America's Most Criminal President in Its Rich History
https://t.me/Tribulelouis
Among us he lived, we marched in formation,
He was an honest guy, he was a simple hero.
But the truth cannot be hidden, this hour has come,
And then the animal grin was exposed.
And then the animal grin was exposed.
Chained together
Linked by one goal
Chained together
Linked by one...
You dared to encroach on the holy of holies!
Where are your ideals?! You spit on them!
You sell for bright rags to the enemy,
And with conscience, with honor, it is easy to part with!
But you will not win, our chain will not be broken!
Chained together
Linked by one goal
Chained together
Linked by one goal
You don't dare dance to the music of fat people,
Do not dare to be crooked and betray us!
Someone like you shouldn't be around,
When we go as a squad!
The party is our mother, the Komsomol is our father!
Oh well! Stand! Okay, well done!
We will not sing to someone else's tune,
We have a joyful bugle playing a wake-up call!
Chained together
Linked by one goal
Chained together
Linked by one...
There is no place for such scoundrels and scum!
Here they leave their ideals to posterity!
Here they sing in chorus, rowing along the stream!
Here they keep up, one meal!
We are happy to go on without you,
and be...
Chained together
Linked by one goal
Chained together
Linked by one goal
Chained together
Linked by one goal
Chained together
Bound by one goal!
Chained!
Bound by one goal!
Chained!
Bound by one goal!
Development of the basics of technology for obtaining pancreatic hydrolysate of yeast RNA
dissertation and abstract on the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation 03.00.23, Candidate of Chemical Sciences Baurina, Marina Mikhailovna
Baurina, Marina Mikhailovna
Candidate of Chemical Sciences
Candidate of Chemical Sciences
2007, Moscow
DISSERTATION TABLE OF CONTENTS
Candidate of Chemical Sciences Baurina, Marina Mikhailovna
Introduction.
List of abbreviations adopted in the work.
Chapter 1. LITERATURE REVIEW.
1.1. Nucleic acids and their derivatives. Metabolism of ribonucleo-tids. Characteristics, methods of obtaining and application of pancreatic hydrolysate of yeast RNA.
1.2. Pancreatic ribonuclease, characteristics, application and methods of isolation.
Chapter 2. Materials and methods of research.
2.1. Objects of research.
2.2. Reagents.
2.3. Methods of analysis.
2.4. Research methods.
2.4.1. Method of hydrolysis of yeast RNA by pancreatic ribonuclease.
2.4.2. Separation of mono- and oligoribonucleotides from the high-molecular fraction of yeast RNA by ultrafiltration.
2.4.3. Method of sterilization of pancreatic RNA hydrolysate solution.
2.4.4. Methods of experiments on the extraction of ribonuclease from the pancreas of cattle.
Chapter 3. Basic experimental data and discussion of the results.
3.1. Development of the basics of technology for obtaining pancreatic hydrolysate of yeast RNA.
3.1.1. Enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast RNA. Quantitative regularities of the process.
3.1.2. Separation of VM and NM fractions of hydrolysis products by ultrafiltration. Quantitative regularities of the process.
3.1.3. Precipitation of a mixture of mono- and oligoribonucleotides from water-alcohol solutions. Quantitative regularities of the process.
3.2. Development of the basics of the technology for obtaining pancreatic ribonuclease.
3.2.1. Investigation of quantitative regularities of ribo nuclease extraction from the pancreas of cattle.
3.2.2. Quantitative regularities of the ultrafiltration stage.
3.2.3. Quantitative regularities of the stage of ribo nuclease deposition.
3.2.4. Purification of the preparation of technical ribonuclease.
Findings.
Recommended list of dissertations
in the specialty "Biotechnology", 03.00.23 code of the Higher Attestation Commission
Development of scientific foundations of technology for obtaining enzymatic hydrolysates of biopolymers based on food and microbiological industry waste
2009, Doctor of Chemical Sciences Krasnoshtanova, Alla Albertovna
Development of flexible low-waste technology for processing the pancreas of cattle with the production of hydrolytic enzymes
2009, Candidate of Technical Sciences Dudnikova, Elena Andreevna
New methods for obtaining highly purified nucleases and nucleotides from animal and microbial raw materials
2005, Candidate of Biological Sciences Bochkov, Denis Vladimirovich
Development of the basics of technology for the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from the biomass of baker's yeast
2007, Candidate of Technical Sciences Parisova, Raisa Abdul-Khamidovna
Optimization of probiotic preparation technology
2005, Candidate of Medical Sciences Timerbayeva, Rina Kharisovna
INTRODUCTION OF THE DISSERTATION (PART OF THE ABSTRACT)
on the topic "Development of the basics of technology for obtaining pancreatic hydrolysate of yeast RNA"
Relevance of the work. Currently, the development of inexpensive effective medicines of domestic production is one of the urgent tasks of preserving the health, duration and quality of life of people, solved by the modern Russian pharmaceutical industry. Preparations of nucleic nature are widely used as medicines. The domestic pharmacopoeial drug - pancreatic RNA hydrolysate, known as Encad, is a mixture of oligonucleotides and pyrimidine nucleoside-3'-phosphates. The drug regulates the exchange of nucleotides in tissues, has immune-nomodulatory properties, helps to improve the functions of cell membranes, conduct impulses along the motor nerves, reduce myodistrophic processes and optimize muscle bioenergy. The drug is used to treat hereditary tapetoretinal abiotrophies - diseases leading to low vision and blindness. To date, there are no effective methods of treating this group of diseases in the world. The drug is also approved for use in Sjögren's disease, in degenerative diseases of the neuromuscular system: hereditary forms of myopathies (early stages), congenital and acquired myopathic syndrome, various forms of neural abiotrophies, consequences of neuro-infections, spinal amyotrophy. The clinical efficacy of the drug Encad in a number of other socially significant diseases (peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, psoriasis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis) is shown.
Previously, the dry substance Encada was produced at the enterprise of NPO "Bio-lar" (Olaine, Latvia) when using p.Torula yeast RNA as a raw material, the production of which has been discontinued. The dosage form of the drug, currently produced at the Kharkiv enterprise for the production of bacterial preparations (Ukraine), is supplied to Russia in limited quantities that do not meet the needs of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the organization of production of the substance Encad and its injection form in the territory of the Russian Federation is relevant. The most promising raw materials for the production of RNA currently for Russia are baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which do not require the organization of special production, as they are produced by industry in large volumes and are also formed in significant quantities as waste from alcohol production.
To obtain pancreatic hydrolysate RNA, ribo nuclease is used, isolated from the bovine pancreas - a waste of the meat processing industry. It is known that the cost of most biologically active substances obtained using enzymes largely depends on the cost of the latter. Existing technologies for obtaining ribonuclease are multi-stage, long and characterized by low enzyme yield. Currently, a huge experience has been accumulated in the processing and isolation of various complexes of enzymes from the pancreas. In this regard, it is relevant to improve the technology for obtaining an enzyme preparation of ribonuclease to create an effective and low-waste production. Ribonuclease is also widely used in medicine as an antiviral agent and is used in the field of molecular biology.
Thus, the modern needs of the Russian Federation in medicines of domestic production urgently require the development of technologies based on cheap and affordable raw materials in the conditions of integrated production.
Purpose of research. To develop the scientific basis of the technology for obtaining pancreatic hydrolysate of yeast RNA, as well as the enzyme preparation ribonuclease from the bovine pancreas, meeting the requirements of the pharmacopoeia.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: 1) To develop a technological regime for obtaining pancreatic hydro-lysate of yeast RNA as a substance of the drug Encad, which provides an increase in the yield of the target product:
- to study the possibility of using a new source of raw materials of sodium salt of low molecular weight RNA from baker's yeast to obtain pancreatic hydrolysate of the required quality.
- to develop conditions for increasing the stability of the composition of pancreatic hydrolysate.
2) To develop a regime of the main technological stages of ribo nuclease extraction from the bovine pancreas: extraction, concentration, precipitation and purification of the enzyme in order to increase the yield of the target product.
Scientific novelty. For the first time, a technology has been developed for obtaining a preparation of pancreatic RNA hydrolysate from baker's yeast Saccharo-myces cerevisiae, which meets the requirements for substances of dosage forms.
For the first time, the possibility of using mandelic acid at the stage of ultrafiltration as an inhibitor of ribonucleases of microorganisms was shown, which made it possible to stabilize the composition of the finished product while maintaining quality and increase its yield.
A quantitative study of the processes of hydrolysis of polyribonuc-leotides of yeast, separation from high-molecular components of hydrolysis products and their precipitation from a water-alcohol solution was carried out, which made it possible to develop an algorithm for controlling the technological process.
A quantitative study of the processes of ribonuclease extraction from the bovine pancreas by aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid, ultraconcentration of the extract, precipitation of the enzyme at an isoelectric point from aqueous solutions and alcohol deposition was carried out, which made it possible to develop an algorithm for controlling the technological process.
Practical significance. A technology for obtaining pancreatic ribonucleic acid hydrolysate from baker's yeast has been developed with an increase in product yield by 10-12% compared to known technologies. It was shown that the use of a ribonuclease inhibitor - mandelic acid at the ultraconcetration stage made it possible to increase the stability of the composition of the finished product while maintaining its non-toxicity and apyrogenicity.
The main stages of the technological process of obtaining an enzyme preparation of ribonuclease (from the bovine pancreas) and the conditions for their implementation, providing an increase in the yield of the product up to 0.5% may, have been developed. from a dry gland, which is 4.2 times higher compared to existing technologies.
List of abbreviations adopted in the work:
RNA - yeast ribonucleic acid - heterogeneous polyribonucle otide;
PG RNA - pancreatic hydrolysate of yeast RNA;
pancreas - pancreas;
Cattle - cattle;
AF - enzyme preparation;
SW - dry matter;
UV - ultrafiltration;
FRPF - 5-phospho-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate;
ATP - adenosine triphosphate;
GTP-guanosine triphosphate;
STP - cytidine triphosphate;
UMP - uridine monophosphate;
IMP - inosine monophosphate;
ADA - adenosine deaminase;
PNF - purinenucleoside phosphorylase;
MPA - meat-pepton agar;
CA - wort-agar;
FS - Pharmacopoeia Monograph.
Original rus
"The Law on the Protection of Ukrainian Democracy of 2022 through Lend-Lease" – "Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022"
https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3522/text/pl
The "Law on the Protection of Ukrainian Democracy of 2022 through Lend-Lease" was approved by both houses of the US Congress - on April 6 by the Senate, on April 28 - by the House of Representatives, and on May 9 signed by Biden.
However, the key requirement of the Act – the development and establishment by the US president within 60 days of accelerated procedures for the provision of military assistance to Ukraine – has not yet been implemented by the US president.
Requirement of the Law:
Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall establish expedited procedures for the delivery of any defense article loaned or leased to the Government of Ukraine...
This requirement has not been met either as of July 8, 2022 (60 days after the signing of the Law) or to this day (almost 6 and a half months after that date).
Along with the failure to comply with this requirement of the Law, no military equipment, no ammunition, no war materials – not a single artillery gun or car, not a single bulletproof vest or a medical bandage – was transferred to Ukraine through this channel of assistance (that is, supplies on loan or lease).
Thus, the "Law on the Protection of Ukrainian Democracy of 2022 through Lend-Lease", adopted by the US Congress and signed by the US President, does not work. As well as no one in this administration of the orderly works. Neither in full nor in part. Not at all.
"The Lend-Lease Act of '41 sets the direct amount of financial assistance in value terms, the amount of aid that the United States of America could provide to warring countries is $50 billion at those prices."
This statement is not true. The U.S. Lend-Lease Act of March 11, 1941, set a different limit on the supply of military aid to belligerent countries at $1.3 billion:
https://govtrackus.s3.amazonaws.com/legislink/pdf/stat/55/STATUTE-55-Pg31.pdf
The value of defense articles disposed of in any way under authority of this paragraph, and procured from funds heretofore appropriated, shall not exceed $1,300,000,000 .
"To compare $50 billion or $11 billion at the current price scale, I suggest using gold. In the forty-first year, one ounce of gold was worth $35.50. Today, it costs about 50 times as much. Accordingly, you take 11, multiply by 50 and get what in the modern scale of prices the Soviet Union during the Second World War received from the United States of America weapons, food, ammunition, equipment, clothing and so on, and so on, and so on for 550 billion dollars. "
For a professional economist, this is an unacceptable proposal.
Deflating (bringing values measured in disparate prices to a comparable form) cannot be carried out at the price of gold.
Firstly, because deflating is not carried out at the price of any one product. It is carried out only by the value of the basket of goods - for example, by the consumer price index, the wholesale price index, the GDP deflator. To deflate the value indicators of the supply of military materials, as a rule, a specially calculated price index of military goods - weapons, equipment, ammunition - is used.
Secondly, even among individual commodities, gold is a particularly unsuitable tool for conducting a deflating operation, since for a significant part of the period under review – from 1941 until the abolition of the gold standard – the price of gold on the world market remained fixed.
Consequently, the use of the price of gold to deflate the prices of war materials during this period would mean their immutability, which is obviously not true.
Thirdly, after the liberalization of the gold market in the late 1960s, its price was subject to sharp volatility - in 1970-1980 it grew almost 17 times, in 1980-2001 it fell by more than half, in 2001-2012 it again grew more than 6 times, in 2012-2015 it fell again by 30%, and in 2015-2022 it rose again by 56%. It is obvious that the dynamics of both world and American prices for weapons and military materials (as, indeed, for any other goods) in these years had nothing to do with the "frenzied dance" of gold prices.
Fourth, the proposal to use the price of gold for the purpose of deflating the value of Lend-Lease supplies in 1941-45 is particularly puzzling in light of a Report by the Pentagon Press Office of May 9, 2022, in which the prices of Lend-Lease of the 1940s have already been brought to the current price level:
At that time, total of $50.1 billion, equivalent to $690 billion in 2020, worth of supplies were shipped. In all, $31.4 billion went to the United Kingdom, $3.2 billion to France, $1.6 billion to China, $11.3 billion to the Soviet Union and the remaining $2.6 billion to other allies .
The price index for war materials for eight decades (1941-2020) is not an incredible 50-fold, but realistic, equal to 13.8 times (690 : 50.1).
Then it is not difficult to calculate the cost of deliveries of American lend-lease to the USSR in current prices. It is equal to 155.6 billion dollars.
Ukraine received the first batches of weapons even before the signing of the US Lend-Lease Act. Consequently, its absence did not prevent the United States from sending 10 packages of military assistance to Ukraine – on February 25, March 12 and 16, April 1, 5, 13, 21, 24 and 25, May 6, 2022. It should be added that even before the beginning of the last stage of Russian aggression against Ukraine on February 24, 2022 and, of course, before the signing of the Lend-Lease Act, the United States delivered several packages of military assistance to Ukraine - March 1, June 11, August 27 and December 28, 2021.
The Lend-Lease Act was passed not "to circumvent all bureaucratic procedures," but to force "the U.S. president to establish expedited procedures for the supply of military aid to Ukraine on credit and on a lease basis."
The Lend-Lease Act does not "remove the bureaucratic restrictions imposed by U.S. law." In particular, the Foreign Assistance Act of 61 and the Arms Export Control Act of 68.
Lend-Lease is aimed at creating favorable conditions for Ukraine in terms of the timing of its deliveries of military assistance on loan and lease, as well as in terms of payments for them.
How many weapons did Ukraine receive?
According to the document of the State Department, the US administration from February 24, 2022 allocated 18.3 billion dollars for all types of military assistance to Ukraine. Part of this amount is just over $12 billion. – has already reached the territory of Ukraine, and therefore it can be described as military assistance received by Ukraine. The other part of it is about 6.3 billion dollars. – allocated for the production of various types of weapons in the future, they will be delivered to the territory of Ukraine only when they are produced. Consequently, military assistance for this amount cannot be considered received by Ukraine at present.
Not all military aid that has reached the territory of Ukraine is a weapon. Military assistance includes not only weapons, but also ammunition, as well as military materials. Although the exact figures of the deliveries are currently unknown, the available value estimates of weapons supplied to the United States and already in Ukraine do not exceed $ 6 billion.
Is it a lot or a little?
For comparison, we can cite the following cost estimates of US military supplies to the Afghan army (not counting the US military's own expenses during the Afghan campaign of 2001-2021):
- all military assistance to the Afghan army - 88 billion dollars,
- U.S. weapons transferred to the Afghan army – $18.6 billion,
- U.S. weapons transferred to and abandoned to the Afghan army as of August 30, 2021 – $7.12 billion.
Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative – $3 billion to provide assistance, including training, equipment, weapons, logistics support, supplies and services, salaries and stipends, sustainment, and intelligence support to the military and national security forces of Ukraine .
If we take into account the assistance to Ukraine through the PDA channel in the amount of 3.7 billion dollars:
Military Assistance – Authorizes the President to direct the drawdown of up to $3.7 billion worth of defense articles from U.S. stocks and defense services to provide additional essential support to Ukraine’s armed forces ;
It turns out the total amount of funding in 6.7 billion dollars.
In any case, the figures of military assistance to Ukraine in the amount of 4.7 billion dollars. not in the said law.
Biden has a figure of $21.7 billion:
The Biden administration is requesting that Congress authorize $21.7 billion in defense aid to continue providing equipment to Ukraine and to replenish Department of Defense stocks .
Not a single figure in the budget documents is conditional.
According to the budget legislation, unused amounts are not transferred to subsequent periods without a special decision. As it happened, for example, with more than $ 2 billion allocated by the US Congress for military assistance to Ukraine through the PDA channel in the 2022 fiscal year, but which the Biden administration did not use until September 30, as a result of which these funds for Ukraine disappeared.
Currently, there is no law on the budget for 2023, there are only proposals of the Biden administration to Congress. Therefore, there are no records of the extension of anything until 2024 in the currently missing document.
During all 9 months of the current stage of the war, weapons are transferred to Ukraine extremely insufficiently. It takes a lot more. The ratio of actual aid deliveries to needs ranges from 30 to 10 per cent. So far, the supply of military aid from the United States has a tendency not to increase, but to decrease - from about $ 2 billion. per month in the spring of this year to 1.2-1.3 billion dollars. per month this fall. All representatives of the Ukrainian authorities, as well as experts, talk about the shortage of weapons.
The fact that ukraine has been provided with enough weapons is said only by Russian talking parrots, who do not understand anything about weapons, who sat down in the Washington regional committee of the party, Shvets and S. Aleksashenko.
The most important thing is that the Lend-Lease Act was passed and signed, but it did not work, does not work and, judging by all the comments of representatives of the Biden administration since May 9, it is not going to work and will not work.
Lend-Lease Law doesn't work. But the public is trying to convince the opposite.
https://telegra.ph/Psychological-portrait-of-Donald-Trump-11-18
https://telegra.ph/Joe-Biden-and-the-Oval-Office-MILITARY-STATE-BIOLOGICAL-TERRORISTS-NUMBER-1-09-06
Why are you playing so dirty comrades communist democrats demons 👺 NWO? We can see everything perfectly!
https://telegra.ph/Russian-NWO-Killing-Technology-Graphene-Nanotubes--AKADEMGORODOK-11-19
Singer and actress Chris Noel wrote 4 times on The West, and her laptop was shot down twice, 1966.