General
⏳ƬɼⅈᎴʋℓɛ ℵ 🔬Ꮥɑℽʂ 🎙Case 2.
Article 1 - Scope
The Declaration touches on ethical issues relating to medicine, life sciences and related technologies for humans, taking into account their social, legal and environmental dimensions.
The Declaration is addressed to States. When necessary and appropriate, it also sets guidelines for the decisions or practices of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, both public and private.
Article 2 - Goals
This Declaration has the following objectives:
(a) Providing a universal set of principles and procedures that can guide States in formulating their own legislation, policies or other bioethics instruments;
Setting guidelines for the actions of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, both public and private;
(c) Promoting respect for human dignity and the protection of human rights by ensuring respect for human life and fundamental freedoms in accordance with international human rights norms;
(d) Recognition of the importance of the freedom of scientific research and the benefits of scientific and technological progress, while pointing to the need to ensure that such research and progress does not go beyond the ethical principles set out in this Declaration, while respecting human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms;
Promoting a multidisciplinary and pluralistic dialogue on bioethical issues among all stakeholders and within society at large;
(f) Promoting equitable access to medical, scientific and technical advances, maximizing knowledge of such achievements and the rapid sharing of such knowledge, and sharing benefits, with a focus on the needs of developing countries;
Ensuring that the interests of present and future generations are protected and implemented;
(h) Focusing on the importance of biodiversity and the need for all humanity to care about its conservation.
Principles
As part of the scope of this Declaration, the following principles must be respected in decisions or practical measures taken or implemented by those to whom it is addressed.
Article 3 - Human Dignity and Human Rights
1. Full respect for human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms must be ensured.
2. The interests and well-being of the individual must be dominated by the interests of science or society itself.
Article 4 - Good and Harm
In the application and development of scientific knowledge, medical practices and related technologies, maximum direct and indirect benefits should be achieved for patients, study participants and other affected persons and any harm possible for them should be minimized.
Article 5 - Self-Reliance and Individual Responsibility
People must be held accountable in their decision-making, with appropriate responsibility for those decisions and respect for the independence of others. Special measures should be taken against persons who do not have the legal capacity to act on their own.
Article 6 - Consent
1. Any medical intervention for preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic purposes should be carried out only with the prior, free and informed consent of the person concerned, based on appropriate information. Consent, where appropriate, must be explicitly expressed and may be withdrawn by the person concerned at any time and for any reason without adverse consequences or damage.
2. Scientific research should be carried out only with the prior, free, explicit and informed consent of the person concerned. The information should be adequate, provided in an understandable manner and include instructions on how to withdraw consent. Consent may be withdrawn by the person concerned at any time and for any reason without adverse consequences or damage. Exceptions to this principle should be made only in accordance with the ethical and legal norms adopted by States, in accordance with the principles and provisions set out in this Declaration, in particular article 27, and international human rights norms.
3. In appropriate cases, an additional agreement may be made with the legal representatives of the group or community in the investigation of the group or community. Under no circumstances should an individual's informed consent be subject to a collective community agreement or the consent of a community leader or other representative of power.
Article 7 - Persons who do not have the legal capacity to consent
Under domestic law, special protection must be provided to persons who do not have the legal capacity to consent:
(a) Permission to conduct research and medical practice should be obtained in the best interests of the person concerned and in accordance with domestic law. However, it is necessary that the person concerned participate as much as possible in the decision-making process on consent, as well as the withdrawal of consent;
(b) Research should be conducted only for the direct health benefits of the person concerned, with the appropriate authorization and compliance with statutory protections and in the absence of an alternative to conducting studies of comparable effectiveness involving persons with the legal capacity to consent. Studies potentially without direct health benefits should be carried out only on an exceptional basis, with maximum restrictions, subjecting the person to minimal risk and placing a minimum burden on him, and only if such studies are expected to benefit the health of others in the same category, subject to the conditions provided by law and in accordance with the human rights standards of the individual. The refusal of such persons to participate in research should be respected.
Article 8 - Recognition of human vulnerability and respect for the integrity of the individual
Human vulnerability should be taken into account in the application and development of scientific knowledge, medical practices and related technologies. Particularly vulnerable individuals and groups should be protected and their personal integrity respected.
Article 9 - Privacy and Privacy
The privacy of the individuals concerned and the confidentiality of the information relating to them should be respected. As much as possible, such information should not be used or disclosed, except for the purposes for which it was collected or for which it was agreed, in accordance with international law, in particular international human rights norms.
Article 10 - Equality, Justice and Equality
The fundamental principle of equality for all people in terms of dignity and rights must be respected for the purposes of fair and equitable treatment.
Article 11 - Avoiding Discrimination and Stigmatization
No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of the principle of respect for human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Article 12 - Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due attention. However, these considerations should not be used as a pretext for infringing on human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, and at the expense of the principles set out in this Declaration, nor should they limit the scope of these principles.
Article 13 - Solidarity and Cooperation
Solidarity between people and international cooperation should be encouraged to that end.
Article 14 - Social Responsibility and Health
Promoting the health and social development of their populations is one of the main objectives of Governments, which is shared by all sectors of society.
2. Since the highest achievable level of health is a fundamental human right without distinction on the basis of race, religion, political opinion, economic or social status, progress in science and technology should contribute to:
(a) Access to quality health services and essential medicines, especially in terms of women's and children's health, as health is essential to life itself and should be treated as a public and human good;
Access to adequate food and water supplies;
Improving living conditions and the environment;
(d) Preventing the marginalization and exclusion of persons on any grounds; And
(e) Reducing poverty and illiteracy.
Article 15 - Sharing benefits
The benefits of any scientific research and the application of their results should be shared with the entire society and the international community, particularly developing countries. For the purposes of this principle, benefits can be taken by any of the following forms:
(a) Providing special and long-term assistance and expressing appreciation to individuals and groups involved in the research;
Access to quality health care;
(c) The use of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques or products developed as a result of research;
Support for health services;
Access to science and technology;
Strengthening research capacity;
(g) Benefits in other forms consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
Benefits should not be improper incentives to participate in research.
Article 16 - Protecting Future Generations
The impact of life sciences on future generations, including their genetic characteristics, should be given due consideration.
Article 17 - Protecting the Environment, Biosphere and Biodiversity
The relationship between man and other forms of life, the importance of adequate access to and use of biological and genetic resources, respect for traditional knowledge and the role of man in the protection of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity should be given due attention.
Applying principles
Article 18 - Decision-making and bioethic issues
Professionalism, honesty, integrity and transparency in decision-making should be encouraged, in particular the declaration of all conflicts of interest and the appropriate exchange of knowledge. Every effort should be made to use the most advanced scientific knowledge and methodologies in the review and periodic review of bioethic issues.
2. Individuals and professionals should be encouraged, as well as society as a whole, to engage in dialogue on a regular basis.
There should be greater scope for informed public discussions on a pluralistic basis, while ensuring that all relevant opinions are expressed.
Article 19 - Ethics Committees
Independent, multidisciplinary and pluralistic ethics committees should be established, assisted and supported at the appropriate level for:
(a) Assessing relevant ethical, legal, scientific and social issues relating to human-targeted research projects;
Advice on ethical issues in clinical medicine;
Assessing scientific and technological progress, making recommendations and promoting guidelines on issues relevant to the application of this Declaration;
Promoting discussion, education and public awareness of bioethics and its involvement.
Article 20 - Risk Assessment and Regulation
Appropriate assessment and appropriate risk management of medicine, life sciences and related technologies should be promoted.
Article 21 - Transnational Practices
States, public and private institutions and professionals associated with transnational activities should make an effort to ensure that any activity within the scope of this Declaration, which is implemented, financed or otherwise provided in full or in part in different States, is consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
2. When research or related work is carried out in one or more States (State (State) research) and funded from a source in another State, such studies should be subject to ethical review at the appropriate level in the State (States) of research and in the State where the source of funding is located. Such a review should be based on ethical and legal norms that are consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
3. Transnational health research must take into account the needs of the countries in which they are conducted, and it should be recognized that research reduces the severity of pressing global health problems.
4. Negotiations on a research agreement should negotiate the terms of cooperation and enter into agreements on useful results of such studies, with equal participation of the parties in such negotiations.
States should take appropriate measures at both the national and international levels to combat bioterrorism and trafficking in organs, tissues, samples, genetic resources and genetic materials. Promoting the implementation of the Declaration
Article 22 - Role of States
States should take all appropriate legislative, administrative or other measures to implement the principles set out in this Declaration in accordance with international human rights norms. Such measures should be complemented by relevant activities in education, training and public information.
States should be encouraged to establish independent, multidisciplinary and pluralistic ethics committees referred to in article 19.
Article 23 - Education, training and information in bioethics
1. In order to promote the principles set out in this Declaration and to provide a better understanding of the ethical implications of scientific and technological progress, particularly for young people, States should make efforts to promote bioethics education and training, as well as to promote programmes to disseminate information and knowledge about bioethics.
States should encourage participation in these efforts by international and regional inter-establishment organizations, as well as international, regional and national non-governmental organizations.
Article 24 - International Cooperation
States should expand the dissemination of scientific information at the international level and encourage the unhindered exchange and sharing of scientific and technological knowledge.
2. In the context of international cooperation, States should increase cooperation in culture and science and enter into bilateral and multilateral agreements to enable developing countries to strengthen their own capacity to participate in the production and sharing of scientific knowledge that is relevant to the know-how and the benefits involved.
States should maintain and develop a relationship of solidarity between States, as well as individuals, families, groups and communities, with a particular focus on the interests of those who are vulnerable to illness or disability or as a result of personal, social or environmental factors, as well as the least well-off.
Article 25 - Follow-up by UNESCO
UNESCO encourages and disseminates the principles set out in this Declaration. UNESCO should rely on the assistance and support of the Intergovernmental Committee on Bioethics (IPCB) and the International Committee on Bioethics (ICB).
UNESCO reaffirms its commitment to addressing bioethical problems and promoting interaction between IPCB and ICB.
Final provisions
Article 26 - Interconnectedness and Complementarity of Principles
The True Declaration should be seen as a whole and principles as complementary and interconnected. Each principle should be seen in the context of other principles as necessary and appropriate in the appropriate circumstances.
Article 27 - Limiting Principles
If the principles of this Declaration are to be restricted, this should be done in accordance with laws, including those enacted in the interests of public safety, the investigation and detection of criminal offences and the prosecution of them, public health or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
Article 28 - Preventing actions that infringe on human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity
Nothing in this Declaration can be construed as giving a State, group or individual any justification to engage in any activity or to engage in any act that infringes on human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity.
For those who do not understand this text is proposed to go to the final part of our free constitution.
The Nuremberg Code - Was adopted by the Nuremberg Tribunal after the Nuremberg trials of Nazi doctors in August 1947. In this process, the glaring facts of monstrous medical experiments on millions of people were revealed.
Enjoy your reading time, as well as Saturated Divergent Movements of Useful Directions 🧭 And Happy, Warm, Sunny, Spring Weekends, Friends!
Pure joke from Volodya Vysotsky.
Letter to the editor of the television program "Obvious - incredible" from the madhouse - with Kanatchikova dacha . The "Bermuda Triangle" on the first line is known as "Dear Transmission" - a humorous author's song 🎶 Vysotsky, created in 1977. The song describes the everyday life of a madhouse, on which the theme of the Riddle of the Bermuda Triangle is projected. To the writing of the song, Volodya was inspired by Soviet life, all delirious, and the TV show "Obvious - incredible" is just an occasion, most likely so. The first edition of The Obvious Incredible aired in the fall of 1976. The format for Soviet morons, in short. The song remained one of the most performed in his author's concerts in the last years of his life, many phrases from it became winged.
I especially like 'Dear Gear', personally I like 🥰
Expensive gear!
Saturday, almost crying,
All Kanatchikova dacha
I was rushing to the TV.
Instead of eating, wash,
Prick and forget,
The whole crazy hospital
At the screens gathered.
He said, breaking his hands,
Redbay and Balamut
About the impotence of science
In front of the secret Bermuda.
I've smashed all my brains out,
All the gyrus is buried.
And the Kanatchikovs power
They're giving us a second shot!
Dear Editor!
Maybe it's better to do it about the reactor.
About your favorite lunar tractor?..
You can't do it for a year.
That plates frighten -
They say, vile, fly,-
Then your dogs bark,
That ruins say!
We're talking about what we're talking about.
We've been hitting the plates all year,
We've already eaten a dog on them.
(If the cook doesn't lie to us)
And medicine piles
We're in the toilet, who's not a fool.
This is life, and all of a sudden, Bermuda.
That's the time! You can't do that!
We didn't make a scandal -
We lacked a leader:
There are not many real exuberant ones,
There are no leaders.
But on the machinations and delusions
We have the web and the nonsense,
And they won't spoil our impoverished
Angry machinations of enemies!
These are their thin devils.
Bermut water in the pond!
That's it, I'll tell you, invented by Churchill
In the eighteenth year!
We're talking about explosions, fires.
Tass's note was written...
But then the paramedics rushed.
And they fixed us.
Those who were particularly barefoot,
They've got their beds screwed to the back.
He was paranoid in foam,
Like a witch on a coven:
"You will untie the towels,
Innovators, beavers!
We're in a bermuctory heart.
And we're brave in our hearts!"
Forty souls howling in shifts,
Heated
Wa, how very disturbing
Triangular business!
Everyone's almost crazy -
Even who was insane,
And then chief medical officer Margulies
The TVr was banned.
There he is, the serpent, in the window looms,
It's hiding the plug behind it!
I've sent a sign to someone.
The paramedic ripped the wires!
And we have to get shot.
And fall to the bottom of the well,
And there's a chasm at the bottom of the well,
Like in Bermuda, forever!
Well, tomorrow the children will ask,
Visiting us in the morning:
"Dads! What these people said
Doctor's candidates?"
We will open our children
The truth - they care -
"Amazing -next door,
But it's forbidden!"
And there's rudist-taker Rudik.
He's got a grundy receiver,
He twists it at night -
Catching, Contra, Germany!
He was a merchant there.
And he moved his mind,
And we got into a terrible excitement,
With a disturbed stomach
And with a number plate on his leg.
He came running, excited, very much,
And we were shocked by the message,
It's like our science liner.
I'm mired in a triangle,
I've been out of fuel.
The whole thing fell apart into pieces...
But two of our crazy brothers
Picked up by fishermen.
Those who survived the cataclysm
They are pessimistic.
They were in a glass prism yesterday.
They brought us to the hospital,
And one of them, mechanic,
He said, after running away from the babysitters,
What Bermuda is a polyhedron -
The unopened navel of the Earth!
"What was there? How did you escape?" -
Everyone climbed and molested.
But the mechanic was just shaking.
And the bureaucrats shot.
He was crying, he was laughing,
He bristled like a hedgehog...
He was making fun of us!
Well, crazy, what do you take.
A former alcoholic was called up,
Mothershinnik and The Kramolnik:
"You've got to drink a triangle!
Three of him! You're giving it!
I've been gone, so he's got a sing:
"The triangle will be drunk!
If he were a parallelepiped,
If it's a circle, it's a louse!"
Let it be a crazy idea,
Don't make it a hot one!
Call us soon
Through the dock-head doctor.
With respect.
Answer us, or else,
If you don't respond,
Oh, we'll write to Sportloto!
https://youtube.com/watch?v=Nmy0HGq0iSY&feature=share
Thank you for your attention!
𝚼𝖔𝖚𝖗 𝕵𝖔𝖐𝖊𝖗 🃏