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Ann Mil Health Sci Res. Addicts Prevalence Mental Disorders. Drug addiction is a relapsing chronic illness that appears as a result of drug use and brings about negative consequences in various domains of life 1. Drug abuse and its deleterious effects are among the most challenging issues in the health domain and medicine. Drug abuse imposes huge costs on the society and its social, psychological, hygienic-health, and economic consequences always exert a heavy burden on the society 2 , 3. Drug use affects many different biological, psychological, and social aspects of human beings. An increasing rate of comorbidity of drug addiction and mental disorders has been reported in the related literature 5 , 6. Research by the American society has shown that disorders, such as antisocial personality, different types of phobia and anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and dysthymia are most highly related to drug abuse and drug dependence 7. In contrast to the normal population, symptoms of depression are common in people with substance abuse or drug dependence. About one-third to half of those with substance abuse or drug dependence have had depressive disorder diagnostic criteria at least once during their lifetime. In a study conducted by Farrell et al. Torikka et al. Verthien et al. Saisan et al. Haydari et al. The results of their research showed that The most common psychological pathologies in nine dimensions among the study population were respectively as follows, depression, sensitivity in interactions, anxiety, paranoid thoughts, obsession and compulsion, somatic complaints, aggression, phobias, and psychosis. Mental health plays an important role in the etiology and treatment process of addicts. The presence of psychological disorders leads to resistance to treatment and relapse into addiction In the same way, drug abuse and its accompaniment to psychological disorders impose huge costs on the health system of societies and may increase the mortality rate in addition to their excessive socio-economic expenses 16 , The city of Ahvaz, the center of Khuzestan Province, has been the political, cultural, and social center of the southwestern region of the country at different times in the past. As a result, the inhabitants of this city have long been familiar with different cultures, even European cultures, due to colonialism in different periods. Drug use has a close association with the culture of religious beliefs, socioeconomic status, and the historical background of each country In addition, research has shown that unemployment, poverty, addiction, crime, and felony are considerably high in Ahvaz Therefore, the present study sought to identify the mental disorders followed by addiction in this city. The present research was a descriptive study. The statistical population of this study included all addicts of Ahvaz city, who referred to addiction treatment clinics, during year The research sample consisted of addicts, who were selected by the multistage random sampling method. For this purpose, 12 addiction treatment centers were randomly selected from different addiction treatment centers of Ahvaz, which were located in the north, south, east, and west of Ahvaz three centers from each region. Then, 25 participants were selected from each center, randomly. Structured interviews, extracted from DSM-V-TR criteria, were used to diagnose drug dependency and the SCLR test was employed to assess the psychological status of the participants in the current study. The entry criteria of the research included the diagnosis of abuse of or dependence to one or more drugs, being male, being a resident of Ahvaz, and providing an informed consent to participate in the research. It is noteworthy to mention that the minimum period of drug use was one year. This test was first designed to illustrate the psychological aspects of patients with physical and mental illness and consists of 90 items that evaluate mental symptoms. It is completed by respondents. The original form of the test was introduced by Derogatis et al. The items of this test include nine dimensions of mental illness symptoms and three global indices. These nine dimensions, include somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism The psychometric features of this tool have been reported satisfactory for application in Iran by Nourbala et al. In this regard, the researchers referred to the studies conducted in this domain in order to become informed about the cut-off point of the checklist in the Iranian society. Bayani et al. In addition, the mean and standard deviation of the time duration of drug use by participants equaled In terms of the type of drugs, Moreover, The results showed that The results also showed that hostility The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence of mental disorders among addicts of Ahvaz city. The results of this study showed that at least This finding is inconsistent with that of the study carried out by Parvizifard et al. This inconsistency can be accounted for by the use of different data collection instruments in the two studies. Similarly, this finding is inconsistent with the research findings reported by Heidari Pahlavian et al. They reported a higher prevalence of psychological disorder than that of the present study. The reason for this difference can be attributed to the use of different cut-off points in the two studies. In the present study, the cut-off point was considered to be 1. This difference can be attributed to the use of different data collection tools in the two studies. This difference can be due to the different socio-economic factors existing in various societies and also due to the difference in the statistical populations. This is consistent with the results of the present study. The results showed that hostility was the most frequent disorder among the users of herbal drugs, and paranoid thoughts and depression were the most frequent disorders among industrial drug users. This finding is consistent with that of the research conducted by Bosak et al. They showed that the frequency of psychological disorders in addicts varied depending on the type of drug; however, in general, a higher frequency of psychological disorders was reported in crystal consumers. These substances cause malfunctioning in the transmission and metabolism of neurotransmitter systems of the brain, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, glutamate and opioids, and other vascular and metabolic lesions in important brain regions, such as frontal and prefrontal lobes, which play an important role in consciousness, behavioral, and emotional aspects 31 , Drug abuse is a maladaptive pattern of drug use, in which an individual turns to inappropriate consumption of drugs and this results in serious emotional, cognitive, and behavioral damage Many studies have shown that the majority of individuals with drug dependence have at least one mental disorder 34 , Research has also shown that disorders, such as antisocial personality, varieties of phobias and anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and dysthymia are most highly related to drug abuse and addiction 7. Some narcotics, such as heroin and hashish can activate nerve cells due to the similarity of their chemical structure to natural neurotransmitters. This structural similarity allows the narcotic drug to deceive the receptors, to become attached to the nerve cells, and activate them. These substances imitate the action of the chemicals present in the brain and cause the transmission of abnormal signals through the network, yet they do not activate the nerve cells like natural neurotransmitters. This disorder causes a highly intensified message and eventually engenders an issue to the communication paths On the other hand, due to the effects that narcotics have on different parts of the brain, such as the brain stem, limbic, and cortical cortex, the nervous system becomes more vulnerable to mental and physical disorders One of the limitations of this research was that the research was conducted solely on addicts of Ahvaz city; therefore, caution should be exercised in generalizing the results. Due to the high prevalence of psychological disorders followed by addiction, it is suggested that therapies, such as group psychotherapy, family therapy, and supportive psychotherapy should be considered for these patients. It is also recommended that the officials of the Counter Narcotics Headquarters follow-up the status of these patients after abstinence by hiring social workers. Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: neuroimaging findings and clinical implications. Nat Rev Neurosci. Prevalence and association of perceived stress, substance use and behavioral addictions: a cross-sectional study among university students in France, BMC Public Health. New York State health foundation: integrating mental health and substance abuse care. Health Aff Millwood. J res Addict. Prevalence of psychopathology in drug-addicted Dutch. J Subst Abuse Treat. Comorbidity of common mental disorders and alcohol or other substance misuse in Australian general practice. Med J Aus. Psychosocial functioning and psychiatric comorbidity among substance-abusing Icelandic adolescents. Nord J Psychiatry. Nicotine, alcohol and drug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity. Results of a national household survey. Br J Psychiatry. Depression, drinking, and substance use among to year-old Finnish adolescents. Psychiatr Prax. Ahmadi M, Ahmadi J. Substance-induced anxiety disorder in opioid dependents. Addict Dis Treat. Substance abuse and mental health: Overcoming alcohol abuse and drug addiction while coping with depression or anxiety. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. No health without mental health. Substance abuse-related mortality among middle-aged male VA psychiatric patients. Psychiatr Serv. Gonzalez R, Cherner M. Co-factors in HIV neurobehavioural disturbances: substance abuse, hepatitis C and aging. Int Rev Psychiatry. Shekarbaigi A. Comparison of lay beliefs of suburbia and non suburbia adolescences about symptoms, causes and cures of addiction. J Basic Appl Sci Res. Azizi Banitaraf Y. Quart national stud. SCL an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull. Daneshvar Med. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. Iran j psychiatr clin psychol. Avicenna J Clin Med. Khantzian EJ, Treece C. Recent findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Batel P. Addiction and schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatr. Mandish J. Abnormal psychology. New York: Norton; Methamphetamine users in sustained abstinence: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Distributed attentional deficits in chronic methamphetamine abusers: evidence from the attentional network task ANT. Brain Cogn. Reber AS. Dictionary of psychology. Wittchen HU. Critical issues in the evaluation of comorbidity of psychiatric disorders. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. Kofoed L. Assessment of comorbid psychiatric illness and substance disorders. New Dir Ment Health Serv. Ghazarian M, Mohammadi H. Drugs, brains and behaviors. We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience. They also allow us to analyze user behavior in order to constantly improve the website for you. Abstract Background: Addiction can lead to negative consequences in various areas of life. Therefore, the present study sought to identify mental disorders caused by addiction. Methods: The present research was a descriptive study. The statistical population of this study included all addicts in Ahvaz city, referred to addiction treatment clinics, during year The data were collected through Symptom ChecklistR. Results: The results of this study show that Also, Hostility Background Drug addiction is a relapsing chronic illness that appears as a result of drug use and brings about negative consequences in various domains of life 1. Methods The present research was a descriptive study. SCL Questionnaire This test was first designed to illustrate the psychological aspects of patients with physical and mental illness and consists of 90 items that evaluate mental symptoms. Table 1. Table 2. References 1. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. Leave a comment here:. Cookie Setting We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience.

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Ahvaz buy cocaine

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