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Juvenile Delinquency in Tuguegarao City - 1. The Philippines, a developing country, possesses a majority of the poor or underprivileged and some areas in the country has become a breeding ground for youth offenders. In Tuguegarao City, a growing city in Northern Luzon, is becoming a machine for developing juvenile delinquents among youth. This paper explores the nature and status of juvenile delinquency in Tuguegarao City. Using data archiving, a total of cases of juvenile delinquency are discussed in-depth by the researchers. The findings revealed the case progress and case status of the juvenile delinquents, the status of juvenile delinquents, their ages and gender, and the offense they committed. The Philippines, a developing country, possesses a majority of the poor or underprivileged and some areas in the country had became a breeding ground for youth offenders. A delinquent youth refers to any male child who is in the age of 17 years or any female child who while under the age of 18 years violates any law of the state or is incorrigible or knowingly associates with thieves, vicious or immoral persons; or knowingly frequents a house of ill-repute; or knowingly frequents any policy shop or dram shop where intoxicating liquors are sold; or uses vile, obscene, vulgar, profane or indecent language in any public place or about any school house; or is guilty of indecent or lascivious conduct Teitelbaum, For several years, there is a space for delinquency in the society whereas it became part of custom in the justice system. Delinquency in the Philippines is a reality, but the scope and gravity of such behavior appears to be less than in other countries, such as the United States Shoemaker, In the previous studies of delinquency in the Philippines which is based upon official data gathered, indicates the typical delinquent to be years of age Shoemaker, Comparative studies were conducted on male-female patterns of delinquency identification Shoemaker, A report which was presented by the Council for the Welfare of Children CWC shows that more than 52, children from to were reported to be in conflict with the law. Although the exact number of Filipino child offenders is unknown, data from the Philippine National Police PNP indicates an increase in reported incidents on child offenses in the country from to As of , the data shows that theft is commonly committed by child offenders which counts to 1, followed by physical injuries with child offenders, robbery with child offenders, rape with child offenders and P. D with 58 child offenders which sums up 5, child offenders Yang, et. This study aims to explore the juvenile delinquency in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. The importance of this study is to give awareness to the society about the trend of juvenile delinquency in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. This study also heeds to the relevant role of children in the society. Furthermore, this study would want to draw attention to the status quo of the juvenile delinquents as most of the time they are discarded by the society. Moreover, this study would also like to be a body of knowledge in the scholarly works about juvenile delinquency in the Philippines. The result of this study humbly hopes that this will spark a discussion and be a benchmark of the government or any concerned private organization to systematize and help the juvenile system in the country. The implication of this study depicts the arising issue about the children in conflict with law as we explore the prevalence of children committing offenses and how it was resolved. This study mainstreams the response of the government and other organizations in preventing cases involving juvenile delinquency as well Hence, the result of the study will serve as one of the bases of government sectors and other organizations in neutralizing juvenile delinquency in Tuguegarao City. Juvenile delinquency refers to a wide range of acts from minor misbehaviour or status offenses such as skipping school and cheating on exams to violent personal offenses and other serious crimes. Property offenses. These are further classified as overt, covert property, swindling, and vandalism. An overt property offense is committed through the use of overt, forceful methods, committed with a heightened sense of daring lakas ng loob and in public view or with the risk of being in public view. A covert property offense involves stealing in the absence, or without the knowledge, of the victim and in which the act is hidden from public view. Swindling is acquiring property by means of trickery, often through verbal machinations and false pretences. Vandalism involves the destruction of property but not acquisition and is an expression of aggressive behaviour. Acts were considered to be violent when they involved physical or verbal aggression and preparation for or anticipation of physical confrontation. These acts are often committed with lakas ng loob. Violent offenses include robbery, hitting someone, involvement in a group fight, throwing objects at houses or people, carrying a hidden weapon, and shouting profanities at parents and teachers. The last offense, though not a physical act that typifies commonly known violent behaviour is qualified as violence because it is confrontational, is aggressive, seeks to damage emotionally, expresses open defiance, and can provoke a physical encounter. Drug, cigarette, and alcohol use. Consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs may normally be grouped under substance abuse. The more serious nature of drug abuse, compared to cigarette and alcohol use, is considered. The use of the latter two substances, in fact, is often regarded as a status offense. However, in this study, alcohol and cigarette use is a separate category from drug abuse and from status offenses. It is a person below the legal age of responsibility and above certain minimum age, who is held punishable for breaking the law Oxford Dictionary. In Philippine legal system, it refers to a child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as, having committed an offense under Philippines laws Section 4, R. Likewise, a blog baysingerlaw provided a list of leading factors to delinquency: 1 poor school attendance; 2 poor educational standards: 3 violence in the home; 4 violence in their social circles; 5 peer pressure; 6 socioeconomics factors; 7 substance use; and 8 lack of moral guidance. In every cause, effect will always follow. The aftertaste of delinquent acts are bitter. Physical damages to the victim, loss of freedom, loss ground academically, future consequences, trauma and instability of family, and increased government expenditure composed the effects of delinquency Barker, This law covers the different stages involving children at risk and children in conflict with the. It observes the vital role of children and youth in nation building, promotes the well-being of the children in different aspects, recognizes the rights of every children vital for their protection and is anchored to the principles of restorative justice Section 2. Section 5 lists the rights of a child in conflict with the law. Different sectors shall be responsible to the development, nurturing, educating not only the children in conflict with the law but the community per se about juvenile delinquency and their rights. Establishment of Local Council for the Protection of Children LCPC in all levels of local government to coordinate with and assist the LGU on a comprehensive plan on delinquency prevention and oversee its proper implementation Section Also, the JJWA provides for the development of a comprehensive juvenile intervention program that shall be instituted in LGUs from the barangay to the provincial level Section Children in conflict with the law shall undergo diversion programs Section Section 31 of JJWA specifically laid out kinds of diversion program that shall be adequate to the socio-cultural and psychological development of the child. Section 57 declares that any status offense committed by a child shall not be penalized. Persons below 18 years of age are exempt from the prosecution for the crime of vagrancy and prostitution Section of the Revised Penal Code , of mendicancy Presidential Decree No. Children in conflict with the law is as well exempted from the application of death penalty Section From initial contact of the authorities to the children, the former must refrain from branding the latter derogatory names or any other similar acts Section 60 and Age of criminal responsibility varies in different countries. Germany had set its ACR. Under Section 6 of the Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of , the minimum age of criminal responsibility is set to 15 years of age or under, the juvenile delinquents from this age bracket are exempted from criminal liability however, the child shall be subjected to intervention program. Their exemption from criminal liability does not include their exemption from civil liability Section 6, Juvenile Justice Welfare Act of Furthermore, since September , the 17th Congress of the Philippines passed several bills to lower the minimum age of criminal responsibility from 15 years to 9 years old Alhambra, Nature theories rely mainly on biochemical and gender factors to explain juvenile delinquency. The biochemical perspective holds that there is something inside the physical or genetic make-up of the person that makes him engage in delinquent or criminal acts Araneta-de Leon, Heidensohn believed that literature on the correlation of gender and delinquency is concentrated mainly on one of the major concepts, generalizability, which refers to whether theories that concentrated on males can be equally applicable to females. However due to the general assumption that gender roles or simply gender plays a bigger role in molding ones behaviour, gender now is an important link towards understanding delinquency. Shoemaker found out that male were twice as delinquent as females in Cagayan De Oro. Also, the study of Gutierrez and Shoemaker on students in Metro Manila shows that the prevalence of delinquency on male were higher than females. With these we can infer that female delinquency are less prevalent and serious than that of males. Vedder and Sommerville attributed female delinquency to negative female narcissism. Konopka emphasized psychological factors such as emotional dependency and loneliness to explain female delinquency. However by mids more scholarly works emerged to further explain female. The amount of theories about the delinquency have grown rapidly over the past few decades. Several of them explains the psychological factors on why youths became a delinquent, some discussed about the physiological factors and some biological. These theories generates a considerable body of knowledge about the correlates of juvenile delinquency. This study employed content qualitative research design as it is the best fit for this study. To materialize the objective of this study, the researchers made use of the data archiving method since the data needed were the records of juvenile delinquency for the past three years. Archived data are indexed and organized so it can be easily located and retrieved. A letter of approval to conduct the study was forwarded to University Research Center, to the office of the Dean of School of Education, Arts, Sciences and Health as well as to the office of the Vice President for Academics. After the letter of approval was signed, the researchers then proceeded to collect the data needed. The records collected after the data gathering procedure were carefully and systematically examined through qualitative content analysis. The data were then organized to attain the objective of this study. For Confrontation. Dismissed Referred. Figure 1. It can be seen that in year , five cases were filed in court, it decreased to one in and yielded the same result in Nine cases were referred to an office that specifically handled the case in , it slightly decreased to eight in However, cases referred escalated to ten in In , three cases were under investigation, it further increased to ten in and gradually diminished to five in On the other hand, four cases were settled in Additionally, only one case for confrontation appeared in Lastly, there is no dismissed case in and but one is only dismissed in Figure 2. In , six cases were uncleared and no uncleared cases appeared in two succeeding years. Moreover, there was no unsolved case recorded in but there were ten accounts of unsolved cases in and decline to five in Three cases were cleared in , increased to five in , and further increased to 8 in Finally, there were 15 solved cases in , it incrementally increased to 34 in and diminished to 24 in Figure 3. In , five CICLs were released and increased to eight in but declined to two in Also, 11 were arrested in , it escalated to 31 in and fell slightly to 26 in It shows in the results in that two CICLs were unrestrained or at-large, it rose to eight in and slightly drop to seven to There is only one CICL that was able to bail in and there was none in and Likewise, only one CICL was acquitted in and there was none in and Additionally, two CICLs were fortunately turned to shelter for rehabilitation and there was none in and However, in there were two CICLs that appeared in the record without the specifics of their whereabouts. Figure 6. There are four subtypes under property offenses specifically: Theft, Malicious Mischief, Estafa, and R. There was one account of theft recorded in , increased to four in , and further increased to eight in No record of malicious mischief appeared in then gradually increased to seven in but decreased to four in Furthermore, there was no record of estafa indicated in and but there was one in Additionally, a violation of R. There were four accounts of physical injury recorded in then gradually increased to 16 in , and diminished to three in There was no recorded crime of homicide in However, in , three CICLs committed homicide, then increased to four in Also, there was no recorded crime of murder in and , but there was one recorded in Five CICLs were involved in vehicular incident in and there was none in and Moreover, it appeared in and that there was no record of direct assault committed but there was one recorded in In violation in R. In , there was one CICL who committed robbery, doubled in , and climb to three in Under this type, only R. Five CICLs violated the aforementioned law in It increased to six in and decreased to three in It appeared in the data that status offenses were only committed in There was one CICL who violated a city ordinance, two were involved in illegal gambling, and two committed slander. It can be seen in the graph that Violence with a total number of 55 is the prime type of crime that is mostly committed by CICLs. Data from to provided the researchers the content they need to materialize the objective of this study. In , most of the cases were referred. This means that, it, the cases of the juvenile delinquents, was brought to higher offices or to a court that specifically handles the crime the child committed. Meanwhile, in , majority of the cases were settled, meaning, disputes were solved before the end of the trial. Among the different types of crime, juvenile delinquents in Tuguegarao City were more involved in crimes that involves violence and property offenses. Physical injury was the most common charged offense against the children under this type of crime, followed by homicide and R. While in property offense the most common was theft followed by malicious mischief, R. Significantly large number of juveniles were reported to assaulting someone with the intention of inflicting serious harm Snyder and Sickmund, Soriano stated in her scholarly work that theft and robbery crimes were the most common crime committed by the juvenile delinquents. The use of drugs, cigarettes and alcohol were slightly common in Tuguegarao City in the span of three years. Status offenses were rarely committed during those years. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse CASA reported that in four of every five youth arrestees in state juvenile justice system are under the influence of alcohol or drugs while committing their crimes. Their finding include youths under the influence of marijuana and cocaine, alongside, they also found out accounts of property offenses, assaults, vandalism and disorderly conduct. Majority of the cases were solved. Furthermore, results revealed that juveniles are arrested when they committed an act in violation with laws or ordinances implemented by the city government. Moreover, this study determined that violence and property offenses are mostly committed by children in conflict with law in Tuguegarao City. Further research should be conducted not only in Tuguegarao but the whole Cagayan Province in order to know the status quo of the juvenile delinquency in Cagayan. Aldaba-Lim, E. Toward understanding the juvenile delinquent. Bustamante Press. Acoca, L. Alhambra, Anna Marie V. Agnew, R. Socioeconomic status, economic problems, and delinquency. Akers, R. Socio-economic status and delinquent behavior: A retest. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 1 1 , As cited in: Gutierrez, F. Self-Reported delinquency of high school students in Metro Manila: Gender and social class. Araneta — de Leon Rosalea Cornelia. Bautista, Rosa Maria J. Law Center, Quezon City: Belknap, J. Understanding incarcerated girls: The results of a focus group study. The Prison Journal, 77 4 , Berger, R. Female delinquency in the emancipation era: A review of the literature. Sex Roles, 21 , Sex differences in self-reported delinquency. Criminology, 20, Most of juvenile offenders use drugs, alcohol. Chesney-Lind, M. Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Gender matters: Patterns in girls' delinquency and gender responsive programming. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 1 3 , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Dodge, K. Aggression and Antisocial Behavior in Youth. Eisenberg, W. Lerner Eds. Elliott, D. Gender, delinquency, and society: A comparative study of male and female offenders and juvenile justice in Britain. Brookfield, VT: Avebury. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States. Washington, DC: U. Department of Justice. As cited in: Chesney-Lind, M. Gutierrez, F. Hartjen, C. Gender, peers, and delinquency:A study of boys and girls in rural France. Heidensohn, F. Gender and crime. Maguire, R. Morgan Eds. Oxford, UK: Clarendon. Measuring delinquency. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Mayer, D. Reiman Book Review. Crime, Law and Social Change, 5 3 , Self- Reported delinquency of high school students in Metro Manila: Gender and social class. Mayuga, Jonathan L. Juvenile Criminals: Waiting for that second chance. Mullis, R. Female juvenile offending: A review of characteristics and contexts. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 13 2 , — Niarhos, F. Ozbay, O. Palmore, E. Interacting factors in juvenile delinquency. American Sociological Review, Philippine Action for Youth Offender Raymundo, C. The modern profile of Filipino youth. Raymundo, P. Domingo Eds. Rosenblatt, E. Female crimes of violence. Canadian J. Sabangan, Annie Ruth C. Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Shoemaker, D. Delinquency in the Philippines: a description. Philippine Sociological Review, Snyder, H. Juvenile offenders and victims: national report NCJ Soriano, Y. The Problem of Youth Offenders: When children commit adult crimes. Templa et al. Tittle, C. Criminology, 28 2 , Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Yang, S. Article of the Revised Penal Code. Barker, L. Republic Act No. Open navigation menu. Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Uploaded by erica gacias. The document discusses a study on juvenile delinquency in Tuguegarao City, Philippines. It analyzed cases of juvenile delinquency, finding that the majority were males between ages Common offenses included theft, physical injuries, robbery, and rape. The study aims to explore the nature and status of juvenile delinquency in the city. It discusses factors that can lead to delinquency like poverty, peer pressure, substance abuse, and lack of guidance. The conclusion discusses how the Philippines strengthened its juvenile justice system through the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of Save Save 2. AI-enhanced title and description. Document Information click to expand document information The document discusses a study on juvenile delinquency in Tuguegarao City, Philippines. Original Title 2. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Download now. Jump to Page. Search inside document. ABSTRACT The Philippines, a developing country, possesses a majority of the poor or underprivileged and some areas in the country has become a breeding ground for youth offenders. Significance of the Study The importance of this study is to give awareness to the society about the trend of juvenile delinquency in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. This law covers the different stages involving children at risk and children in conflict with the law from prevention to rehabilitation and reintegration Section 1. Profile of Juvenile Delinquents A. Age Age of criminal responsibility varies in different countries. Gender Nature theories rely mainly on biochemical and gender factors to explain juvenile delinquency. However by mids more scholarly works emerged to further explain female delinquency Adler, Instrument To materialize the objective of this study, the researchers made use of the data archiving method since the data needed were the records of juvenile delinquency for the past three years. Data Analysis The records collected after the data gathering procedure were carefully and systematically examined through qualitative content analysis. The case status of juvenile delinquents 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 0 Uncleared Cleared Solved Figure 2. The case progress of juvenile delinquents In , most of the cases were referred. Sisters in crime. New York: McGraw-Hill. Care of the Juvenile Offenders in the Philippines. Bruck, C. Women against the law. Human Behavior, 4 12 , Cohen, A. Delinquent boys. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Council for the Welfare of Children Situation of the Filipino Children. Deming, R. Women: The new criminals. Explaining Crime. Puzzanchera et al. Juvenile Court Statistics, Raymundo, C. Simmons, A. A century of juvenile justice. University of Chicago Press. Document 11 pages. Bsa Leadership Pos Document 9 pages. Juvenile-Delinquency Research Document 36 pages. Research Final Outcome Document 18 pages. Thesis Abstract 1. Title Document 50 pages. Thesis Juvenile Deliquency Document 33 pages. Chapter 1 To 3 Document 26 pages. Grapes 1 5 Document 92 pages. Thesis Finalist Document 42 pages. Curfew Ordinance Docc.. Background of The Study Document 4 pages. Curfew Research Final Document 30 pages. Final Research Capsule Nooby Document 34 pages. Edgar Document 38 pages. Chapter 1 Document 13 pages. Research Manuscript Document 37 pages. Research Final 2 Document 8 pages. Local Media Document 44 pages. Research g7 BWC Document 38 pages. Efficiency of Law Enforcer and It Document 90 pages. Theoretical Framework Document 7 pages. Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation Document 11 pages. CA Lecture 3 Document 29 pages. Group 3 Research Document 14 pages. Juvenile Delinquency Research Document 10 pages. Final Case Study Document 25 pages. Final Manuscript Document 73 pages. Thesis Final Ch. RRL Document 2 pages. Hardboundlakim Estrada Chapters Edited Document 43 pages. Juvenile Delinquency Document 20 pages. 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