Black Hole Galaxy 700

Black Hole Galaxy 700
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FP Trending Jul 02, 2020 13:13:45 IST
J2157, which is the fastest-growing black hole known to humans, is amazingly large and extremely hungry, a new research conducted by an international team of astronomers has found
The research, led by The Australian National University found that the black hole is 34 billion times the mass of our sun and eats nearly the equivalent of one sun every day.
Black hole devouring its meal. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
One of the authors of the study Dr Christopher Onken said that the black hole’s mass is also about 8,000 times bigger than the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.
He went on to add, "If the Milky Way’s black hole wanted to grow that fat, it would have to swallow two-thirds of all the stars in our Galaxy.”
J2157 was first discovered by the team in 2018. Dr Onken said that researchers are looking at it at a time when the universe was only 1.2 billion years old, adding that it is the biggest black hole that has been weighed in that early period of the Universe.
According to a report in CNET , Fuyan Bian of the European Southern Observatory (ESO), who is also part of the team, said that how much black holes can swallow depends on how much mass they already have.
"So, for this one to be devouring matter at such a high rate, we thought it could become a new record holder," Bian went on to add.
As per the report, the team used ESO's Very Large Telescope on Chile to get the data on the black hole's mass.
The black hole is hidden within the galaxy Holm 15A, which is 700 million light-years away from earth.
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Space and time are intertwined, called space-time, and gravity has the ability to stretch space-time. Objects with a large mass will be able to stretch space-time to the point where our perception of it changes, known as time dilation. The more mass an object has, the more it stretches and slows down time so something as large as Sagittarius A* – the gigantic black hole at the centre of the galaxy – would almost be able to stretch time to a point where it almost comes to a complete standstill.
Sagittarius A* has a radius of 22 million kilometres and a mass of more than four million times that of the Sun.
And because it is so heavy, it has the ability to completely stretch out space-time to a point where one minute on the edge of Sagittarius A* will see 700 years pass on Earth.
Emma Osborne, an astrophysicist at the University of Southampton, told an audience at New Scientist Live: “Anything mass will stretch space-time. And the heavier something is, or the more mass it has, the more it will stretch space-time.
“If you were to stand just outside the event horizon of Sagittarius A*, and you stood there for one minute, 700 years would pass because time passes so much slower in the gravitational field there than it does on Earth.”
Some have suggested that black holes could be used for time travel.
A piece written for the University of Sussex by astrophysicist John Gribbin, co-authored with his wife Mary Gribbin said “the possibility of time travel involves those most extreme objects, black holes.
“And since Einstein’s theory is a theory of space and time, it should be no surprise that black holes offer, in principle, a way to travel through space, as well as through time.”
However, there are a few issues with this theory.
Firstly, there is no chance that one would survive falling into a black hole, so time travelling would be futile.
This is due to a process called “spaghettification”. The immense gravitational pull is so strong that the force is much stronger at the base than the top.
For example, if you were travelling feet first into a black hole, the gravity be so strong you would literally be ‘spaghettified’, and you would be stretched out to a point where you would just be a stream of atoms heading towards the centre.
Another impossible hurdle to overcome would be getting to a black hole.
The nearest black hole to our planet is located 6,523 light-years away – one light-year is 5.88 trillion miles.
The farthest humans have been from Earth is 248,655 miles (400,171 km) in 1970 as part of NASA’s Apollo 13 mission when the craft swung around the far side of the moon – it took almost three days to get there.
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A supermassive black hole with a mass 40 billion times that of the Sun has potentially been discovered in a galaxy cluster that sits about 700 million light years from Earth. If confirmed, this would be the largest supermassive black hole in the local universe —a region spanning about one billion light years in radius.
Holm 15A is a bright cluster galaxy with an unusually depleted core—its central region appears to be far fainter than any other early-type galaxy that has been modeled in detail, researchers led by Kianusch Mehrgan, from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Germany, explained in a paper posted to the preprint server arxiv.org .
In the study, which has not yet been peer reviewed but has been submitted to The Astrophysical Journal, the team used the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope (VLT)'s to make new observations of Holm 15A's depleted core.
In doing so, they discovered a supermassive black hole with a mass 40 million times that of the Sun. To put that into perspective, Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, is 4.6 million times the mass of our Sun.
"This is the most massive black hole with a direct dynamical detection in the local universe," the scientists wrote about Holm 15A. They said this is four to nine times bigger than expected given the properties of the galaxy it sits in, and that it could have been produced through a merger of two elliptical galaxies whose cores had already been depleted.
The circumstances that led to the formation of the supermassive black hole in Holm 15A are "probably rare," the researchers said, however it shows black holes of this size can exist.
Professor Andrew Coates, from University College London's Department of Space and Climate Physics, who was not involved in the study, told Newsweek : "This is a remarkable observation of an extremely massive black hole at 40 billion solar masses. This makes it the most massive in our region of the universe, and one of the most massive ever found."
The discovery of the supermassive black hole in Holm 15A follows research published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society in 2018. In it, researchers used data from NASA's Chandra X-ray to find a group of "ultramassive" black holes in 72 galaxies 3.5 billion light years. They found that half of the black holes identified had a mass ten billion times bigger than our Sun.
"We have discovered black holes that are far larger and way more massive than anticipated," study author Mar Mezcua, from Spain's Institute of Space Sciences, said in a statement. "Are they so big because they had a head start or because certain ideal conditions allowed them to grow more rapidly over billions of years? For the moment, there is no way for us to know."
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Aidan Remple August 4 2022 in Science

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Black holes are by far the most massive objects in the universe . They are the only objects whose gravitational pull is so strong that not even light can escape them. Relative to their mass, most black holes are not overly large. Some are hundreds of times the sun's mass, yet they are not much bigger than the sun. The black hole at the center of our galaxy is over one million times the sun's mass, yet it is only about the size of our solar system . The reason why black holes can be so massive yet also relatively small is that their extreme mass is compressing them into a small area of space. However, some black holes are truly gigantic. What is the biggest black hole in the universe?
The largest black hole ever discovered is located within the Phoenix galaxy cluster around 8.5 billion light years away. The Phoenix Cluster is one of the most intensely studied galaxy clusters in our universe. It contains as many as 1,000 individual galaxies, and its galaxies also have an abnormally high rate of star formation. Perhaps the most interesting galaxy in the cluster is the central galaxy, called Phoenix A. Star formation in Phoenix A is over 700 times higher than in the Milky Way . In our galaxy, one star forms every year on average. In Phoenix A, 740 stars form every year. Phoenix A is currently undergoing a phase known as a starburst phase, wherein star formation is occurring at an accelerated rate. In fact, Phoenix A is one of the most active galaxies ever discovered.
Star formation alone is not what makes Phoenix A an interesting target for research. At the center of the galaxy there exists the largest black hole ever discovered. Estimates of its mass and size make this black hole a true behemoth, and it is unlike anything in our galaxy or in any of the galaxies in our galactic neighborhood. The mass of the central black hole is estimated to be 100 billion times larger than the sun. The supermassive black hole is even more massive than some galaxies, and is about 10% the mass of the entire Milky Way. The event horizon of the black hole has a diameter of 590 billion kilometres, or about 100 times the distance between the sun and Pluto . Travelling at the speed of light , it would take you 71 days to traverse the entire circumference of the black hole. The mass of this black hole is so large that it would have been impossible for it to form from a star. Rather, the supermassive black hole of Phoenix A likely formed from the collision of multiple supermassive black holes that formed shortly after the Big Bang , which means that it may be one of the oldest black holes in the universe. Furthermore, the black hole itself is actually growing in size and mass. It is currently absorbing vast amounts of material and is increasing its mass by 60 suns every year.
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