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Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have created a unique, cell-by-cell atlas of the amygdala, a small structure deep within the brain that plays a crucial role in controlling emotional responses to drugs. The findings, published October 5, in Nature Neuroscience , helped the researchers identify a potential new treatment for cocaine addiction, a disease that is poorly understood at the molecular level and has virtually no approved pharmacological treatments. Cocaine is a widely used illicit drug and addiction to cocaine is a major public health concern, associated with a rising number of overdose deaths and a high rate of relapse. Despite the threat cocaine addiction poses, not every person who uses cocaine develops an addiction. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse , an estimated 4. The researchers studied brain samples from rats that had been allowed to self-administer cocaine for an extended period before being cut off from the drug for a period of abstinence. Jess Zhou, a UC San Diego graduate student working with McVicker, developed the bioinformatics workflow needed to assemble their sequencing data into a molecular atlas of the rat amygdala. The results revealed never-before-seen connections between addiction behaviors and genes involved in energy metabolism. In addition to identifying molecular factors that influence cocaine addiction behaviors, the researchers were able to test a drug in the rats that helped reverse these behaviors by targeting an enzyme involved in both energy metabolism and signaling between neurons. The researchers are now working on larger sample-size studies that can help determine how much of the effects they observed were based on preexisting genetics in the rats and how much were based on responses to extensive cocaine usage. Disclosures: Abraham A. A new UC Berkeley study finds that tampons used during menstruation can contain toxic metals, including lead, arsenic and cadmium. Home News Cellular atlas of amygdala reveals new treatment target for cocaine addiction. Cellular atlas of amygdala reveals new treatment target for cocaine addiction. October 12, While some people can use cocaine and never develop an addiction, others are highly susceptible. Researchers at UC San Diego are working to learn why there are inter-individual differences in drug addiction behaviors. Unraveling these genetics will be key to improving personalized medicine for addictions. Keep reading. Thursday, July 11, Thursday, June 13,
Drugs. Oxycodone (Sigma-Aldrich) is dissolved in % sterile saline (Hospira) and administered at μg/kg per infusion intravenously. Cocaine.
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The rat oxycodone and cocaine biobanks contain samples that vary by genotypes by using genetically diverse genotyped HS rats , phenotypes by measuring addiction-like behaviors in an advanced SA model , timepoints samples are collected longitudinally before, during, and after SA, and terminally at three different timepoints in the addiction cycle: intoxication, withdrawal, and abstinence or without exposure to drugs through age-matched naive rats , samples collected organs, cells, biofluids, feces , preservation paraformaldehyde-fixed, snap-frozen, or cryopreserved and application proteomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, epigenetics, anatomy, circuitry analysis, biomarker discovery, etc. Substance use disorders SUDs are pervasive in our society and have substantial personal and socioeconomical costs. A critical hurdle in identifying biomarkers and novel targets for medication development is the lack of resources for obtaining biological samples with a detailed behavioral characterization of SUD. Moreover, it is nearly impossible to find longitudinal samples. As part of two ongoing large-scale behavioral genetic studies in heterogeneous stock HS rats, we have created two preclinical biobanks using well-validated long access LgA models of intravenous cocaine and oxycodone self-administration SA and comprehensive characterization of addiction-related behaviors. The genetic diversity in HS rats mimics diversity in the human population and includes individuals that are vulnerable or resilient to compulsive-like responding for cocaine or oxycodone. Longitudinal samples are collected throughout the experiment, before exposure to the drug, during intoxication, acute withdrawal, and protracted abstinence, and include naive, age-matched controls. Samples include, but are not limited to, blood plasma, feces and urine, whole brains, brain slices and punches, kidney, liver, spleen, ovary, testis, and adrenal glands. Three preservation methods fixed in formaldehyde, snap-frozen, or cryopreserved are used to facilitate diverse downstream applications such as proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, microbiomics, neuroanatomy, biomarker discovery, and other cellular and molecular approaches. Keywords: biological specimen banks; opioid; outbred strains; psychostimulant; substance-related disorders. Abstract The rat oxycodone and cocaine biobanks contain samples that vary by genotypes by using genetically diverse genotyped HS rats , phenotypes by measuring addiction-like behaviors in an advanced SA model , timepoints samples are collected longitudinally before, during, and after SA, and terminally at three different timepoints in the addiction cycle: intoxication, withdrawal, and abstinence or without exposure to drugs through age-matched naive rats , samples collected organs, cells, biofluids, feces , preservation paraformaldehyde-fixed, snap-frozen, or cryopreserved and application proteomics, transcriptomics, microbiomics, metabolomics, epigenetics, anatomy, circuitry analysis, biomarker discovery, etc. Publication types Review. Substances Oxycodone Cocaine.
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There is evidence of overlap between the genetic risk factors for cocaine use and other addictive drugs, in particular cannabis. Properly.
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The rat oxycodone and cocaine biobanks contain samples that vary by genotypes (by using genetically diverse genotyped HS rats).
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