Buy Cocaine Furano
Buy Cocaine FuranoBuy Cocaine Furano
__________________________
📍 Verified store!
📍 Guarantees! Quality! Reviews!
__________________________
▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼ ▼▼
▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲ ▲▲
Buy Cocaine Furano
JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Home Search results for: 'contact colaship. Search results for: 'contact colaship. Worldwide Delivery. Established in Best Quality Parkas.
Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) is a chemical in cleaning solutions and nail polish. In the body, GBL is converted to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a date-rape drug.
Buy Cocaine Furano
Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Medicinal plants have a long track record of use in history, and one of them is Commiphora myrrh which is commonly found in the southern part of Arabia, the northeastern part of Africa, in Somalia, and Kenya. Relevant literatures were accessed via Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to give updated information on the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological action of Commiphora myrrh. It has been used traditionally for treating wounds, mouth ulcers, aches, fractures, stomach disorders, microbial infections, and inflammatory diseases. It is used as an antiseptic, astringent, anthelmintic, carminative, emmenagogue, and as an expectorant. Its essential oil has applications in cosmetics, aromatherapy, and perfumery. Research has shown that it exerts various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, analgesic, anti-parasitic, and recently, it was found to work against respiratory infections like COVID With the advancement in drug development, hopefully, its rich phytochemical components can be explored for drug development as an insecticide due to its great anti-parasitic activity. Also, its interactions with drugs can be fully elucidated. This review highlights an updated information on the history, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical components, pharmacology, and various biological activities of Commiphora myrrh. Graphical summary of the phytochemical and pharmacological update of Commiphora myrrh. Resinous extract of plant origin has been regarded as an important plant resource in traditional medicine. Their effects and applications in traditional medicine are obtainable in Egyptian, Roman, Greek, and Chinese literatures. Species of Commiphora exist as small trees or shrubs having rough and thorny branches. The species Commiphora myrrh found in the southern part of Arabia to the north-eastern part of Africa mainly Somalia and the north-eastern part of Kenya is responsible for the production of the true myrrh. Myrrh, which has its origin from Arabia, is an extract that is produced by secretory tissues found on the bark of Commiphora species. Commiphora is from the family of Burseraceae which has more than species of plant spread across subtropical and tropical regions, particularly north-east Africa, southern Arabia, and India Demissew Species of the genus Commiphora are defined as small trees or shrubs having spinescent branches and bark that has pale-gray discharge or a reddish-brown resin. Resins produced by Commiphora have applications in fragrances, bouquet and as ointment in embalmment process, while their therapeutic applications have been gaining recognition in gradation among mankind. They are reported as having applications in traditional system of medicine for the management of all manner of ailments like wounds, ache, joint inflammation, fractures, parasitic infection, obesity, and gastrointestinal diseases Abdul-Ghani et al. Different types of bioactive constituents such as steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, sugars, etc. Reviews on the hypo-lipidemic activity of guggul, a resin from Commiphora mukul , was reported Sahni et al. Commiphora molmol resin has been particularly applied in Egypt as an anti-parasitic drug, and the therapeutic applications were recently outlined Abdul-Ghani et al. The hypolipidemic property of guggul-sterol Sharma et al. Myrrh can be defined as an oleo-gum resin produced by different Commiphora species. Myrrh resin constituents soluble in alcohol are commiphorinic acids, commiphoric acids, commiferin, heerabomyrrhols, and heeraboresene Rao et al. One triterpenoid each was reportedly isolated from Commiphora incisa resin and Commiphora kua resin, the importance of each in chemotaxonomy was equally emphasized Provan and Waterman The volatile oil fraction was reported to be composed of various bioactive constituents including elemol, eugenol, esters, cinnamaldehyde, cadinene cumicalcohol, cuminaldehyde, m-cresol, dipentene, limonine, pinene, sesquiterpenes, furano-sesquiterpenes heerabolene, and terpenes, Rao et al. Hydrolyzing the gum gives galactose, 4—0-mythylglucuronic acid, arabinose, and xylose Leung The major composition of terpenes in myrrh is furano-sesequiterpenoids with elemane, eudes-mane, guaiane, or runcates, structures Bisset and Wichtl It has a peculiar odor resulting from furano-sesquiterpenes Bruneton , which is likely to be a significant constituent of pharmaceutical myrrh Wichtl Myrrh can be regarded as a transduce from Commiphora , family Burseraceae, tree bark Fig. This genus is made up of over species, having its distribution in the arid, tropical and subtropical regions Tucker The species, Commiphora myrrha Nees Engl. This species has other synonyms; Balsamodendron myrrha Nees or C. Its bioactive constituents such as furanodienes curzerene and lindestrene furanoeudesma-1,3-diene are sources of the fragrance emitted by myrrh and of its analgesic property Dolara et al. Myrrh is recognized for its therapeutic properties since the ancient times and has been used extensively in the treatment of wounds, management of aches, inflammation of the joints, parasitic infections, obesity, and gastrointestinal diseases in the ancient Egypt Abdul-Ghani et al. The aromatic and transuding resins produced by the stem-bark of Commiphora species Burseraceae family are characterized as yellowish to reddish brown powder having a nicely bitter taste with a slight irritable balsamic smell Hanus et al. Commiphora myrrha Akbar Commiphora genus is from Commiphora myrrh tree. It is a flower producing plant classified into Burseraceae family Alyafei, Burseraceae with origin from the arid, tropical, subtropical, and arid regions has species close to Gadir and Ahmed, Traditionally, it is called C. Myrrh essential oils are used as an adorning agent, incense, and bioactive agents. These oils are mainly made up of terpenoids and terpenes. In addition, myrrh possesses active ingredients that are of pharmaceutical importance, such as sesquiterpene lactones, used in the treatment of some ailments Singh Commiphora myrrha , gum in nature Alyafei, The most studied and most frequently used species of Commiphora are C. These species resins have shown an array of pharmacological activities in treating wound, mouth ulcer, aches, fracture, stomach disorders, microbial infection, and inflammatory disease. In Unani medicine, gums are used as antiseptic, astringent, anthelmintic, carminative, emmenagogue, expectorant, and stomachic. They are also applied in combination with other drugs in preventive medicine against epidemic diseases and used ectopically in gouty and painful joints, and for the treatment of wounds. Sesquiterpenoids having an array of pharmacological properties were resin extracts menthofuran and furanoeudesma 1,3-dieneare known as major components in myrrh oil. In rats, myrrh hydro suspension can protect the gastric mucosa against various ulcer inducing agent, while the ethanolic extract was reported in mice to be anti-inflammatory against acute and chronic inflammation. Akbar In a study on Egyptian patients infected with tinidazole and methronidazole resistant T. In Italy, RCT of myrrh extract in patients experiencing aches from various etiologies, like fever- associated ache, joint ache, lower back ache, muscle aches, headaches, and dysmenorrhea, was observed to have significantly alleviated the aches Akbar The medicinal importance of the myrrh, guggulin, a resin from an Indian C. A variety of sesquiterpenes with different pharmacological activities have been reported from the resin Xu et al. Menthofuran and Furanoeudesma 1,3-diene were shown in report as the main bioactive compounds present in myrrh oil. Another ancient use of myrrh was in embalming by the Egyptians in ancient times. Also, its oil has for long being used in treating Candida albicans , Tinea pedis fungal infections, and subcutaneous wound Stevensen The documentations from British Herbal Pharmacopoeia de Rapper et al. Organizations such as the European Commission Blumenthal approved the use of myrrh in the management of mild inflammation topically of the pharyngeal and oral mucosa. In Chinese medical system, myrrh is also regarded as an important drug for curing syphilis, leprosy, and rheumatism Nomicos A decoction of myrrh is traditionally used in the treatment of stomach ache in Somalia and Ethiopia de Rapper et al. Terpenoids have been shown to exhibit different pharmacological activities together with anti-molluscic Borkosky et al. Other diseases such as aches, arthritis, and inflammatory diseases have been treated Ding and Staudinger In Egypt, C. In Arabian medical system, myrrh is reportedly applied in the stomach and inflammatory disease management Al-Harbi et al. Myrrha or C. Usually, it is co-administered with frankincense management of trauma, aches, swelling, inflammation of the joints, and fractures Al-Bishri and Al-Attas It has a wide application in dermatology for the treatment of sores, skin ulcer, and empyrosis Shen et al. The ability of myrrh to break up coagulated blood and promote circulation of blood is the bases for its usage in the treatment of arthritis, fracture, trauma as well as tumors Singhuber et al. China has now become the biggest myrrh importing country in the world, and its most application is in medicine Coppen In the bible, it was related that Christ was given myrrh at birth. Thus, it was rated higher costing much more than gold. The greatest of all medieval clinicians, al-Razi, a Muslim physician, used myrrh to treat diseases of the kidneys and bladder, and to dissipate swellings in the stomach. Myrrh belongs to Burseraceae family, being a fragranced oleo gum resin produced as a transude from Commiphora myrrha stem bark. Reports have shown that it is an effective anti-parasitic and microbicidal agent with marked activities on glandular fever, gingivitis, mouth ulcers, sinusitis, brucellosis Abdel-Hay et al. Furthermore, myrrh volatile oil and its crude extracts have shown various pharmacological activities including microbicidal, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, sedative actions Massoud et al. Generally, the Chinese medical system suggested that myrrh has potent synergistic therapeutic activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, blood activation, and antibacterial effects upon use with frankincense Sadowska-Bartosz et al. In rats, an aqueous suspension of myrrh was reported to protect the gastric mucosa from various ulcerogenic agents Al-Harbi et al. While in mice, ethanolic extract showed anti-inflammatory activity on acute and chronic inflammation Atta and Alkofahi In dermatology, essential oils of myrrh and ethanolic extracts inhibited the growth of these dermatophytes: Microsporum gypseum , Microsporum canis , Trichophyton rubrum , Trichophyton mentagrophytes , and Trichophyton verrucosum including the oil was more potent Mahboubi and Kashani Myrrh protects basically by preventing hepatocyte alteration and significantly reducing the portal areas granulomas. It also ameliorates fibrosis intercellularly as observed in mice infected with bilharzia Massoud et al. A related form of protection has been observed with an Egyptian strain of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice Massoud et al. At sub-toxic doses, myrrh oil was reported to have stimulated the production of IL-6 and IL-8 not through the epithelia cells but by human gingival fibroblasts. In terms of toxicity, myrrh has been reported to be highly toxic on EAC cell-bearing mice, while its biological action on tumor cells was equated to CP Ai-Harbi et al. Myrrh emulsion has shown good antioxidant potential and guards against hepatic oxidative damage and immunotoxicity on exposure to lead acetate by downregulating LPO and stimulating antioxidant and immune defense mechanisms Ashry et al. About hepatocarcinogenesis in rats induced by DEN, resin extracts showed a significant decrease in tumor proliferation, circulating markers of inflammation, liver LPO, NO, and angiogenesis Mahmoud et al. However, biochemical parameters showed no improvement or delay in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by DEN El-Shahat et al. A strong antithrombotic activity has also been reported by myrrh extract Olajide Studies have shown over molecules from the genus Commiphora. This review is important as it presents findings of over a decade including phytochemical regularities of this genus. A broad summary of metabolite structures and resources under structural types and classification was provided by the Supplementary Data. On the aspect of phytochemicals from this genus, emphasis should be made on: i Terpenoids particularly those of the sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids as they are the predominant bioactive constitutes of the genus. Commiphora species resins were administered based on recommendations of the traditional medicine systems of China, India, Egypt, etc. Hence, these genus resins are the most investigated product with a potential of discovering bioactive compounds. Studies on the phytochemicals of resin from C. Approximately 20 different types of furano-sesquiterpenoid compounds have been isolated and characterized from exudates of myrrh Su et al. Furthermore, two pure compounds, 2-methoxyfuranodiene and 2-acetoxyfuranodiene belonging to furano-sesquiterpenoid family, were isolated from C. Monoterpenoids are seen majorly in volatile oils, characterized using the GC technique. Several studies have reportedly used GC analysis for the characterization of Commiphora species volatile oils, such as C. Observations on the constitution of volatile oils obtained from species of Commiphora varied significantly. In volatile oil, sesquiterpenoids having a lower degree of oxidation play an important role. Abundance of furanosesquiterpenoids in the genus Commiphora can be used to define the genus. Elemanolide 4 , guaianolide 5 , and cadinanolide 6 and 7 isolated from C. Similarly, these two compounds, cembrane and verticillane, are diterpenoids found in same species. A pimarane diterpenoids, aracopimaric acid 8 , and two abietane diterpenoids, abietic acid 9 including dehydroabietic acid 10 , were all C. Triterpenoids were the most biologically active compounds identified in resin of species of Commiphora; however, flavonoids and lignans majorly occur in the plant stem Shen et al. The main bioactive components in essential oils reported from different species of Commiphora were sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and monoterpenes, that is different in different species Marongiu et al. Triterpenoids constitute the largest number of bioactive constituents isolated and purified from species of Commiphora. They include cycloartane, dammarane, oleanane, octanordammarane, runca, anostane polypodane, and ursane. The largest group of triterpenoids are the dammarane with over twenty-one of them being identified in resins from four species including C. Cycloartane triterpenoids 11—20 having new replacement at carbon C-2 were reported from C. Also, isolated from C. These compounds generated attention due to the potent antitumor, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory activities they possess Shishodia et al. Among the Commiphora species are additional types of bioactive constituents including flavonoids, lignans, carbohydrates, and long chain aliphatic derivatives. The gum of Commiphora has been reported to consist of carbohydrate that basically exists as polysaccharide Kumar and Shankar The gum yields mono or disaccharide on hydrolysis. Resins oozing out of Commiphora species are devoid of flavonoids unlike the flower, stem, and bark. Long chain aliphatic derivatives of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxy like guggultetrol and D-xylo-guggultetrol have been reported in the gum Patil et al. They usually occur in nature as glycoside or runcat acid ester Shen et al. In Ayurvedic medicine, resin from C. Resin extract from C. A significant inhibition of NO formation by methanol resin extract of C. Isolated compounds, polypodane triterpenoids, cembrane diterpenoids, lignans, and steroids have been studied for COX inhibitory activity and NO production. In lipopolysaccharide activated mouse peritoneal macrophages, myrrhanol A 23 and mukulol 25 were reported to have inhibitory action nitric oxide synthase iNOS induction Matsuda et al. E-guggulsterone 22 and Cembrene 26 were reported to be the most active in COX inhibition. The anti-inflammatory properties of Z-guggulsterones and E-guggulsterones 21 and 22 were reported, eliciting their anti-inflammatory activity by subduing NF-kB activation and NF-kB regulated gene products expression Shishodia and Aggarwal ; Lv et al. Kimura et al. It, therefore, has the prospect of being developed into an anti-inflammatory drug. Also, it suppresses down-regulation of cytokine synthesis, a reaction to a decreased interferon-gamma and interleukin-beta production. Su et al. However, CWE was stronger in suppressing carrageenan-induced mice paw edema at 2 and 3 h after drug was administered. Reports showed the anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from C. Extract from the stem of C. Friedelin, an isolated from Commiphora berryi and its pet. These compounds, Myrrhone 27 , rel-3R-meth-oxy-4S-furanogermacra-1E,10 15 -dienone 28 , and rel-2R-methoxy-4R-furanogermacr-1 10 E-enone 29 present in the extract were proposed to have exhibited the anti-edematous activity of the plant Fraternale et al. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of isolated compounds, mansumbinoic acid 30 and 2a,3b,trihydroxyoleanene 31 , were reportedly studied Fourie and Snyckers ; Duwiejua et al. Evidence from literatures showed C. This further establishes application in Ayurvedic medicine. Steroids 21 and 22 and triterpenoids 23 and 24 present in C. The extracts and compounds mechanistic activity from the genus Commiphora as it relates to signaling pathways, multiple inflammation-related proteins were highlighted. Compounds of the class diterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, sterols, and triterpenes present in high quantity in myrrha extracts that may serve as electron donors react with free radicals converting them to a more stable product thereby terminating the radical chain reactions. This is a corroborated Fraternale et al. The same authors made suggestion that the action could be attributed to three compounds, 2-methoxy-furanogermacrenone myrrhone and 3-methoxy-furano germacradienoneall of the furano-sesquiterpenoids family. Triterpenes ursolic and oleanolic acid and essential oils in the resins of C. It is then safe to conclude that essential oil of C. Biological activity of myrrh on viruses and bacteria has been reported in literatures. Empirical evidences have shown that myrrh extracts possess effects on virus by virtue of which these extracts possess antibacterial and antiviral activities on different virus strains Khalil et al. In a particular study, bactericidal, fungicidal, and anti-viral activities of myrrh essential oil extracts suggested their potential in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and virus strains Brochot et al. Also, in a study, essential oils from myrrh showed antiviral activities against two viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 HSV-1 and influenza virus type A H1N1. Myrrh was observed to act by free viral particles direct inactivation and disrupting the virion envelope structures which major role is in host cell virus invasion Brochot et al. Another mechanism by which the extracts bring about their activity is by the inhibition of the enzyme, DNA polymerase in viral strains, thereby, hampering virus resistance to specific medications. Therefore, development of new antiviral drugs from the extracts with specific target on DNA holds a lot of prospects Brochot et al. Generally, plants Eos are a mixture of different constituents Burt Specific compounds from phenols were suggested to show the microbicidal activities of Eos Ben Arfa et al. Also, four terpene molecule activities present in some Eos were investigated on the food pathogens and spoilage bacteria organisms. Since disruption of cellular membranes was reported to be caused by Eos and their constituents Kapros and McDaniel , studies on their cytotoxicity have been carried out using bacteria cell model in vitro Boffa et al. Studies on PE myrrh extract using diffusion test showed antimicrobial potential on C. The extract of EtOH showed potent action against the strains tested. However, greater activity was observed against C. The anti-fungal activity exhibited on C. Methanol extract tested on C. From the resins oozing out of Commiphora myrrha was isolated runcate type sesquiterpenes, i. Commiphoins A—C 1—3 , the novel runcate type of sesquiterpenes, including two common runcate type of sesquiterpenes 4 and 5 were gotten the extracts of Commiphora myrrha resinous. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, natural or synthetic, have been shown to be commonly applied as insecticides or nootropic drug for boosting memory in patients having amnesia. Many bioactive constituents have been established to have the ability to inhibit AchE which helps in boosting cerebral activity or ameliorate disease symptoms relating to it Teibo et al. In Mesopotamia, the species commonly used to produce essential oils used in aromatherapy is Commiphora myrrha Nees , Engler Watt and Sellar Computational prediction using silico tools has been used to model the ADMET and putative anticholinesterase potentials of bioactive compounds in myrrh. Bioactive constituents from C. On these bases, terpenoid compounds 25 out of 28 from myrrh served as dual inhibitors due to the hydrophobic interactions using both peripheral anionic site PAS of AchE, and catalytic triad while hydrogen bonding was used between AchE and alpha-terpineol, elemol, and eugenol Hussein et al. Medicines of plant origin like Commiphora myrrha CM have traditional application in Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes management in certain regions of Africa and Arabia. Several studies have shown that in diabetic animal models, CM reduced blood glucose, and increased insulin concentration is achieved with CM. It is, however, not fully clear the mechanism employed by CM in achieving glycemic control in the animals Al-Romaiyan et al. Increase in insulin production that was concentration dependent was observed on exposure of MIN6 cells to CM resin solution 0. When islet of the mouse was incubated with CM 0. Although, a remarkable absorption of trypan blue dye and apoptosis accompanied higher concentrations of CM. In ancient times, myrrh has been used as analgesics, which is possibly due to bioactive constituents present in them acting as pain relievers El Ashry et al. Two sesquiterpenoid compounds, furanocudesma-1, 3-diene, and curzerene present have been reported to be acting on the receptors opioid in the central nervous system, bringing about anesthetic activity El Ashry et al. Also, furanocudesma-1, 3-diene in myrrh, particularly the ones isolated from Commiphora mukul have been reported to provide significant relief from abdominal pain and improving health hyperalgesia. Hence, these extracts bring about their effects by relieving peripheral nerve pain resulting from chronic compressive damages to the sciatic nerves. These extracts have been reported to be applied as a substitute medication in the management of nerve pain Mehta and Tripathi In addition, some isolate such as furanocudesma-1, 3-diene and lindestrene present in myrrh were reported to relief pain by acting on nerves and body joints. These compounds bring about their effects by suppression of the molecule prostaglandin and hinder the inward movement of sodium current thereby ameliorating the feeling of pain Nomicos The presence of the compound furanodiene in high amount acts by lowering pain resulting from fever Gadir and Ahmed One of the most effective non-surgical cancer treatments is targeting apoptosis, a characteristic of cancer cells. Targeted attack on apoptosis holds the possibility of stopping the uncontrolled growth of the cancer cells. Studies have reported the use of cancer drugs to target different pathways of apoptosis Pfeffer and Singh , including compounds of plant origin and having various bioactive compounds, is having an effect on the apoptotic pathways via different mechanisms Safarzadeh et al. The use of flow cytometry to detect necrosis or apoptosis by exposing phosphatidylserine PS outside of the apoptotic cells, an important method in the induction of apoptosis, has been reported Wlodkowic et al. Another important discovery in the study of cancer is the inability to control the normal cell cycle. There is an increasing interest on the cell cycle as a mechanism for anticancer drug target Gabrielli et al. In a research work, cell cycle phase distribution using flow cytometry was used to determine the altered compound in HepG2 cells cell cycle. Ethno-pharmacological evaluation has identified myrrh an anticancer drug. The active constituent possessing anticancer activity is elemene with proven action on various cancerous cells including glioblastoma, and it was proven to be safe and effective. Also, the compound 2S-epoxy-4R-furanogermacrnone, furose-type sesquiterpene rel-1S isolated from myrrh was reported to possess low cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cell line of breast cancer. This compound, in combination with bisabolene in myrrh, was effective in reducing the growth of breast cancer indicating myrrh as containing novel anti-breast cancer drug Yeo et al. Cyclobolinane, a triterpenoid present in myrrh, was shown to exert a moderate cytotoxic effect on PC3 and DU prostate cancer cell lines Shameem Furthermore, numerous studies reported the use of myrrh components in apoptotic induction and stoppage of tumor cell proliferation Chen et al. This is similar to reports on compounds isolated from C. Furano-sesquiterpene compounds were shown to elicit some pharmacological activities resulting from the wide range of bioactive compounds present in them Fraternale et al. The derivatives of furano-sesquiterpenes and itself, a soft coral isolate, were reportedly tested on leukemia, prostate, lung, breast, and cervix cancer cell lines which resulted in some of the compounds possessing promising activity on two of the cancer lines tested, leukemia and prostate cancer Rajaram et al. Additionally, a different furano-sesquiterpene reportedly obtained from soft coral was tested for its anticancer activity. Researchers have demonstrated the inhibition of many cancer cell line proliferation in humans, decreased programmed cell death, and cell cycle arrest induction in human leukemia cells THP-1 Arepalli et al. Results from different researches have suggested that myrrh possesses inhibitory properties against cell multiplication and brings about cell suicide of GC cells possibly achieved by downward control of COX-2 formulation in GC cells Sun et al. Below is a schematic representation of relevant proteins showing concurrent upward control of Bax formulation, downward control of COX-2, and Bcl-2 formulation in cells during myrrh administration. In vitro studies have shown myrrh to induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent form in GC cells. GC cell migration rate could be possibly reduced by myrrh. Although, blockage of GC cell migration could increase with increase in administration time. In Egypt, the use of myrrh as an anti-parasitic agent saw its revolution in through evidence-based scientific research. The main focus of research in Egypt was the human trematode infection shrouded in stories of success and disagreement. Myrrh has been reported to have schistosomicidal activity on different phases of S. The effect of the drug in infected mice was more pronounced at the 21 st and 45 th days of PI. The drug showed a promising prophylactic effect when administered 5 days before exposure Massoud et al. A unique myrrh formulation that contains volatile oil and myrrh resin was recorded at the beginning of the s for its efficacy and safety in mice with S. Mirazid was reported in mice model to be safe in the treatment of Schistosoma infection by S. An improvement in liver enzyme activities and a significant worm load reduction by The activity remained pronounced in groups that got the drug on the 21 st and 45 th days post infection Massoud et al. Furthermore, it was observed in the groups a significant reduction in granulomas restored jejunal mucosa continuity and led to paucity of eosinophils Massoud et al. However, results from other studies have reported otherwise the chances of myrrh application for the management of schistosomiasis. The most interesting report on inefficacy of myrrh on animals infected with S. Mirazid, a commercial formulation, has been tested alongside myrrh resin derivatives at varying doses on various strains. In the Egyptian CD strain infected mice reduction in worm infection loads in mice was observed to be negligible. Solution of Mirazid, at high doses, was observed to be toxic to mice infected with Puerto Rican Mill Hill strain of S. Furthermore, effects on tissue oogram and egg arrangement did not show significance Botros et al. Contrary to the inconsistent activity on schistosomiasis infection, myrrh has proven to possess a very potent fasciolicidal activity. This is evident from the significant data generated on this activity from experimental animals, infield studies, and clinical trials. Myrrh showed high efficacy when tested on Fasciola in animal studies. The immune response IgG was observed to be highest in infection treated rabbits compared to the infection untreated control Mahmoud This lead to the conclusion, that at parasitology and immunology levels, Mirazid was safe and the most effective fasciolicidal drug Mahmoud Heterophytes are common parasite found on snails and fish serving as intermediary hosts, found along the Nile valley and lakes of Egypt reportedly subjected to myrrh. In animal and clinical studies, both showed promising results in terms of efficacy on the parasite. In an animal study, emulsion form of Mirazid showed significant activity on heterophyidiasis with very high reduction in load of worm, tegumental spines disfigurement, and attrition as seen under a scanning electron microscope. Aside from its reported termiticidal activity, myrrh extract has been reportedly tested on snail intermediate hosts of trematodes for activity. Based on the reports of it being safe and having activity on the parasite and its intermediate hosts, this provides it with the benefit of being effective in the control and treatment of diseases. It has been investigated the anti-molluscic potential on Egyptian snail species Bulinus truncates , Lymnaea cailliaudi , and Biomphalaria alexandrina. The outcome of the experiment was B. However, in order to obtain similar results on 48 h of exposure, lower concentrations were required. Under laboratory conditions, reports on myrrh showed significant inhibitory effect on snail intermediate hosts, especially their eggs. On snail hosts of schistosomes, myrrh extract showed mulluscicidal activity. After 24 h of post exposure, molluscicidal activity on B. Ovicidal activity of myrrh has been reported to be effective on a day-old egg mass of snail than on 5-day-old snail egg mass. Also, the eggs demonstrated more resistance to the drugs than adult snails. Myrrh from Commiphora have been reported as having activity on sore throat and chest infection. It acts by subduing inflammatory responses associated with it Khalil et al. Extract of C. Similarly, in myrrh the activity of aromatic gum resin has been reported infection in the chest Su et al. The resin employs the anti-inflammation and cytotoxic mechanism on bacteria or fungi infection responsible for the chest ailment. Also, the C. In infections relating to cold and flu, myrrh or Commiphora myrrh extract reduces nasal congestion. Myrrh resin serves as an immune-stimulant in the season of cold and flu by accentuating the immunological system and acting as an expectorant in nasal congestion treatment Kalra et al. Traditionally, myrrh oil has been added to hot water in a few drops and inhaled in the form of steam. Headaches associated with nasal congestion have been treated with myrrh indicating its analgesic effect Ferrara It is a common belief that myrrh or C. Reported therapeutic properties of C. Hence, myrrh could be applied in the treatment and management of various diseases due to its diverse biological activities. Also, it has been reported to possess antiviral activities, hence, can be used in the prevention of various diseases. On this bases, it is could be possible to use myrrh or C. In states like Qatar, the sale of herbal preparations and myrrh has skyrocketed on emergence of COVID, so has charge increased. It has been recently proposed that research into the activity of myrrh mouthwashes on COVID could serve as likely source of a therapeutic agent against the disease Alyafei Essential oils of myrrh at high doses have been reported to produce adverse side effects in mice recently Lamichhane et al. It has also been documented that women that applied substantial quantity of myrrh while pregnant had miscarriages Al-Jaroudi et al. In patients with hot temperament, it is usually not recommended. There is dearth of information on the animal toxicity studies Akbar In terms of human consumption, myrrh, like most herbal and botanical products, is perceived as being harmless. In a research safety of myrrh was determined and carried out by administering the agent orally at After 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks posttreatment in individuals that were not infected, liver and kidney function tests were observed to be normal while no significant side effect was observed generally Massoud et al. Comparing genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and carcinogenic outcomes of myrrh extract, Mirazid formulation and praziquantel standard drug , in animal model rat using various markers such as bilirubin, ALT, and AST in the serum were assessed, as well as the liver histopathology and bone marrow cell cytogenetic studies. Praziquantel had hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. However, Mirazid was observed to be safe, showing no signs of hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, or carcinogenic effect Omar et al. This report corroborates prior findings on the safety of myrrh even after prolonged usage. Co-administration of myrrh with cyclosporine was observed to have decreased the bioavailability significantly in rats Al-Jenoobi et al. Many of the biological activities of Commiphora myrrh include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, analgesic, anti-parasitic, and recently against respiratory infection like COVID With the advancement in drug development, hopefully its rich phytochemical components can be explored for drug development especially as a formulation as insecticide due to its great anti-parasitic activity as well as its interactions with drugs can be fully elucidated. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study. Medicinal plants have a long track record of use in history, and one of them is Commiphora myrrh which is commonly found in the southern part of Arabia, the northeastern part of Africa in Somalia, and Kenya. It has been used traditionally for treating wounds, mouth ulcers, aches, fractures, stomach disorders, microbial infection, and inflammatory disease. Research has shown it exerts various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, analgesic, anti-parasitic, and recently against respiratory infection like COVID Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. Find articles by Gaber El-Saber Batiha. Find articles by Lamiaa Wasef. Find articles by John Oluwafemi Teibo. Find articles by Hazem M Shaheen. Find articles by Ali Muhammad Zakariya. Find articles by Opeyemi Abigail Akinfe. Find articles by Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo. Find articles by Hayder M Al-kuraishy. Find articles by Ali I Al-Garbee. Find articles by Athanasios Alexiou. Find articles by Marios Papadakis. Received Oct 5; Accepted Nov 4; Issue date Open in a new tab. Highlights 1. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Similar articles. Add to Collections. Create a new collection. Add to an existing collection. Choose a collection Unable to load your collection due to an error Please try again. Add Cancel. Used for treating wounds, mouth ulcers, aches, fractures, stomach disorders, microbial infection, and inflammatory disease. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, analgesic, anti-parasitic, and recently against respiratory infection like COVID
Buy Cocaine Furano
A total of diterpenoids from various sources like plants, marine species, and fungi are summarized in this systematic review, including their chemical.
Buy Cocaine Furano
Buy Cocaine Furano
Medicinal plants have a long track record of use in history, and one of them is Commiphora myrrh which is commonly found in the southern.
Germany where can I buy cocaine
Buy Cocaine Furano
Buying coke online in Sunny Beach
Buy Cocaine Furano
Buy cocaine online in Abu-ez-Zuluf
Buy Cocaine Furano
Buying cocaine online in Runners
Buy Cocaine Furano