德国情报机构称中俄间谍活动对该国“构成严重威胁” - 纽约时报双语版
纽约时报双语版ERIKA SOLOMON2023年6月21日
Foreign intelligence services are increasingly targeting Germany, its domestic intelligence agency said on Tuesday, warning that espionage, cyberattacks and disinformation campaigns, particularly from China and Russia, “pose a serious threat” to the country.
德国国内情报机构周二表示，外国情报机构越来越多地将目标对准德国，并警告说，间谍活动、网络攻击和虚假信息活动，特别是来自中国和俄罗斯的活动，对该国“构成严重威胁”。
Though such assessments are issued annually, this year’s report was exceptional both for the strength of the warnings and as a measure of just how much Germany’s security environment had changed in a year.
尽管此类评估每年都会发布，但今年的报告无论是在警告力度还是衡量德国安全环境在一年内发生了多大变化方面都是不同寻常的。
Earlier this month, the government issued a comprehensive national security strategy for the first time, part of an expanding effort to confront Germany’s vulnerability to new military, economic and geopolitical threats.
本月早些时候，德国政府首次发布了一项全面的国家安全战略，这是在新的军事、经济和地缘政治威胁下，德国为应对自身弱点所做的不断扩大的努力的一部分。
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and rising global tensions with China served as a backdrop to the country’s increased exposure to foreign interference, given its position both in NATO and as one of the most powerful countries in the European Union, the agency said.
该机构表示，鉴于德国是北约盟国，也是欧盟最强大国家之一，在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以及与中国的全球紧张局势加剧的背景下，德国面临更多外国干涉的风险。
“Russia’s war against Ukraine also means a turning point for internal security,” Germany’s interior minister, Nancy Faeser, said at the news conference presenting the report from the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, as the agency is known.
“俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争也意味着国内安全的转折点，”德国内政部长南希·费瑟在新闻发布会上发布联邦宪法保护办公室的报告时表示。
Yet the report’s strongest warning was reserved for China, which the agency described as “the greatest threat in terms of economic and scientific espionage.”
然而，该报告中最严重的警告是针对中国的，报告将中国描述为“经济和科学间谍活动方面的最大威胁”。
The publication of the harsh assessment of Chinese intelligence activities came at an awkward moment for Chancellor Olaf Scholz, who on the same day was hosting the Chinese premier, Li Qiang, as part of the annual Germany-China government consultations.
在这个时候发表对中国情报活动的严厉评估，对德国总理奥拉夫·肖尔茨来说非常尴尬，他当天正在接待中国总理李强，这是德中政府年度磋商的一部分。
德国内政部长南希·费瑟六月在新闻发布会上。The talks — meant to renew relations between the two nations after a three-year hiatus from in-person talks during the pandemic — come in a changed world of increasing geopolitical tensions with China over its relationship with Russia, and growing efforts by Washington and other Western governments to “de-risk” economic ties with Beijing.
经过三年因疫情的线下会面中断，该会谈旨在恢复两国之间的关系，与此同时，世界已经发生了变化，中国与俄罗斯的关系导致中国地缘政治紧张局势日益加剧，而华盛顿和其他西方政府也在日益加紧与北京经济关系的“去风险化”。
The report notied that Germany in 2022 was one of China’s most important targets in Europe for legal investment.
报告指出，2022年德国成为中国在欧洲最重要的合法投资目标之一。
“Direct investments not only offer China the opportunity to make up for innovation deficits and achieve a technological lead, but also open the door to political influence, espionage and sabotage,” the report said, warning that it could also pose risks for national security.
报告称，“直接投资不仅为中国提供了弥补创新不足和实现技术领先的机会，也为政治影响、间谍活动和破坏活动打开了大门，”并警告说，这也可能对国家安全构成风险。
“The extent of these activities can also jeopardize Germany’s competitiveness as an industrial and technology location and undermine the laws of the market economy,” the report added. “Ultimately, this threatens to result in a loss of prosperity and, as a consequence, risks to democracy, social cohesion and Germany’s independence.”
“这些活动涉及面之广，还会损害德国作为工业和技术基地的竞争力，并破坏市场经济的法则，”报告还写道。“最终，这可能会损及繁荣，从而给民主、社会凝聚力和德国的独立带来风险。”
The Chinese delegation, which is also meeting with German business leaders, is expected to try to persuade the government not to impose stricter restrictions on Chinese companies operating in the country.
中国代表团也在与德国商界领袖会面，预计将试图说服政府不要对在德国经营的中国企业施加更严格的限制。
中国货船中远海运双子座号2022年在德国汉堡。The Chinese delegation was also likely to push against restrictions on the telecommunications firm Huawei expanding its 5G network in Germany, as the government is widely expected to do under recent laws that limit foreign investments in critical infrastructure.
中国代表团还可能反对限制电信公司华为参与德国5G网络的扩张，根据最近发布的限制外国投资关键基础设施的法律，人们普遍预计德国政府会实施这种限制。
Germany’s political establishment remains deeply divided over the government’s decision to allow the Chinese state-owned shipping company Cosco to purchase a minority stake in a terminal at the Hamburg port. Intelligence services and several ministries had advised against it.
德国各政治势力对政府允许中国国有航运公司中远集团购买汉堡港一个码头少数股权的决定仍存在严重分歧。情报部门和多个部表示反对。
But in two other recent cases, the government blocked Chinese purchases of two German companies involved in the semiconductor industry.
但在最近的另外两个交易中，政府阻止了中国收购两家涉及半导体行业的德国公司。
Three other countries named by the agency for increased intelligence operations were Iran, Turkey and North Korea, although much of that seemed focused on their domestic rivals based in Germany.
该机构点名加强情报行动的另外三个国家是伊朗、土耳其和朝鲜，尽管其中大部分似乎都集中在身在德国的本国对手。
Thomas Haldenwang, the head of Germany’s domestic intelligence agency, said that Germany and Europe had successfully intensified efforts to expel members of Russia’s diplomatic corps suspected of being intelligence agents — Germany deported 40 suspected clandestine agents from the Russian embassy last year, while overall in Europe some 400 were expelled.
德国国内情报机构负责人托马斯·哈尔登旺表示，德国和欧洲已成功加紧驱逐疑为情报人员的俄罗斯外交使团成员——德国去年从俄罗斯大使馆驱逐了40名疑似为秘密特工的人员，整个欧洲共驱逐了400人。
德国国内情报部门负责人托马斯·哈尔登旺，摄于2022年。More had been expelled in 2023, he noted, saying those efforts have limited Russia’s espionage capacity.
他指出，2023年有更多人被驱逐，并称这些努力限制了俄罗斯展开间谍活动能力。
Russia is likely to “act more clandestinely and aggressively in the future,” Mr. Haldenwang said. “This could include the use of so-called illegals— intelligence officers smuggled in with false identities — as well as increased cyberattacks and even sabotage operations.”
俄罗斯“未来的行动可能会更加秘密、更加激进”，哈尔登旺说。“这可能包括使用所谓的非法人员——使用虚假身份偷渡的情报人员——以及增加网络攻击甚至破坏行动。”
Several “illegals” have been exposed across Europe since the war in Ukraine began, though no major cases have been found in Germany so far. However, last year, Germany discovered a Russian mole in its own foreign intelligence services.
自乌克兰战争爆发以来，欧洲各地已发现数名这样的“非法移民”，但德国迄今尚未发现重大案件。然而，去年，德国在自己的外国情报部门中发现了俄罗斯内奸。
Ms. Faeser, the interior minister, said cybersecurity was “an even more acute risk for Germany.”
内政部长费瑟表示，网络安全“对德国来说是一个更为严重的风险”。
She added that Russia would focus on “hybrid attacks,” including disinformation campaigns that encouraged conspiracy theories and support for far-right groups.
她还说，俄罗斯将重点关注“混合攻击”，包括鼓励阴谋论和支持极右团体的虚假信息活动。
The agency has for several years described the far-right as the biggest threat to German democracy, including the Alternative for Germany, known as the AfD. The agency estimated that some 10,000 of the party’s 28,500 members were suspected extremists.
该机构多年来一直将极右翼描述为德国民主的最大威胁，其中包括德国另类选择党，即AfD。该机构估计，该党2.85万名党员中约有一万人有极端分子嫌疑。
六月在柏林附近的亨尼希斯多夫，AfD宣传亭。Even so, the party has been on the rise, reaching 20 percent in some national polls.
即便如此，该党的支持率一直在上升，在一些全国民意调查中达到了20%。
The rise of conspiracy theories in the wake of the pandemic has added to the potency of the far-right threat, according to analysts.
分析人士称，大流行之后阴谋论的兴起增加了极右威胁的威力。
Last year, security raids foiled a planned coup attempt by a group of right-wing conspiracy theorists — among them AfD members — who had concocted a fantastical plot to instate a prince as the country’s leader.
去年，安全部门突查挫败了一群右翼阴谋论者策划的政变企图，其中包括AfD成员。这群人策划了一个荒诞的阴谋，要让一位亲王成为该国的领导人。
The plot had no known links to Russia but shows the reason for authorities’ concern. The conspirators were unlikely a serious threat to Germany’s government, but they were collecting weapons and planned to attack the Parliament.
该阴谋与俄罗斯没有已知的联系，但表明了当局担忧的原因。阴谋者不太可能对德国政府构成严重威胁，但他们正在收集武器并计划袭击议会。
At the news conference, Mr. Haldenwang was asked to describe the difference in his assessment of the intelligence risks from Russia and China.
在新闻发布会上，哈尔登旺被要求陈述他对俄罗斯和中国情报风险评估的差异。
He declined to say directly which country was a greater threat, but said: “The Russian services’ approach is more robust, more visible. They work in a classical way, actually with all means known to the espionage sector. Sometimes even with means one knows only from films. Russian services do not restrain themselves in extreme consequence — also from the killing of persons.”
他拒绝直接透露哪个国家的威胁更大，但表示：“俄罗斯情报部门的手法更强横、更明显。他们以老派的方式工作，事实上使用了间谍部门已知的所有手段。有时甚至是只会在电影中见到的手段。俄罗斯部门不会克制自己以避免极端后果——也不忌讳杀人。”
“This very robust way of doing something like that, we don’t see that with the Chinese,” he said.
“我们在中国人身上看不到这种非常强势的做事方式，”他说。
翻译：纽约时报中文网
本文章抓取自RSS，版权归源站点所有。
查看原文：德国情报机构称中俄间谍活动对该国“构成严重威胁” - 纽约时报双语版
[点击] 加入书友群 1.5TB电子书资源 @ideahub_ml
[点击] 全网福利资源|薅羊毛·省钱中心 @rss_news_list
