Atopobium Vaginae 10
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BMC Infect Dis
v.6; 2006
PMC1468414
Published online 2006 Mar 16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-6-51
Find articles by Gerda Verschraegen
Find articles by Mario Vaneechoutte
1 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, UGent, Ghent, Belgium
2 Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, UGent, Ghent, Belgium
Received 2005 Nov 20; Accepted 2006 Mar 16.
Copyright © 2006 De Backer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Additional File 1 Antibiotic susceptibility testing of vaginal bacteria for 15 antibiotics . The table lists the antibiotic susceptibility for ampicillin, azithromycin, bacitracin, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, colistin, doxycycline, kanamycin, linezolid, metronidazole, nalidixic acid, penicillin, rifampicin and vancomycin obtained for nine strains of Atopobium vaginae , four strains of Gardnerella vaginalis , two strains of Lactobacillus iners and one strain each of Bifidobacterium breve , B. longum, Lactobacillus crispatus, L. gasseri and L. jensenii .
GUID: 68796238-6E61-4125-9E89-851F5C688AB0
Additional File 2 Comparison between the results from our study and those from other publications . The table lists the results from our study for the antibiotic susceptibility of Bifidobacterium breve , B. longum , Gardnerella vaginalis , Lactobacillus crispatus and L. gasseri compared to those those from other publications.
GUID: 97FF98C5-B008-44CB-B078-2A346CE34EF2
Antonio MA, Hawes SE, Hillier SL. The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180 :1950–1956. doi: 10.1086/315109. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Vallor AC, Antonio MA, Hawes SE, Hillier SL. Factors associated with acquisition of, or persistent colonization by, vaginal lactobacilli: role of hydrogen peroxide production. J Infect Dis. 2001; 184 :1431–1436. doi: 10.1086/324445. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Fredricks DN, Fiedler TL, Marrazzo JM. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353 :1899–1911. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043802. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, De Backer E, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Comparison between Gram stain and culture for the characterization of vaginal microflora: Definition of a distinct grade that resembles grade I microflora and revised categorization of grade I microflora. BMC Microbiol. 2004; 5 :61. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-5-61. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Delanghe J, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Cloning of 16S rRNA genes amplified from normal and disturbed vaginal microflora suggests a strong association between Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. BMC Microbiol. 2004; 4 :16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-4-16. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, De Backer E, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Characterization of vaginal microflora at three time points in pregnancy by Gram stain, culture and T-RFLP identifies L. gasseri as the Lactobacillus species most present in bacterial vaginosis. Submitted to BMC infectious diseases. Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Claeys G, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Culture-independent analysis of vaginal microflora: the unrecognized association of Atopobium vaginae with bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191 :1130–1132. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.04.013. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Ferris MJ, Masztal A, Aldridge KE, Fortenberry JD, Fidel PL Jr, Martin DH. Association of Atopobium vaginae , a recently described metronidazole resistant anaerobe, with bacterial vaginosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2004; 4 :5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-4-5. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Al-Qumber M, Brooks HJ, Wilson D, Tagg JR, Devenish C. A preliminary survey of Atopobium vaginae in women attending the Dunedin gynaecology out-patients clinic: Is the contribution of the hard-to-culture microbiota overlooked in gynaecological disorders? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005; 45 :450–452. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2005.00456.x. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Ferris MJ, Masztal A, Martin DH. Use of species-directed 16S rRNA gene PCR primers for detection of Atopobium vaginae in patients with bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42 :5892–5894. doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5892-5894.2004. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Swidsinski A, Mendling W, Loening-Baucke V, Ladhoff A, Swidsinski S, Hale LP, Lochs H. Adherent biofilms in bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 106 :1013–1023. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Hay PE, Lamont RF, Taylor-Robinson D, Morgan DJ, Ison C, Pearson J. Abnormal bacterial colonisation of the genital tract and subsequent preterm delivery and late miscarriage. Brit Med J. 1994; 308 :295–298. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Hillier SL, Nugent RP, Eschenbach DA, Krohn MA, Gibbs RS, Martin DH, Klebanoff MA. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333 :1737–1742. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199512283332604. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Leitich H, Bodner-Adler B, Brunbauer M, Kaider A, Egarter C, Husslein P. Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for preterm delivery: A meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 189 :139–147. doi: 10.1067/mob.2003.339. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Haggerty CL, Hillier SL, Bass DC, Ness RB. PID evaluation and clinical health study investigators. Bacterial vaginosis and anaerobic bacteria are associated with endometritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39 :990–995. doi: 10.1086/423963. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Ness RB, Kip KE, Hillier SL, Soper DE, Stamm CA, Sweet RL, Rice P, Richter HE. A cluster analysis of bacterial vaginosis-associated microflora and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2005; 162 :585–590. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi243. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Watts DH, Krohn MA, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA. Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for post-cesarean endometritis. Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 75 :52–58. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Martin HL, Richardson BA, Nyange PM, Lavreys L, Hillier SL, Chohan B, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo J, Kreiss J. Vaginal lactobacilli, microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted disease acquisition. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180 :1863–1868. doi: 10.1086/315127. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Sewankambo N, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Paxton L, McNaim D, Wabwire-Mangen F, Serwadda D, Li C, Kiwanuka N, Hillier SL, Rabe L, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Konde-Lule J. HIV-1 infection associated with abnormal vaginal flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis. Lancet. 1997; 350 :546–550. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01063-5. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Hawes SE, Hillier SL, Benedetti J, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Wolner-Hanssen P, Holmes KK. Hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli and acquisition of vaginal infections. J Infect Dis. 1996; 174 :1058–1063. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Hay P. Recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2000; 2 :506–512. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Larsson PG, Forsum U. Bacterial vaginosis, a disturbed bacterial flora and treatment enigma. APMIS. 2005; 113 :305–316. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_113501.x. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Beigi RH, Austin MN, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Antimicrobial resistance associated with the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191 :1124–1129. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.033. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Geissdorfer W, Bohmer C, Pelz K, Schoerner C, Frobenius W, Bogdan C. Tuboovarian abscess caused by Atopobium vaginae following transvaginal oocyte recovery. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41 :2788–2790. doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2788-2790.2003. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Croco JL, Erwin ME, Jennings JM, Putnam LR, Jones RN. Evaluation of the Etest for antimicrobial spectrum and potency determinations of anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis and peritonitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994; 20 :213–219. doi: 10.1016/0732-8893(94)90006-X. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Schieven BC, Massey VE, Lannigan R, Hussain Z. Evaluation of susceptibility of anaerobic organisms by the Etest and the reference agar dilution method. Clin Infect Dis. 1995; 20 :S337–S338. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Kharsany AB, Hoosen AA, Van den Ende J. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gardnerella vaginalis . Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993; 37 :2733–2735. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] McCarthy LR, Mickelsen PA, Smith EG. Antibiotic susceptibility of Haemophilus vaginalis ( Corynebacterium vaginale ) to 21 antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1979; 16 :186–189. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Cherubin CE, Hillier SH. Comparative susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group species and other anaerobic bacteria to meropenem, imipenem, piperacillin, cefoxitin, ampicillin/sulbactam, clindamycin and metronidazole. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1993; 31 :363–372. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez HT. In vitro activities of Garenoxacin(BMS 284756) against 108 clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis . Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46 :3995–3996. doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.12.3995-3996.2002. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Jones BM, Geary I, Lee ME, Duerden BI. 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J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005; 55 :38–44. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkh495. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Theron MM, Janse Van Rensburg MN, Chalkley LJ. Nitroimidazole resistance genes (nimB) in anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (previously Peptostreptococcus spp.) J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004; 54 :240–242. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkh270. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] Austin MN, Beigi RH, Meyn LA, Hillier SL. Microbiologic response to treatment of bacterial vaginosis with topical clindamycin or metronidazole. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43 :4492–4497. doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.9.4492-4497.2005. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ]
Articles from BMC Infectious Diseases are provided here courtesy of BioMed Central
Antonio MA, Hawes SE, Hillier SL. The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180 :1950–1956. doi: 10.1086/315109. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, De Backer E, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Comparison between Gram stain and culture for the characterization of vaginal microflora: Definition of a distinct grade that resembles grade I microflora and revised categorization of grade I microflora. BMC Microbiol. 2004; 5 :61. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-5-61. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Fredricks DN, Fiedler TL, Marrazzo JM. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353 :1899–1911. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043802. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Delanghe J, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Cloning of 16S rRNA genes amplified from normal and disturbed vaginal microflora suggests a strong association between Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. BMC Microbiol. 2004; 4 :16. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-4-16. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Verhelst R, Verstraelen H, De Backer E, Claeys G, Verschraegen G, Van Simaey L, De Ganck C, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Characterization of vaginal microflora at three time points in pregnancy by Gram stain, culture and T-RFLP identifies L. gasseri as the Lactobacillus species most present in bacterial vaginosis. Submitted to BMC infectious diseases. [ Ref list ]
Verstraelen H, Verhelst R, Claeys G, Temmerman M, Vaneechoutte M. Culture-independent analysis of vaginal microflora: the unrecognized association of Atopobium vaginae with bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191 :1130–1132. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.04.013. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Ferris MJ, Masztal A, Aldridge KE, Fortenberry JD, Fidel PL Jr, Martin DH. Association of Atopobium vaginae , a recently described metronidazole resistant anaerobe, with bacterial vaginosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2004; 4 :5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-4-5. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Al-Qumber M, Brooks HJ, Wilson D, Tagg JR, Devenish C. A preliminary survey of Atopobium vaginae in women attending the Dunedin gynaecology out-patients clinic: Is the contribution of the hard-to-culture microbiota overlooked in gynaecological disorders? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005; 45 :450–452. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2005.00456.x. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Ferris MJ, Masztal A, Martin DH. Use of species-directed 16S rRNA gene PCR primers for detection of Atopobium vaginae in patients with bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42 :5892–5894. doi: 10.1128/JCM.42.12.5892-5894.2004. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Swidsinski A, Mendling W, Loening-Baucke V, Ladhoff A, Swidsinski S, Hale LP, Lochs H. Adherent biofilms in bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 106 :1013–1023. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Hay PE, Lamont RF, Taylor-Robinson D, Morgan DJ, Ison C, Pearson J. Abnormal bacterial colonisation of the genital tract and subsequent preterm delivery and late miscarriage. Brit Med J. 1994; 308 :295–298. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Leitich H, Bodner-Adler B, Brunbauer M, Kaider A, Egarter C, Husslein P. Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for preterm delivery: A meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 189 :139–147. doi: 10.1067/mob.2003.339. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Haggerty CL, Hillier SL, Bass DC, Ness RB. PID evaluation and clinical health study investigators. Bacterial vaginosis and anaerobic bacteria are associated with endometritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39 :990–995. doi: 10.1086/423963. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Ness RB, Kip KE, Hillier SL, Soper DE, Stamm CA, Sweet RL, Rice P, Richter HE. A cluster analysis of bacterial vaginosis-associated microflora and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2005; 162 :585–590. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi243. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Watts DH, Krohn MA, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA. Bacterial vaginosis as a risk factor for post-cesarean endometritis. Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 75 :52–58. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Martin HL, Richardson BA, Nyange PM, Lavreys L, Hillier SL, Chohan B, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo J, Kreiss J. Vaginal lactobacilli, microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted disease acquisition. J Infect Dis. 1999; 180 :1863–1868. doi: 10.1086/315127. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Sewankambo N, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Paxton L, McNaim D, Wabwire-Mangen F, Serwadda D, Li C, Kiwanuka N, Hillier SL, Rabe L, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Konde-Lule J. HIV-1 infection associated with abnormal vaginal flora morphology and bacterial vaginosis. Lancet. 1997; 350 :546–550. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01063-5. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Hawes SE, Hillier SL, Benedetti J, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Wolner-Hanssen P, Holmes KK. Hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli and acquisition of vaginal infections. J Infect Dis. 1996; 174 :1058–1063. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Hay P. Recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2000; 2 :506–512. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Larsson PG, Forsum U. Bacterial vaginosis, a disturbed bacterial flora and treatment enigma. APMIS. 2005; 113 :305–316. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_113501.x. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Beigi RH, Austin MN, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Antimicrobial resistance associated with the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 191 :1124–1129. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.05.033. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Geissdorfer W, Bohmer C, Pelz K, Schoerner C, Frobenius W, Bogdan C. Tuboovarian abscess caused by Atopobium vaginae following transvaginal oocyte recovery. J Clin Microbiol. 2003; 41 :2788–2790. doi: 10.1128/JCM.41.6.2788-2790.2003. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Croco JL, Erwin ME, Jennings JM, Putnam LR, Jones RN. Evaluation of the Etest for antimicrobial spectrum and potency determinations of anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis and peritonitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994; 20 :213–219. doi: 10.1016/0732-8893(94)90006-X. [ PubMed ] [ CrossRef ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Schieven BC, Massey VE, Lannigan R, Hussain Z. Evaluation of susceptibility of anaerobic organisms by the Etest and the reference agar dilution method. Clin Infect Dis. 1995; 20 :S337–S338. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref list ]
Kharsany AB, Hoosen AA, Van den Ende J. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gardnerella vaginalis . Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993; 37 :2733–2735. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] [ Ref
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