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But in-depth reporting is costly, so to continue this vital work, we have an ambitious goal to add 5, new members. We rely on readers like you to fund our journalism. Will you support our work and become a Vox Member today? Ecuador was known for peace, but it has become one of the most violent countries in South America. The following day, armed gang members stormed the TC Television news program, broadcasting their hostage-taking and violence live to make an announcement of their own. It was far from the only act of shocking violence the country has suffered this week. Prisons were taken over in violent riots , bombs were set off in multiple locations, and police and prison guards were kidnapped and murdered. At least 10 people were killed in gang attacks, including police, and over a hundred prison staff were taken hostage. While there are factors that accelerated a spike in crime over the last couple of years, experts say this is a story nearly a decade in the making. Sandwiched between the two, Ecuador often acted as a drug transit country, but it did not suffer from the violence and armed conflict that plagued its neighbors. Then in , the FARC largely demobilized — a historic peace process for Colombia, but also one that created a power vacuum in northern Ecuador. Simultaneously, cocaine demand started shifting drastically, declining in the US and surging in Europe, where since cocaine seizures have quadrupled, according to Freeman. This has all had terrifying effects for the country. For years, Ecuador had one of the lowest murder rates in the region, but homicides have more than quadrupled since Bombings, assassinations, and shootouts have proliferated. In , when headless corpses were found suspended from a bridge in the city of Esmeraldas, some analysts concluded that the kind of cartel violence that terrorized Mexican cities like Juarez in the s had found a new home in Ecuador. Last year, a presidential candidate, who had reportedly received threats from the local affiliates of the Sinaloa cartel , was assassinated. While former President Guillermo Lasso attempted to crack down on gangs , increasing police presence and even deploying the military failed to contain the violence. Experts and former local officials say that not only has the government failed to curtail the violence, it may be abetting it as well. Bukele was elected in promising to end the gang violence epidemic that contributed to El Salvador once having the highest murder rate in the world; he has largely done so via a campaign of mass arrests that has made him domestically popular even as it has been criticized for widespread human rights abuse. Ecuador has already been transformed. Experts say Ecuador needs to first address the systemic corruption and infiltration of state institutions that have allowed gangs to amass their power. And really, Walsh says, a new regional approach that addresses the international nature of narcotrafficking is needed to ensure Ecuador does not continue down the path of spiraling violence that has destabilized its neighbors — including rethinking drug prohibition altogether. Understand the world with a daily explainer plus the most compelling stories of the day. Will he take it? What the author saw in Palestine. Looking to understand the Israel-Hamas war? Start with these Vox podcast episodes. The acclaimed writer takes on another intractable problem. Skip to main content The homepage Vox Vox logo. The homepage Vox Vox logo. Navigation Drawer. Become a Member. Vox Vox logo Cocaine, cartels, and corruption: The crisis in Ecuador, explained. Support Vox. Cocaine, cartels, and corruption: The crisis in Ecuador, explained Ecuador was known for peace, but it has become one of the most violent countries in South America. Facebook Link. He previously worked as a senior Latin America and Caribbean analyst covering the region and has reported on civil conflict and politics from Central America. Can Ecuador reverse course? Most Popular. The new burnout generation. Member Exclusive. Today, Explained Understand the world with a daily explainer plus the most compelling stories of the day. Email required. By submitting your email, you agree to our Terms and Privacy Notice. Advertiser Content From. More in World Politics. Why not? What happens next? Ta-Nehisi Coates on complexity, clarity, and truth. Vox podcasts tackle the Israel-Hamas war. Is the Israeli military ever leaving Gaza? Israel Oct By Ellen Ioanes. World Politics Oct By Joshua Keating. The Gray Area Oct By Sean Illing. Podcasts Oct 7. By Vox Staff. World Politics Oct 7. Culture Oct 6 Member Exclusive. By Constance Grady. The Latest. Investing can be intimidating. Where do I even start? The big political shift that explains the election. Oct I left my religion. Should I still raise my kid with it?

Cocaine, cartels, and corruption: The crisis in Ecuador, explained

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And we are complicit in this violence and mayhem. W hat happened in Ecuador a few weeks ago, when the country descended into gang violence and TV journalists were seen by millions cowering in front of people pointing high-powered weapons at their heads, was described in many ways. It had never happened in this form, on this scale, anywhere else. It was not comparable to the uprisings that came before. The only goals of the drug-trafficking cartels are to force political and economic power to negotiate, to obtain impunity, to have room for manoeuvre to defend their own affairs and, ultimately, to remind politicians of any orientation that their legitimation is possible only by consent of the cartels. There were at least 75 deaths , but it was a momentary insurgency of the ghettoes ruled by Dudus. All of these incidents have one element in common: when governments disadvantage the interests of criminal groups or favour the extradition of bosses, the cartels intervene with the same methods that they would use if they were facing criminal rivals — as equals. The drug coup has one strategy — to generate chaos, violence, fear and terror — and the approach is simple: shoot anyone, litter the streets with bombs, make the prisons riot, make ordinary life impossible. There is no military direction, the tools are basic. Every trafficker can draw inspiration from what they see other members doing on social networks; it is therefore impossible to break the chain of command. Fito escaped from prison in Guayaquil but no one noticed until 7 January, just before he was due to be transferred to a high-security prison. When the Ecuadorian president, Daniel Noboa, learned of the escape, he declared a state of emergency for 60 days. That decision led to the insurrection. It is easy to understand why: a state of emergency means a halt to the activities of the cartel, with millions of dollars lost every day, and this may well have prompted someone to betray Fito — by killing him or handing him over to the police — to be able to resume business. These are the rules of mafia capitalism: loyalty only to the power that allows you to do business. Fito would have ordered the insurrection to save himself. They hoped to find a new hub for the shipment of coca to North America, and especially to Europe and Asia, but there was another reason. A large proportion of the coca departed from Venezuela, a failed state with a criminal cartel completely allied to the military, the Cartel de los Soles Cartel of the Suns , which through managing the transportation of coca drives up the price. To end that control, from the Sinaloa cartel started talking with a small criminal group in Ecuador: Los Choneros. That first conversation involved 10 people. Los Choneros fulfilled that task, so Sinaloa gave it an additional duty: to refine the coca that passes from Colombia to Ecuador. Then the big task: after storage and refining came shipment, as Los Choneros managed to gain control of the ports. Two incidents in recent years tell us much about the centrality of Ecuador in the drug trade: a shipment seized in heading for Georgia , and another shipment seized in May by authorities in Armenia. Ecuadorian or Mexican drug trafficking has started to fill eastern Europe with coca, capitalising on the scarcity of port controls after Covid and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. So how did the government of Ecuador react to the drug coup? Exactly as the cartel expected: with an escalation of violence. But this will not resolve things: Los Choneros has priced in the carnage in its ranks, but it knows that the government will have to negotiate sooner or later. The violence is ingrained. In August, Fernando Villavicencio, the most significant rival of the current president, was killed , with the Ecuadorian cartels thought to be responsible. Of these, Villavicencio is interesting because he wanted to strengthen relations with Britain. More than 18 tonnes of cocaine were seized in England and Wales in the year ending March , much of which — according to the National Crime Agency — was handled by the Albanian cartels who source their supplies in Ecuador. In fact, the base of one of the most organised groups of the Albanian mafia, Kompania Bello , was moved to Ecuador. An exodus of drug traffickers from every part of the world to the coast of Ecuador is due to the increase in cocaine production. This figure has not stopped growing. Ecuador seized world headlines on the day the TV studios were invaded but the world has moved on — not least because in the comfort of Europe, we have afforded ourselves the luxury of ignoring these killings, and even more so to the growing demand for cocaine coming from every corner of the world. That demand comes from our place of comfort. We have been unable, perhaps unwilling, to truly analyse what is occurring. As a result, we have allowed the criminal cartels to eat western democracies from the inside. What is happening in Ecuador is a story that concerns everyone, because drug use is not an exception now but the norm. Last year, an international study found that British people have become the second-biggest cocaine users in the world. And it is not just a moral issue, because drug trafficking and mafias mean doped markets, businesses with unfair competition, corruption and manipulation of public consensus, and, ultimately, the destruction of democratic rules of government. The absence of serious reflection on drug addiction and consumption, of meaningful discussion on drug legalisation, leads exactly to what is happening in Mexico and Ecuador. Pay attention to the violent scenes on the streets of Ecuador and you will understand what mafias are capable of. We have two paths ahead of us: we either deal seriously with drug trafficking, or drug trafficking will continue, by military means, to occupy democracy — or what remains of it. Do you have an opinion on the issues raised in this article? If you would like to submit a response of up to words by email to be considered for publication in our letters section, please click here. Plainclothes police arrest suspects in Guayaquil, Ecuador, amid surging gang violence in the South American country. This article is more than 8 months old. Roberto Saviano. View image in fullscreen. Read more. Reuse this content. Most viewed.

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