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Philippine government. Foreign support: \[ note 2 \]. Local-based drug dealers , distributors gangs and syndicates:. Ninja cops police officers engaged in the drug trade. The War on Drugs is the intensified anti-drug campaign that began during the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte , who served office from June 30, , to June 30, The campaign reduced drug proliferation in the country, \[ 23 \] but has been marred by extrajudicial killings allegedly perpetrated by the police and unknown assailants. Prior to his presidency, Duterte cautioned that the Philippines was at risk of becoming a narco-state and vowed the fight against illegal drugs would be relentless. Duterte has since admitted to underestimating the illegal drug problem when he promised to rid the country of illegal drugs within six months of his presidency, citing the difficulty in border control against illegal drugs due to the country's long coastline and lamented that government officials and law enforcers themselves were involved in the drug trade. In , Duterte urged his successor, Bongbong Marcos , who won the Philippine presidential election , to continue the war on drugs in 'his own way' to protect the youth. Owing to its geographical location , international drug syndicates use the Philippines as a transit hub for the illegal drug trade. In alone, a U. This perceived growth of illegal drugs in the Philippines led to the nomination of Rodrigo Duterte in the presidential election, owing to his time as mayor in Davao City which was allegedly the 9th 'safest city in the world' according to the non-peer-reviewed crowd-sourced rating site Numbeo , \[ 47 \] which has been criticized for inaccuracy, disinformation and being prone to manipulation. Duterte would win the Philippine presidential election promising to kill tens of thousands of criminals, with a platform urging people to kill drug addicts. As Mayor of Davao City , Duterte was criticized by such groups as Human Rights Watch for the extrajudicial killings of hundreds of street children , petty criminals and drug users carried out by the Davao Death Squad , a vigilante group with which he was allegedly involved. In a research report for The Asia Foundation conducted by Atty. Parreno also concluded that the number of cases could be higher. Philippine anti-narcotic officials have admitted that Duterte uses flawed and exaggerated data to support his claim that the Philippines is becoming a ' narco-state '. However, according to the Philippine Dangerous Drugs Board , the government drug policy-making body, 1. Estimates of the death toll vary. Officially, 6, drug personalities have been killed as of March Based on data from the PNP and PDEA from June to July , , anti-drug operations were conducted, , people were arrested, and 5, suspects died during police operations. However, the Dahas Project of the Third World Studies Center reported that the drug war killed people in the first year of the Marcos presidency. The following year, from July to June , the drug war killed people. State forces were responsible for the majority of the killings during both years according to the Dahas report. In , Cebu recorded the highest number of deaths at According to policewoman Royina Garma , President-elect Rodrigo Duterte in May requested her to find a person who would help him implement the so-called 'Davao model', a system used by Duterte to get rid of drug suspect in Davao City during his time as mayor, in a nationwide scale. She was allegedly requested to look for a Philippine National Police officer or an Iglesia ni Cristo member. This led to her endorsing Edilberto Leonardo for the task. This development of the war on drugs would only be publicized in the House of Representatives inquiries of late In speeches made after his inauguration on June 30 of , Duterte urged citizens to kill suspected criminals and drug addicts. He said he would order police to adopt a shoot-to-kill policy, and would offer them a bounty for dead suspects. A presidential spokesperson said that Duterte welcomed a proposed congressional investigation into extrajudicial killings to be chaired by Senator Leila de Lima , his chief critic in the government. Duterte claimed that Dayan was her collector for drug money, who had also himself been using drugs. He stated: 'What is really crucial here is that because of her \[romantic\] relationship with her driver which I termed 'immoral' because the driver has a family and wife, that connection gave rise to the corruption of what was happening inside the national penitentiary. But I am not required to prove it in court. That is somebody else's business. My job is to protect public interest. She's lying through her teeth. On August 18, United Nations human rights experts called on the Philippines to halt extrajudicial killings. Agnes Callamard , the UN Special Rapporteur on summary executions , stated that Duterte had given a 'license to kill' to his citizens by encouraging them to kill. Presidential spokesperson Ernesto Abella later clarified that the Philippines was not leaving the UN. Then Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque said that the government is open to subjecting the Philippines to a probe through regular domestic channels, as long as they are competent and unbiased rapporteur on the anti-drug campaign. She added, 'I will not dignify any further this so-called 'drug matrix' which, any ordinary lawyer knows too well, properly belongs in the garbage can. Urban poor organization Kadamay held a rally in August protesting drug-war killings and the killing of 5-year-old Danica May Garcia. Following the September 2 bombing in Davao City that killed 14 people in the city's central business district, on September 3, , Duterte declared a 'state of lawlessness', and on the following day signed a declaration of a ' state of national emergency on account of lawless violence in Mindanao'. Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea said that the declaration 'does not specify the imposition of curfews', and would remain in force indefinitely. He explained: 'The recent incidents, the escape of terrorists from prisons, the beheadings, then eventually what happened in Davao. That was the basis. On September 19, , the Senate voted 16—4 to remove de Lima from her position heading the Senate committee, in a motion brought by senator and boxer Manny Pacquiao. She was replaced by Senator Richard Gordon , a supporter of Duterte. He said that he had witnessed Duterte killing a government agent, and he had heard Duterte giving orders to carry out executions, including ordering the bombing of mosques as retaliation for an attack on a cathedral. Duterte told reporters that he wanted 'a little extension of maybe another six months' in the drug war, as there were so many drug offenders and criminals that he 'cannot kill them all'. She denies the allegations. At the beginning of October, a senior police officer told The Guardian that 10 'special ops' official police death squads had been operating, each consisting of 15 police officers. The officer said that he had personally been involved in killing 87 suspects, and described how the corpses had their heads wrapped in masking tape with a cardboard placard labelling them as a drug offender so that the killing would not be investigated, or they were dumped at the roadside 'salvage' victims. The report stated: 'although the Guardian can verify the policeman's rank and his service history, there is no independent, official confirmation for the allegations of state complicity and police coordination in mass murder. On October 28, Datu Saudi Ampatuan Mayor Samsudin Dimaukom and nine others, including his five bodyguards, were killed during an anti-illegal drug operation in Makilala, North Cotabato. According to police, the group were heavily armed and opened fire on police, who found sachets of methamphetamine at the scene. No police were injured. On November 1, it was reported that the US State Department had halted the sale of 26, assault rifles to the PNP after opposition from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee due to concerns about human rights violations. A police spokesman said they had not been informed. The president of the National Union of People's Lawyers, Edre Olalia, told local broadcaster TV5 that the police version of events was 'too contrived'. He pointed out that a search warrant is not required to search a jail cell. Following the incident, on the same day, Senator Panfilo Lacson sought to resume the investigation of extrajudicial killings after it was suspended on October 3 by the Senate Committee on Justice and Human Rights. On November 28, Duterte appeared to threaten that human rights workers would be targeted: 'The human rights \[defenders\] say I kill. If I say: 'Okay, I'll stop'. They \[drug users\] will multiply. When harvest time comes, there will be more of them who will die. Then I will include you among them because you let them multiply. They also stated that police reports of killings are 'remarkably similar', involving a 'buy-bust' operation in which the suspect panics and shoots at the officers, who return fire, killing the suspect, and report finding a packet of white powder and a. These statistics and other evidence amassed by Reuters point in the other direction: that police are pro-actively gunning down suspects. On December 8, the Senate Committee on Justice and Human Rights issued a report stating that there was sufficient evidence to prove the existence of a Davao Death Squad, and there is no proof of an imposed state-sponsored policy to commit killings 'to eradicate illegal drugs in the country'. However, upon returning to the common area to watch TV, Tony Co attacked Dongail, triggering the riot. Following criticism of the police over the kidnapping and killing of Jee Ick-Joo , a South Korean businessman, Duterte ordered the police to suspend drug-related operations while ordering the military and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency to continue drug operations. Domingo, together with other PNP officers, were conducting a buy-bust operation inside Lizardo's home. Domingo was hit in the head and died instantly, while another, PO2 Harley Gacera, was wounded in the shoulder. Lizardo and the gang managed to get away, but he would later be captured as he tried to flee the city nine days later. On January 31, , Amnesty International published a report of their investigation of 59 drug-related killings in 20 cities and towns, 'If you are poor you are killed': Extrajudicial Executions in the Philippines' 'War on Drugs' , which 'details how the police have systematically targeted mostly poor and defenceless people across the country while planting 'evidence', recruiting paid killers, stealing from the people they kill and fabricating official incident reports. The Palace said that the report was wrong, and there were no such illegal killings. As for those who were killed by the police, the same were made on the basis of self-defense when they employed unlawful means to resist arrest posing threat to the lives of the police officers. The President also criticized the double standard narrative on the killings involved in the anti-illegal drug campaign. Why do you say it is collateral damage to the West and to us it is murder? He said that some police also receive a payment from the funeral home they send the corpses to. Family members and witnesses repeatedly contested the police description of how people were killed. AI spoke to many witnesses who complained of the dehumanizing treatment of their family members. Crisis Response Director Tirana Hassan stated: 'The way dead bodies are treated shows how cheaply human life is regarded by the Philippines police. Covered in blood, they are casually dragged in front of horrified relatives, their heads grazing the ground before being dumped out in the open. The people killed are overwhelmingly drawn from the poorest sections of society and include children, one of them as young as eight years old. The report makes a series of recommendations to Duterte and government officials and departments. If certain key steps are not swiftly taken, it recommends that the International Criminal Court 'initiate a preliminary examination into unlawful killings in the Philippines's violent anti-drug campaign and related crimes under the Rome Statute , including the involvement of government officials, irrespective of rank and status. The Guardian and Reuters stated that the report added to evidence they had published previously about police extrajudicial executions. Presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella responded to the report, saying that Senate committee investigations proved that there had been no state-sponsored extrajudicial killings. He asked, 'Is that the only thing you \[de Lima\] can produce? The report of Amnesty? De Lima was jailed on February 24, awaiting trial on charges related to allegations made by Duterte in August He gave details of various killings he had carried out on Duterte's orders, including the previously unsolved murder of a radio show host critical of Duterte, and confessed to his involvement with Matobato in the bombing of a mosque on Duterte's orders. On March 6, Lascanas gave evidence at the Senate committee, testifying that he had killed approximately criminal suspects, media figures and political opponents on Duterte's orders. In June Reuters reported that 'Police were sending corpses to hospitals to destroy evidence at crime scenes and hide the fact that they were executing drug suspects. He added that police should not be disparaged for trying to save victims and the removal of bodies from a crime scene did not mean a proper investigation could not be carried out. On July 30, Reynaldo Parojinog, the mayor of Ozamiz City, was killed along with 14 others, including his wife Susan, in a dawn raid at around am on his home in San Roque Lawis. According to police provincial chief Jaysen De Guzman, authorities recovered grenades, ammunition and illegal drugs in the raid. On August 16, over 32 people were killed in multiple 'one-time, big-time' antidrug operations in Bulacan within one day. In a speech before ASEAN representatives, Rodrigo Duterte refuted all extrajudicial killings related to the War on Drugs by stating that these stories only serve as a political agenda in order to demonize him. He stated that he has only used his mouth to tell drug users that they will be killed. He stated that ' Roque stated that he will change public perception by reducing the impact of the statements by which Duterte advocates extrajudicial killings in his war on drugs. In a speech on March 26, , Duterte said that human rights groups 'have become unwitting tools of drug lords. In October , Duterte signed an executive order institutionalizing the Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy , which prescribes a more balanced government approach in the fight against illegal drugs by directing all government departments and agencies, government-owned and controlled corporations , and state universities and colleges to craft their own plans relative to the strategy. The controversial Tanauan, Batangas mayor Antonio Halili was assassinated by an unknown sniper during a flag-raising ceremony on July 2, , becoming the 11th local government official to be killed in the drug war. On the following day, Ferdinand Bote, mayor of General Tinio , was shot dead in his vehicle in Cabanatuan. After holding deliberations on petitions by the Free Legal Assistance Group and the Center for International Law, the Philippine Supreme Court in December ordered the solicitor-general to release documents related to the drug war. The Supreme Court issued a second writ of amparo in February , prohibiting Interior Secretary Ismael Sueno and police chief Ronald dela Rosa from going within one kilometer from the widow of a drug war victim killed in Antipolo , Rizal. It shouldn't be surprising that 78 percent are afraid of getting killed. Who isn't afraid to die, anyway? On March 14, Duterte released another list of the politicians allegedly involved in the illegal drug trade. The list consists of 45 incumbent officials: 33 mayors, 8 vice mayors, 3 congress representatives, one board member, and one former mayor. On March 17, the country formally withdrew from the ICC after the country's withdrawal notification was received by the Secretary-General of the United Nations the previous year. On July 18, , the Appeals Chamber of the ICC has confirmed the Office of the Prosecutor's recommencement of its investigation of 'war on drugs' extrajudicial killings. There is some controversy about this judgment in respect of the effect of the Philippines withdrawal. In September , the authorities accused Guia Gomez-Castro, former chair of Barangay in Sampaloc, Manila , as a mastermind of 'recycling' illegal drugs the law enforcement seized to the corrupt police officers. On October 25, , Clarin, Misamis Occidental Mayor David Navarro, one of the mayors Duterte named for alleged involvement in the illegal drug trade, \[ \] was shot dead by four masked men while being transported to the prosecutor's office in Cebu City , \[ \] \[ \] following his alleged beating up a massage therapist. PNP Chief Oscar Albayalde was the center of the controversy who was accused of protecting the so-called 'ninja cops' or the corrupt officials. The 'ninja cops' refers to the police officers who were accused of 'recycling' the illegal drugs that they seized during the police operations. On November 29, , twelve police officers, led by Major Rodney Baloyo, conduct a raid on Mexico, Pampanga , and seized Albayalde was the acting police chief of Pampanga at the time of the raid. Albayalde has denied the accusations. The Makabayan bloc demanded the immediate resignation of Albayalde from his post and other officials over the implication of the controversy. On October 21, , The PNP-Criminal Investigation and Detection Group CIDG filed a complaint before the Department of Justice against Albayalde and 13 of his personnel, citing a reinvestigation of the alleged recycling of some kilograms of shabu that they seized, \[ \] while the Senate suggested life imprisonment for the police officers. On October 23, , Vice President Leni Robredo made a statement, saying that Duterte should allow the UN to investigate the war on drugs, and she added that a campaign has been 'a failure and a dent on the country's international image. On November 24, Duterte fired Robredo from her post. According to Presidential Spokesperson Salvador Panelo, her removal is 'in response to the taunt and dare' of Vice President Leni Robredo for Duterte 'to just tell her that he wants her out. In January , vice president Leni Robredo reported her findings and recommendations on the drug war. Armand Melad and his group were sent to Unida and Dimasalang streets, Brgy. Baclaran, to answer a complaint about loud noises from a karaoke. They then came across two males on a motorcycle without helmets. As they questioned the two men, an argument erupted, which led to the policemen trying to arrest the two. One of them by the name of Moamar Sarif drew and opened fire with a. The police then swarmed and grabbed their own guns, while the other person on the motorcycle drove away. During the shootout, both Melad and Sarif were critically wounded, later dying in the same hospital. August was the sight of a bloody series of killings in the province of Leyte , of which many drug dealers and users were killed. Jason Golong, a former drug pusher and user, was killed outside of the RTR hospital in Calanipawan Road, shot upon while driving his car. Ian Pat Cabredo was a former guard at the Leyte Provincial Jail and was in the police's drug suspect list before his death. The attackers then fled on board a red Toyota Innova that had no registration plate. The shooting was captured in CCTV. Ilagan was killed while his wife and daughter sustained injuries. Members of Talusan's group then holed themselves up inside an apartment where the police besieged them. During the end of the firefight, 12 syndicate members including Talusan was killed, together with one policeman. The shootout happened a few days after the assassination of Christopher Cuan, mayor of Libungan and a politician included in Duterte's drug list. The Department of Justice had also ordered the National Bureau of Investigation to create a parallel investigation on the matter. In February of the year, Department of Justice Secretary Menardo Guevarra told the press that they started investigating the alleged police misconduct during the drug war. The DOJ believed the PNP had constantly failed to observe police protocols and ethics, due to the same similar patterns that led to deaths and the lack of any ballistics tests or paraffin tests. HRW in turn, urged the DOJ to keep its promise 'regarding the alleged failures of the police force in its anti-drug operations. In June , The International Criminal Court ICC Office of the Prosecutor applied for authorization to open an investigation into the alleged crimes against humanity committed in President Rodrigo Duterte 's violent campaign against drugs. It also sought to probe killings committed in Davao City from to President Duterte on his first national address of the year on January 4 said that he would not apologize for the deaths caused by the war on drugs by his administration. The Philippine general election took place on May 9, Duterte is limited to only a single six-year term as president and thus was ineligible to participate. The war on drugs was a major legacy of Duterte's presidency, having included crackdown on illegal drugs as part of his presidential campaign back in the elections. By March 31, , 1, drug dens and clandestine laboratories has been dismantled, 24, of the 42, barangays has been cleared of illegal drug influence, 14, 'high-value targets' arrested, including government employees. Duterte expressed willingness to be tried for his role in the war on drugs but only in domestic courts. Then-outgoing President Duterte advised then President-elect Bongbong Marcos to continue his campaign against illegal drugs even if its continuation meant its modification. Among the first decisions of Marcos relating to his predecessor's campaign, was establishing a stance that the Philippines would not be rejoining the International Criminal Court ICC. Under former President Duterte, the country's membership was withdrawn from the international court in after Duterte was accused of committing crimes against humanity in relation to his campaign against illegal drugs. President Marcos announced a policy shift on the Philippines' campaign against illegal drugs. Marcos named 'drug abuse prevention and education and the improvement of rehabilitation centers will be the focus' as the focus of his own campaign. Marcos would appoint his first PNP chief on August 1. Human Rights Watch HRW would dispute that a policy shift has occurred and believes that the PNP is undercounting war on drugs related deaths relying on data from the Dahas program of the University of the Philippines' Third World Studies Center which tallied deaths from drug war incidents from July 1 to November 7. HRW disagreed with the assessment of the PNP that there were minimal deaths even with the premise of accepting the police's death tally of 46 people. He insist that extrajudicial killing is not state policy and that classifying a death arising from an anti-illegal drug operation as extrajudicial killing is wrong and misleading. In November, Former police chief and senator Bato dela Rosa filed a bill in the Senate proposing the decriminalization of usage of illegal drugs in a bid to decongest prisons and fill in the underutilized rehabilitation centers. This proposal was met with opposition from law enforcement agencies who believes such move would send a 'wrong signal' to people that drug abuse is alright. In December, Dela Rosa called for action believing that there is a resurgence of drug syndicates which has come 'back with a vengeance' citing two separate buy-bust operations which led to the arrest of police and PDEA agents. This marked the fourth conviction in relation to Duterte's drug war; \[ \] the first was the Murders of Kian delos Santos, Carl Arnaiz and Reynaldo de Guzman. The panel is composed of House dangerous drugs committee, human rights committee, public accounts committee, and public order and safety committee. In August , Jovie Espenido , a controversial \[ \] police officer involved in Duterte's war on drugs, testified before the House Committee accusing Senator Ronald dela Rosa of causing the dismissal of cases against drug lords Kerwin Espinosa and Mayor Reynaldo Parojinog. The Philippine police temporarily suspended its operations in October after a directive by President Duterte amidst reports of abuse by the police with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency PDEA taking over as the leading agency against illegal drug activities in the Philippines. The police resumed operations in January with the police officially playing a supporting role to PDEA in Duterte's campaign. One component of the war on drugs by the administration of President Rodrigo Duterte is Oplan Tokhang , derived from the Cebuano words tuktok knock and hangyo plead. As the name suggests, Oplan Tokhang involves the police visiting the houses of individuals suspected to be involved in the illegal drug trade or as users, to persuade them to stop their activities and submit themselves to authority for potential rehabilitation. A more comprehensive guideline by the Philippine National Police then under the leadership of Police Chief Ronald dela Rosa was released prior to the resumption of police operations on the war on drugs in January after it was temporarily postponed. Under the guidelines, in a single operation, four police officers selected by the locality's police chief are designated as tokhangers to visit the suspects' houses in full uniform. They are to be accompanied by one member of the barangay, municipality, or city anti-drug abuse council, one representative from the PNP human-rights affairs office or any human rights advocate and at least one from the religious sector, members of the media or other prominent personalities in the area. They are only allowed to enter the suspect's house upon the suspect's consent or the house owner. The police coordinates with the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency and the local anti-drug abuse councils for the conduct of the operations. The guidelines include the option for drug suspects to surrender themselves to the police or the barangay hall and the option to avail of rehabilitation. They are not required to sign any document. If the suspect refuses to surrender or engage with the visiting Oplan Tokhang team, their case is to be submitted to the Drug Enforcement Units, which will conduct relevant police operations including case build-up and negation. The policy was first used in a more local scale in Davao, when Dela Rosa was still the police chief of the locality, leading police visits to drug suspects houses. The word tokhang has become associated with killings related to the campaign against illegal drugs prior to the release of the guideline \[ \] with the PDEA chief General Aaron Aquino urging to discontinue the use 'thokhang' to refer to the government's operations. Oplan High Value Targets HVT is a component of the Philippine National Police operations under Operation Double Barrel which aims to arrest and neutralize individuals which the police allege to be involved in the country's illegal drug trade. They include drug lords and pushers who operate in groups. Rodrigo Duterte's campaign against illegal drugs was aided by non-government organizations including rebel groups and vigilantes. The Communist Party of the Philippines CPP and its armed wing the New People's Army NPA , initially cooperated with the government but withdrew its support for the government's campaign against drugs in August although the communist party vowed to continue its own operations, independent from the government's anti-drug campaign, against drug suspects. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front , a rebel group at truce with the government, forged a protocol with the Philippine government in July in which it pledged to arrest and turn over drug suspects taking refuge in the rebel group's camps and would allow the government to conduct its anti-drug operations in areas controlled by the rebel group. Killings by armed vigilantes, motorcycle-riding gunmen, and hired killers had led to accusations that the police was working with them during the campaign. The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency announced in that it had adopted a three pronged strategy to enhance the Philippine government's war on drugs. These three prongs were composed of supply reduction , demand reduction , and harm reduction. During the Duterte Legacy campaign launch in January , PDEA claimed victory via its three-pronged approach citing the successful activities. Under supply reduction, PDEA and other law enforcement agencies conducted high impact operations and arrested high-value targets. Authorities dismantled drug dens and shabu laboratories, seized billions of pesos of illegal drugs, and arrested over thousand persons involved in illegal drugs. Under demand reduction, advocacy campaign activities including lectures, seminars, conferences and film showings were conducted. Under harm reduction, activities were conducted such as: 'Balay Silangan', a community-based reform program for surrendering drug offenders, Project 'Sagip Batang Solvent', which rescued street children—particularly those who were hooked on solvent-sniffing , drug-testing of public transportation drivers nationwide, and a 'Drug-Free Workplace Program' for business establishments. Although the three-pronged approach by PDEA was only adopted in April , statistics of the activities above cited under victories in the PDEA's three-pronged approach under the Duterte Legacy campaign dated back to June Children's rights non-governmental organizations reported that there were child fatalities of the drug war from July through December Some children had to leave their homes and their family, fearing for their safety. On August 16, , Kian Loyd delos Santos, a year-old Grade 11 student, was shot dead in an antidrug operation in Caloocan. Police say they killed him in self-defense, and retrieved a gun and two packets of methamphetamine. Carl Angelo Arnaiz, a year-old, last found in Cainta , Rizal, was tortured and shot dead also on August 17 a day after Kian delos Santos was killed by police after allegedly robbing a taxi in Caloocan. The deaths of Arnaiz and de Guzman, along with the death of Kian delos Santos, triggered public outrage and condemnation. Human Rights Watch repeated their call for a UN investigation. HRW Asia director Phelim Kine commented: 'The apparent willingness of Philippine police to deliberately target children for execution marks an appalling new level of depravity in this so-called drug war. On August 23, , a 5-year-old student named Danica May Garcia was killed by a stray bullet coming from unidentified gunmen in Dagupan during an anti-drug operation. Both were killed instantly. Bato and Bonita were not related and questions surround their relationship. Rumors speculated that Bonita was Bato's girlfriend and that she was caught in the crossfire. Newly seated Senator Ronald dela Rosa made a statement about the death of a 3-year-old child named Myka Ulpina in crossfire during police operations in Rodriguez, Rizal on June 29, , reacting to the incident by saying 'shit happens'. In a page decision promulgated on February 27, , the Navotas RTC Branch convicted Police Staff Sergeant Gerry Maliban of homicide and sentenced him to 4 years, 2 months, and 10 days up to six years, four months, and 20 days in prison and ordered him to pay Baltazar's heirs the sum of P50, in civil liability and P50, in moral damages. Senator Risa Hontiveros , an opponent of Duterte, said that the drug war was a political strategy intended to persuade people that 'suddenly the historically most important issue of poverty was no longer the most important. We now have death squads on a national scale, but I'm not seeing public outrage. Dela Rosa announced in September that the drug war had 'reduced the supply of illegal drugs in the country by some 80 to 90 percent', \[ \] and said that the War was already being won, based on statistical and observational evidence. In June the price of methamphetamine on the streets of Manila was lower than it had been at the start of Duterte's presidency, according to Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency data. Gloria Lai of the International Drug Policy Consortium commented: 'If prices have fallen, it's an indication that enforcement actions have not been effective'. The Archbishop of Manila Luis Antonio Tagle acknowledged that people were right to be 'worried about extrajudicial killings', along with other 'form\[s\] of murder': abortion, unfair labor practices, wasting of food, and 'selling illegal drugs, pushing the youth into vices'. Political leaders and spokespersons from China , \[ \] \[ \] \[ \] Japan , \[ \] \[ \] Singapore , \[ \] Taiwan , \[ \] \[ \] and the United States had all expressed support for the drug war. Indonesian National Police Chief General Tito Karnavian condemned the 'Shoot on sight policy', as 'there should not be a deliberate attempt to kill'. An Agency spokesman later attempted to downplay the comments, stating: 'We can't shoot criminals just like that, we have to follow the rules. Malaysia 's Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad Zahid Hamidi said 'he respects the method undertaken by the Philippine government as it is suitable for their country's situation', while stressing that 'Malaysia will never follow such an example as we have our own methods such as seizing assets used in drug trafficking with resultant funds to be channelled back towards rehabilitation, prevention and enforcement of laws against drugs'. The New Zealand government has expressed concerns about extrajudicial killings during the drug war, \[ \] \[ \] \[ \] and had considered barring Duterte from the country due to his human rights record, mainly as a result of the war on drugs. Presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella dismissed the concerns, saying that they revealed European ignorance. He also criticized the alleged extrajudicial killings and vigilantism, saying these are 'the wrong ways to go. In response to Gaviria, Duterte called him an 'idiot,' and said the issue of extrajudicial killings should be set aside, and that there were four to five million drug addicts in the country. In August , activists and eight families of victims of the drug war filed a second petition with the ICC, accusing Duterte of murder and crimes against humanity, and calling for his indictment for thousands of extrajudicial killings, which according to the page complaint, included 'brazen' executions by police acting with impunity. Neri Colmenares , a lawyer acting for the group, said that 'Duterte is personally liable for ordering state police to undertake mass killings. In July , ICC rejected an appeal by the government against the resumption of 'War on drugs' killings. On July 11, , the UNHRC adopted an Iceland-proposed resolution calling on the council to look into the rising homicides related to the drug war and the human rights situation in the country. Two months after the UN revealed that the Philippine government's policies related to its war on drugs have caused systematic violations including killings, arbitrary detentions , and vilification of dissent, the government introduced HRC Resolution No. There was no voting for the Resolution. It requested High Commissioner Michelle Bachelet to provide support for the country in the continued fulfilment of its international human rights obligations and commitments. Many observers have compared the mass killings of alleged users and dealers to a genocide , \[ \] \[ \] \[ \] and the ICC has opened a case of crimes against humanity. At a press conference on September 30, , Duterte appeared to make a comparison between the drug war and the Holocaust , \[ \] \[ \] saying ' Hitler massacred three million Jews. Now there are three million drug addicts. I'd be happy to slaughter them. John's University visiting professor Daniel Franklin Pilario said he needed to tell the stories of the widows and orphans, asking theologians what theology should they do after extrajudicial killings , the same with German theologians after the Holocaust. In , director Brillante Mendoza filmed Alpha: The Right to Kill , which follows themes of poverty, drugs, and corruption in the police force. The long-running action drama series Ang Probinsyano has also tackled the issue in its storyline. In , Alyx Ayn Arumpac filmed the documentary Aswang , which frames events related to the drug war, trailing journalists and interviewing left-behinds of the victims. Also in , the action film BuyBust was released which similarly tackled the subject of the drug war. Hustisya is a rap song about the drug war which was created by a local rap group 'One Pro Exclusive' inspired by the death of their friend immortalized in a photograph often compared to Michelangelo's Pieta. In December , American singer James Taylor posted on social media that he had canceled his concert in Manila, which was set for February , citing the increasing number of deaths related to the drug war. The song Manila Ice , by musician Eyedress , and its music video depict violence and corruption and were created as a response to the drug war. The rap album Kolateral tells the story of the Philippine drug war through the eyes of the drug war's victims. On December 10, , Irish musician Bono of U2 sent a message to Duterte during his visit to Manila for concert tour, saying that he 'can't compromise on human rights. La Pieta \[ \] or the 'Philippines Pieta, ' named after the sculpture by Michelangelo , refers to the photograph of Jennilyn Olayres holding the corpse of Michael Siaron, who was shot dead by unidentified assailants in Pasay , Metro Manila , on July 23, A piece of cardboard with the words ' Wag tularan si Siaron dahil pusher umano ' was placed on his body. The Pasay city police declared Siaron's death as 'case closed' since Santiago was also killed by riding-in-tandem on December 29, A photo of a body of an alleged drug dealer, killed during a police anti-drug operation, in Manila by Noel Celis has been selected as one of Time magazine's top photos of There are various mobile games featuring Duterte fighting criminals, \[ \] many of which have since been removed by Apple Inc. Central to the exhibit space is a blue sofa, which is revealed to be from the crime scene where a drug suspect was supposedly shot. The spectator is invited to sit and to hear the suspect's daughter, who talks about her father and their life in Payatas. A work of muralist Archie Oclos is also attributed to the Philippine drug war. The work consists of 20, black ink strokes, roughly the estimated number of drug war casualties. Edited by Alfred Yuzon and Gemino Abad, the book contains works by 65 Filipino poets writing about dictatorship, mass killings, and related subjects. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons. Campaign against illegal drug trade in the Philippines. Parts of this article those related to Major events need to be updated. The reason given is: Inclusion of Edilberto Leonardo and Royina Garma's role prior to the start of the nationwide war on drugs. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. October Duterte shows a diagram of drug syndicates at a press conference on July 7, Aquino —20 Director General Wilkins M. Background \[ edit \]. See also: Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines. This article is part of a series about. China Philippine ICC withdrawal. COVID pandemic. Early political career. Personal and public image. Death toll and disappearances \[ edit \]. Enforced disappearances \[ edit \]. Killings beginning \[ edit \]. Major events \[ edit \]. Prelude \[ edit \]. Early months \[ edit \]. State of emergency \[ edit \]. Senate committee \[ edit \]. Temporary cessation of police drug operations \[ edit \]. Amnesty International investigation \[ edit \]. Allegations of police using hospitals to hide killings \[ edit \]. Ozamiz raid, and death of Reynaldo Parojinog \[ edit \]. Reshuffling of the Caloocan City Police \[ edit \]. Transfer of anti-drug operations to PDEA \[ edit \]. Consecutive assassinations of local government officials \[ edit \]. Further information: Assassination of Antonio Halili. Supreme Court issuance of writs of amparo \[ edit \]. Ninja cops controversy \[ edit \]. See also: Ninja cops of the Philippine drug war. Robredo's appointment as ICAD co-chairperson \[ edit \]. War on drugs under Marcos \[ edit \]. Conviction of Caloocan policemen \[ edit \]. Quad Committee of the House of Representatives hearings \[ edit \]. Espenido's accusations against Senators Dela Rosa and Go \[ edit \]. Operations \[ edit \]. Oplan Tokhang \[ edit \]. Oplan HVT \[ edit \]. Support of non-state actors \[ edit \]. PDEA three-pronged strategy \[ edit \]. Youth casualties \[ edit \]. Reactions \[ edit \]. Main article: Reactions to the Philippine drug war. Local \[ edit \]. International \[ edit \]. International Criminal Court \[ edit \]. United Nations Human Rights Council action \[ edit \]. Accusations of genocide \[ edit \]. In popular media \[ edit \]. Television and film \[ edit \]. Music \[ edit \]. Photography \[ edit \]. Mobile gaming \[ edit \]. Contemporary art \[ edit \]. Literature \[ edit \]. See also \[ edit \]. Other drug wars \[ edit \]. Related topics \[ edit \]. Notes \[ edit \]. The CPP has vowed to continue operations, independent from the government's anti-drug campaign, against drug suspects. Excludes governments which has only expressed verbal, diplomatic support, and pledges that have yet to be realized. References \[ edit \]. The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. December 6, July 4, Retrieved March 6, Communist Party of the Philippines CPP has withdrawn its support for President Rodrigo Duterte's war on illegal drugs, saying it has 'clearly become anti-people and anti-democratic. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 4, Business Insider. Retrieved September 22, Amnesty International. January 31, Retrieved February 9, South China Morning Post. 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March 27, Archived from the original on November 9, Archived from the original on April 4, April 3, March 2, Archived from the original on March 3, Another Otso Diretso candidate, former solicitor general Florin Hilbay, shared Alejano's sentiments, alleging the Duterte administration is using the list to ensure their allies would win in May. Retrieved August 27, Naaresto daw ng isang drug suspect at nakuhaang may P, na halaga ng shabu. November naman ng mahuli ang pitong tao sa drug operation ng Tondo police. Ilan sa kanila kaanak ni chairwoman. Naaresto noon ang pinsan ni Castro na si Junjun Pimentera. Sa text message naman sa kanyang kamag-anak, pinabulaanan ni Castro lahat ng bintang sa kanya. Malinis daw ang kanyang konsyensya. Nais daw sana niyang sagutin ang lahat ng akusasyon, pero tingin niya nabalewala rin dahil nahusgahan na siya. Archived from the original on October 27, Archived from the original on October 28, ISSN Archived from the original on October 4, Retrieved October 13, October 14, President Rodrigo Duterte should allow the United Nations to investigate his war on drugs, and abandon a deadly campaign that has been a failure and a dent on the country's international image, Vice President Leni Robredo said Wednesday. Retrieved December 14, Archived from the original on August 14, Retrieved December 15, June 22, Manila Times. Benar News. Archived from the original on February 24, Retrieved February 25, February 24, One News. June 14, GMA News Network. December 15, March 17, March 16, January 4, BBC News. May 9, Arab News. May 24, June 28, Duterte ready to face charges on drug war, but only in local courts — Roque'. Archived from the original on August 22, May 30, August 1, Archived from the original on August 1, Retrieved December 17, Yes, please, says dela Rosa'. 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Archived from the original on January 15, Retrieved April 11, Weston August 6, Retrieved December 22, Retrieved November 29, Archived from the original on October 13, March 31, Retrieved October 16, New York Times. External links \[ edit \]. Philippine drug war. Rodrigo Duterte —22 Bongbong Marcos —present. Romeo Caramat Jr. Recreational drug use. Calea zacatechichi Silene capensis. Drug culture. Coffee break Coffeehouse Latte art Teahouse. Alcohol legality Anabolic steroid legality Cannabis legality Cocaine legality Methamphetamine legality Psilocybin decriminalization in the U. Psilocybin mushrooms legality Salvia legality. Arguments for and against drug prohibition Cannabis rights Capital punishment for drug trafficking Cognitive liberty Designer drug Drug court Drug possession Drug test Narc Politics of drug abuse War on drugs Mexican drug war Plan Colombia Philippine drug war Zero tolerance. 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