders are frequently occurring among patients with substance use disorders. Binge drinking and internalised sexual stigma among Italian lesbian, gay and bisexual young adults Lesbian, gay and bisexual LGB young people are at increased risk to develop alcohol-related problems compared to heterosexuals. Pregnant substance-abusing women in involuntary treatment Use of coercion against pregnant women who misuse substances was legalised in Norway in Childhood maltreatment and alcohol misuse in a sample of Danish young adults In their study, Susan Cronin, Siobhan Murphy and Ask Elklit examined the relationship between alcohol misuse and different types of childhood maltreatment in a sample of young adults. Prevalence and risk factors of electronic cigarette use among adolescents Is vaping prevalent among Swedish adolescents? Preventing and responding to gambling-related harm and crime in the workplace Per Binde has studied gambling-related harm and crime in the workplace. Exploring treatment culture and overdose in Norway Research shows that the risk of overdose mortality among marginalized drug users is particularly high during the first weeks after discharge from inpatient treatment. Lack of information can be come a barrier for entering treatment What kind of information do individuals in treatment for alcohol problems find should be available before treatment start? Mutual support and recovery in the Russian Alcoholics Anonymous online community In Russia the paradigm of alcoholism as a disease is still in contrast to the general perception of alcoholics as weak-willed. At-risk and problem gambling among Finnish youth Robert Edgren and colleagues explore the association between at-risk gambling, problem gambling, risky alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, poor mental health and loneliness among 15 to year-old Finnish males and females. From boredom to dependence: The medicalisation of the Swedish gambling problem Johan Edman and Josefine Berndt study the medicalisation of gambling in Sweden by comparing discussion protocols and parliamentary bills from the early s to the early s. Involvement in alcohol-related verbal or physical aggression. Does social status matter? Monitoring local alcohol prevention in Sweden Swedish municipalities carry out a variety of alcohol prevention activities, but there is little knowledge of how these have developed over time, due partly to the lack of tools for monitoring prevention activities locally. Dynamic control important for substance abuse treatment in Norwegian prisons The treatment of prison inmates in the Nordic countries has been described as humane and welfare-oriented. The main pattern that emerges from this study supports that welfare orientation and ideas about therapy and rehabilitation are priorities in work with imprisoned substance users in substance The creation of addictology behind the iron curtain In their perspective article, Mihal Miovsky and colleagues seek to identify, describe and explain important events in shaping the historical context where the Czech education in addiction science and conception of addictology were developed. The compartmentalisation of social science: What are the implications? Targeting khat or targeting Somalis? A discourse analysis In Scandinavia, the use of the psychoactive plant khat is widely seen as a social and health problem exclusively affecting the Somali immigrant population. Alcohol-related sickness absence of young employees in Norway Combining survey and register-based data, Line Schou and Gunn Birkelund have studied whether there are differences in alcohol-related sickness absence according to socioeconomic status and family situation among young employees in Norway. Changing arenas of underage adolescent binge drinking in Swedish small towns Using an ethnographic approach, Birgitta Ander and colleagues have explored arenas of adolescent binge drinking in small Swedish towns and the meanings these have for young persons. The Bench: An open drug scene and its people Based on a year of participant observation this article describes life in an open illicit drug milieu in a Norwegian city. Prevention of alcohol and drug misuse in adolescents: An overview of systematic reviews Elke Emmers, Geertruida Elsiena Bekkering and Karin Hannes present an overview of recent systematic reviews, summarising the evidence on the effectiveness of prevention strategies that target substance misusing adolescents. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use in the Nordic countries How extensive is the non medical use of anabolic-androgenic steroids in the Nordic countries? From cannabis to problem drinking? Use and abuse from youth to adulthood The transition to adulthood tends to entail changes in consumption of alcohol and drugs. One in five Norwegians engage in risky drinking The population study by Torleif Halkjelsvik and Elisabet Storvoll use the AUDIT intrument to estimate the the proportion of the Norwegian population that according to the World Health Organization WHO guidelines should be followed up by primary health care, based on three levels of risk drinking. Follow us on social media:.

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Fake medicines — illegal and substandard pharmaceuticals — have until now largely been a problem in low and middle-income countries. Ranging from lifestyle products to lifesaving medicines, such products are now also on the rise in the Western world. The spread is concerning, as fake medicines can be completely ineffective or extremely toxic. Our recent survey of doctors in Sweden, for example, shows that The numbers may be similar in other European countries. As fake medicines are made in several different places worldwide, it is hard to trace their production. Today, such drugs are increasingly present in high-income countries too, according to the WHO. But exactly how prevalent the phenomenon is becoming is extremely difficult to quantify. There are increasing reports of fake drugs in Western countries though. A falsified cancer drug, Avastin, was recently discovered by a wholesaler in the Netherlands. And in Germany, both falsified cancer and HIV medicines have ended up in the legitimate supply chain in recent years. Not all Western countries have been affected by fake medical products in formal healthcare , though, Sweden being one exception. Although regulation of the pharmaceutical market in Sweden and many other European countries is effective, illicit products are increasing in the legal market so it may just be a matter of time before they do if no effective measures are taken. This is clear from a recent Interpol operation , which included different countries. As a result, 3, illegal websites selling such drugs were closed — including sites in Sweden. So how do we best tackle this problem? The first thing we need is knowledge. Researchers from medicine, law and public health focus on the supply side and advocating international legal frameworks. Information about the demand side is lacking, however, as shown in our review of the literature. People can get exposed to fake drugs unknowingly in many different ways. Others may take the opportunity of buying cheap medicines on holiday abroad. The same factors are likely to be at play in many other Western countries. We also discovered that the awareness of risk appears to be low. This applies not least to the consumption of medicines on the internet. The majority of people we asked did not know that the EU requires all legally authorised internet pharmacies to display a common logo certifying the legal status of stores for the sale of prescription medicines. Instead some people who buy drugs online get it from the first seemingly best website without doing much research into it. Understanding the demand side means that it is crucial to map social conditions and health-seeking behaviours of consumers. Why does, as a British study reports, a young man prefer buying potency medicines such as Viagra at an obviously illegal internet pharmacy instead of going to a high street pharmacy? And what leads a young woman to act in a similar way to get slimming pills rather than go to a doctor? Clearly, this could be down to people feeling ashamed to openly admit sexual dysfunction or problems with losing weight. But there is more to take into account. In Sweden, as in many other countries, we are seeing a shift of identity from care-seeking patients to care-competent consumers. As suggested in our survey, many people read up on what drugs they want before they go to a doctor and ask for it. If the doctor refuses, people may end up buying it from an illicit place. There are great efforts to tackle the problem though. Europe put in place a new regulatory directive to prevent falsified medicines from entering the pharmaceutical distribution chain in February The Falsified Medicines Directive , among other things, requires that each package must have a unique barcode to trace the products and check its contents. This is an important political intervention to regulate the EU pharmaceutical supply chain. But the global spread of fake medical products does not happen in a vacuum. This shift has eroded trust in the system and led to a rise of self-diagnosis and self-prescription that has boosted the market for unregulated websites with access to fake medical products. Ultimately, societies must act on different interfaces — from broad international cooperation between researchers, police, legislators and the pharmaceutical industry to understanding social issues and identity patterns. Edition: Available editions Europe. Become an author Sign up as a reader Sign in. Healthcare Internet shopping Fake drugs. Events More events.

Buying Heroin Lund