四通桥事件鼓舞下，中国年轻人的政治觉醒 - 纽约时报双语版
纽约时报双语版袁莉2022年10月25日
A protester unfurled two banners on a highway overpass in central Beijing on Oct. 13, denouncing Xi Jinping as a “despotic traitor.” China’s censors went to great lengths to scrub the internet of any reference to the act of dissent, prohibiting all discussion and shutting down many offending social media accounts.
10月13日，一名抗议者在北京市中心的一座立交桥上打出了两条横幅，谴责习近平是“独裁国贼”。中国的审查人员竭尽全力删掉了网上提及该抗议行为的内容，禁止所有相关讨论，还封了许多违规者的社交媒体帐号。
The slogans didn’t go away. Instead, they caught on inside and outside China, online and offline.
但抗议标语并没有因此而消失。它们反而在中国境内境外，以及线上线下传播开来。
Encouraged by the Beijing protester’s extremely rare display of courage, young Chinese are using creative ways to spread the banners’ anti-Xi messages. They graffitied the slogans in public toilets in China. They used Apple’s AirDrop feature to send photos of the messages to fellow passengers’ iPhones in subway cars. They posted the slogans on university campuses all over the world. They organized chat groups to bond and shouted “Remove Xi Jinping” in front of Chinese embassies. This all happened while the Communist Party was convening an all-important congress in Beijing and putting forth an image of a country singularly united behind a great leader.
中国的年轻人受到了北京这名抗议者极为罕见的勇敢表现所鼓舞，正在用充满创意的方式传播横幅上的反习信息。他们把抗议标语涂鸦在公共厕所里；用苹果产品的隔空投送功能，把抗议标语的图片发给地铁车厢里其他乘客的iPhone上；在世界各地的大学校园张贴标语海报；组织聊天群加强联系，在中国大使馆前高喊“罢免习近平”。这一切都发生在中国共产党在北京召开一次非常重要的全国代表大会、展现在伟大领袖领导下紧密团结的国家形象之际。
The aftermath of the Beijing protest “made me feel, for the first time, hopeful,” said an organizer of an Instagram account known as Citizens Daily CN, which posts photo submissions of sightings of anti-Xi messages. “In this era of oppressive silence, there’s anger in silence, hope in despair.”
北京抗议活动的出现“让我最明显的感觉不是艰难，而是有希望”，参与管理Instagram“公民日报”帐号的人说。这个帐号专门发布人们看到的反习信息的照片。“这么‘万马齐喑’的时代，其实静默中也有愤怒，绝望中也有希望。”
Young people like him are emerging as unexpected rebels against Mr. Xi, who over the weekend became China’s most powerful leader since Mao Zedong by securing a norm-breaking third term and stuffing the party’s leadership with loyalists.
像他这样的年轻人正在出人意料地成为反习叛逆者。习近平是中国自毛泽东以来权力最大的领导人，上周末，他获得了打破常规的第三个任期，而且把中共领导层全部变成了自己的亲信。
While there has always been political dissent in China, the country’s Generation Zers are known for toeing the government line, both because they grew up in China’s most prosperous period and because the party is very good at using the internet and social media for indoctrination.
尽管中国一直存在政治异见，但中国的Z世代以听政府的话而闻名，这是因为他们成长于中国最繁荣的时期，也是因为中共非常善于利用互联网和社交媒体进行思想灌输。
Now, though, some of them are experiencing a quiet political awakening, having grown unhappy about the government’s comprehensive censorship, the harsh “zero Covid” policy and the ever-tightening grip on society.
但现在，由于对政府的全面审查、严厉的“新冠清零”政策，以及对社会不断收紧的控制感到不满，他们中的一些人正在悄悄经历一场政治觉醒。
The vast majority of the young dissenters are having their first brush with political rebellion, which is prohibited in China and closely monitored by the authorities, even as a Chinese person living abroad. In doing so, they’re overcoming their fear of the repressive government, their political depression and their loneliness as political heretics in a society that espouses one leader, one party and one ideology.
对绝大多数年轻异见者来说，这是他们第一次触及政治反抗，这种反抗在中国是被禁止的，而且受到当局的严密监控，哪怕你是居住在海外的中国人。在这样做的过程中，他们正在克服对专制政府的恐惧和政治上的压抑感，以及在只拥护一名领导人、一个政党和一种意识形态的社会里，作为政治异端的孤独感。
As beginner protesters, they’re timid, scared and inexperienced. They are ashamed that they have to ask for anonymity in media interviews and even hide their identities from each other. (All the people interviewed for this column requested anonymity for fear of punishment by the Chinese authorities.) The risks are too high. But being part of the global anti-Xi protest movement empowers them.
他们是抗议新手，胆小、害怕，也缺乏经验。他们对于在接受采访时提出不具名的要求感到羞愧，他们甚至对彼此隐瞒身份。（因为害怕中国政府，本文所有受访者都要求不具名）反抗的风险太高。但成为全球反习抗议运动的一员又让他们有一种获得力量的感觉。
By sharing the protest posters online, many people realized that they were not alone in their political thinking. “It comforts people and gives them hope,” said the administrator of the Instagram account @northern_square, an art student in the United States. The account has received more than 2,000 submissions from all over the world of sightings of anti-Xi messages. Citizens Daily CN said that by Sunday it had received more than 1,500 submissions of anti-Xi slogan sightings from more than 328 universities around the world.
通过在网上分享抗议海报，许多人意识到，他们并不是唯一有这种政治想法的人。“它会给人宽慰和希望，”上述Instagram帐号的管理员、在美国学习艺术专业的“北方广场”说道。该帐号已收到人们在世界各地看到的2000多个反习信息的图片。公民日报称，截至周日，已收到来自全球328多所大学的1500多份反习标语目击报告。
一张来自社交媒体的照片显示，本月早些时候，一名抗议者在北京的四通桥悬挂了公开抨击中国最高领导人习近平的横幅。In a sign of the risks these people are taking, Citizens Daily CN’s organizers and volunteers, mostly living outside China, remain anonymous even to each other.
公民日报的组织者和志愿者大多居住在中国境外，他们甚至不知道彼此的真实姓名，由此可见这些人所承担的风险。
The Beijing protester is now viewed as a hero and an inspiration among many Chinese. He was last seen being detained by the police on the Sitong Bridge overpass. His identity still unverified, he’s being called the “Bridge Man,” a reference to the “Tank Man,” who stood in front of tanks during the bloody crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators in Beijing in 1989.
北京的那名抗议者现已被许多中国人视为英雄和鼓舞人心的人。人们最后一次看到他是在四通桥上被警方带走的情景。他的身份仍未得到证实，他被称为“四通桥人”(Bridge Man)，这一称呼仿照了“坦克人”，后者指的是1989年北京血腥镇压民主示威者时，站出来挡住坦克前行的那个人。
His banners contained a list of accusations against Mr. Xi’s rule over the past decade, during which the autocratic leader severely restricted freedom of speech, walked back economic reforms and subjected 1.4 billion Chinese to mandatory participation in the zero-Covid policy, which has thrown the country into social, economic and political chaos.
他挂出来的横幅对习近平过去十年的统治进行了一系列声讨，这名专制领导人在其统治期间严格限制言论自由，放弃经济改革，还强迫14亿中国人接受新冠清零政策，该政策让国家陷入了社会、经济和政治混乱。
Mr. Xi has all but silenced nearly everyone inside the country who has ever spoken up to him, from activists to business leaders to academics, sentencing some of them to long jail terms. His propaganda machine has been in high gear, brainwashing China’s young generation. People who thought independently either learned to shut up or were forced to emigrate.
习近平还让国内几乎所有曾敢于发表反对意见的人噤声，他们包括活动人士、商界领袖和学者，其中一些人被判以长期监禁。习近平的宣传机器一直在高速运转，对中国的年轻一代进行洗脑。独立思考者要么学乖了、不再发声，要么被迫移民。
A university student in Guangzhou told me that he was stunned by the courage of the “Bridge Man.” He wants more Chinese to learn about what the man has done. Several times in the past week, he boarded subways and used his iPhone’s AirDrop function to share photos about the protest and instructions on how to download virtual private network software to bypass China’s censorship.
广州的一名大学生告诉我，“四通桥人”的勇气使他震惊。他想让更多的中国人知道这个人干了什么。过去一周，他多次在地铁使用iPhone的隔空投送功能，分享四通桥抗议照片，还分享教人如何下载虚拟专用网络软件，以绕过审查制度的指南。
“The first step to end the Communist Party rule is to wake up the people,” he said. He believes that accessing uncensored information can help break the spell of indoctrination.
他说，“结束共产党的统治第一步是让这些人觉醒。”他认为，能看到未经审查的信息有助于打破思想灌输的紧箍咒。
This semester he has to spend three afternoons a week in ideology classes, including one that teaches students how to think about current affairs, such as U.S.-China relations and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. With the censorship and brainwashing, it’s very hard to wake people up, he said.
这个学期，他每周要花三个下午上思想教育课程，包括教学生如何思考时事（比如美中关系和俄罗斯入侵乌克兰）的课程。他说，由于审查和洗脑，唤醒人们很困难。
He was scared when he boarded the subway, he said. He wore a mask, as required by the Guangzhou metro’s Covid policies, and found a place where he could use his jacket to keep his phone screen from being seen by surveillance cameras or other passengers. He said more than 20 people had accepted his photos via AirDrop. But he also got an unexpected response from a fellow passenger who sent a photo with the sentence, “China doesn’t need smart cookies.”
他说，刚在地铁上做这些事情的时候很害怕。他按照广州的地铁防疫政策要求戴上了口罩，找到一个能用夹克将手机屏幕挡住、不让监控摄像头或其他乘客看到的地方。他说，已有20多人通过隔空投送接受了他发的图片，但也收到了一份意外回复，有人发给他一张写着“中国不需要聪明人”的照片。
“The passenger was mocking me that what I was doing was futile,” he said.
“TA在笑我，这样做是无意义的，”他说。
For Kathy, a Chinese student in London, political apathy like this is what upsets her the most. Out of her 30-plus undergraduate classmates back in Beijing, she could talk about politics to only one of them. The others either showed no interest or disapproved of her critical views of the government.
对在伦敦读书的中国学生凯西来说，这种政治冷漠是最让她不快的东西。她只能和她在北京读大学时的30多个同学中的少数人谈论政治。其他同学要么没兴趣，要么不赞成她对政府的批评意见。
“They are usually normal people, even kind,” she said. Then they would become nationalistic “robots” when something like Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s Taiwan visit happened, she said. “As if a program embedded in the robots was turned on, everyone started posting the same horrible language on social media,” she said.
“他们其实很多时候是一个正常人，甚至是好人，”她说。但每当有美国众议院议长佩洛西访台之类的事情发生时，他们会变成民族主义“机器人”，她说。“他们就像是机器人体内程序的设定突然发作了，然后发一些你觉得非常恐怖的话，”她说。
When she saw photos of the protest in Beijing, she was awed by the “Bridge Man’s” courage, too. Then she started seeing people posting sightings of anti-Xi slogans in many parts of the world.
看到四通桥的抗议照片时，她也被“四通桥人”的勇气所震撼。然后她开始看到人们上传到网上的在世界各地看到反习口号的图片。
She started to cry and couldn’t stop for hours, she said.
她忍不住哭了起来，哭了几个小时，她说。
As the photos of the protest posters kept coming in, she felt she saw a little light in the darkness. She’s not alone anymore.
随着抗议海报图片不断上传，她觉得在黑暗中看到了一丝曙光。她不再孤单。
“I thought to myself that there are many Chinese who also want freedom and democracy,” she said. “But where are you? Where can I find you? If we meet on the street, how can we recognize each other?”
“我就想有很多想要自由，想要民主的中国人，”她说。 “但是你们到底在哪里？我到底该怎么找到你呢？我们走在街上又怎么能够认出彼此？ ”
At about 4 the next morning, she went downstairs from her dorm room to print some posters. She was nervous about running into other Chinese students, most of whom she would describe as “little pinks,” or pro-Beijing youths. She wore a mask to avoid cameras, even though she had seldom worn one since arriving in London a few weeks ago.
第二天早上4点左右，她从寝室下楼去打印了一些海报。她担心遇到其他中国学生，她说大多数中国学生都是“小粉红”。为了避开摄像头，她带上了口罩，尽管自她几周前抵达伦敦以来，很少戴口罩。
She was even more nervous putting up the posters on campus. Every time she saw an East Asian face, she would run to hide in a corridor or a restroom. She was afraid they could report her to the embassy or post photos of her on social media. Her parents are still in China, so she needs to take their safety into account.
她在校园里张贴海报时更加紧张。每次看到东亚面孔，她都会跑到走廊或洗手间躲起来。她担心他们会向大使馆举报她或在社交媒体上发布她的照片。她的父母还在中国，所以她需要考虑到他们的安全。
After putting up the posters all over her campus, she felt much more at peace with herself.
将海报贴满校园后，她的内心平静了许多。
A week later, when a new chat group titled “‘My Duty’ Democracy Wall in London” was set up on the messaging app Telegram, Kathy was one of the first to join. Within a day, more than 200 Chinese had also signed up. By Sunday, four days later, there were more than 400 members. Most introduced themselves as students and professionals in the U.K. Many said they had joined to find like-minded people because they, like Kathy, didn’t know whom to trust and felt lonely and powerless.
一周后，当消息应用程序Telegram上建立了一个名为“‘我的义务’伦敦民主墙”的新聊天群时，凯西是第一批加入的人之一。还有200多名中国人在一天之内报名加入。到了四天后的星期日已超过400人。大多数人介绍自己是英国的学生和专业人士。许多人说，他们加入是为了寻找志同道合的人，因为他们和凯西一样，不知道该信任谁，感到孤独和无能为力。
Citizens Daily CN, the Instagram account, organized Telegram chat groups in London, New York, Toronto and two other places to provide a safe online space for overseas Chinese to exchange views. Most people use online handles that disguise their identity.
Instagram帐号“公民日报”组织了在伦敦、纽约、多伦多和另外两个地方的Telegram聊天群，为海外华人提供安全的网上交流空间。大多数人使用隐藏身份的网名。
They have discussed the depths of their frustration with political apathy and the best way to deal with pro-Beijing youth. Quite a few admitted that they were once nationalistic themselves, but added that China’s harsh zero-Covid policy had made them realize the importance of having a government accountable to its people. More important, they discussed what further actions they could take.
他们讨论对政治冷漠的挫败感，以及与小粉红打交道的最佳方式。不少人承认，他们自己也曾是民族主义者，但补充说，中国严厉的清零政策使他们意识到，拥有一个对人民负责的政府的重要性。更重要的是，他们讨论了可以采取的进一步行动。
On Sunday, Kathy, who is in her early 20s, joined a demonstration for the first time in her life. For safety, she wore a mask and sunglasses, even though it was dark when the protest reached the Chinese Embassy in London. A young Chinese woman started chanting slogans made popular by the Bridge Man: “Students, workers, let’s strike. Depose the despotic traitor Xi Jinping.”
周日，20岁出头的凯西有生以来第一次参加了示威活动。为了安全起见，她戴着口罩和太阳镜，尽管抗议活动到达中国驻伦敦大使馆时天已经黑了。一位年轻的中国女性开始高呼因四通桥上的“四通桥人”而流传开来的口号：“罢课，罢工，罢免独裁国贼习近平。”
Kathy and a few other Chinese students repeated after her. Just uttering those words gave her goose bumps. She shivered and cried. “Fear never felt so strong and so real in my life,” she said. Hong Kong pro-democracy demonstrators cheered them on.
凯西和其他几个中国学生跟着她重复。光是说出这几个字就让她起鸡皮疙瘩。她颤抖着哭了起来。“这也是我第一次感受到最真实最强烈的恐惧，“她说。有香港的民主示威者为他们加油。
“It was unbelievable that I shouted those words,” Kathy said. “I learned that courage needs practice, too. I won’t be able to learn these things unless I practice them constantly.”
“第一次这么大声地喊出这些东西，难以置信，”凯西说。“勇气也是需要练习的。这些东西只有不断练习才能习得。”
袁莉为《纽约时报》撰写“新新世界”专栏，专注中国及亚洲科技、商业和政治交叉议题。欢迎在Twitter上关注她：@liyuan6。
翻译：纽约时报中文网
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