Multivitamins are a combination of many different vitamins that are normally found in foods and other natural sources.Multivitamins are used to provide vitamins that are not taken in through the diet. Multivitamins are also used to treat vitamin deficiencies (lack of vitamins) caused by illness, pregnancy, poor nutrition, digestive disorders, and many other conditions.Multivitamins may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.Never take more than the recommended dose of a multivitamin. Avoid taking more than one multivitamin product at the same time unless your doctor tells you to. Taking similar vitamin products together can result in a vitamin overdose or serious side effects.Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. An overdose of vitamins A, D, E, or K can cause serious or life-threatening side effects. Certain minerals contained in a multivitamin may also cause serious overdose symptoms if you take too much.Do not take this medicine with milk, other dairy products, calcium supplements, or antacids that contain calcium.
Calcium may make it harder for your body to absorb certain ingredients of the multivitamin.Many vitamins can cause serious or life-threatening side effects if taken in large doses. Do not take more of this medicine than directed on the label or prescribed by your doctor.Before you use multivitamins, tell your doctor about all your medical conditions and allergies. In some cases, you may not be able to use multivitamins, or you may need a dose adjustment or special precautions.Your dose needs may be different during pregnancy. Do not take multivitamins without telling your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Some vitamins and minerals can harm an unborn baby if taken in large doses. You may need to use a prenatal vitamin specially formulated for pregnant women.Multivitamins can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.Multivitamin Side EffectsGet emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives;
When taken as directed, multivitamins are not expected to cause serious side effects. Less serious side effects may include:upset stomach;headache; orunusual or unpleasant taste in your mouth.You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.Multivitamin InteractionsAvoid taking more than one multivitamin product at the same time unless your doctor tells you to. Avoid the regular use of salt substitutes in your diet if your multivitamin contains potassium. If you are on a low-salt diet, ask your doctor before taking a vitamin or mineral supplement.Do not take this medication with milk, other dairy products, calcium supplements, or antacids that contain calcium. Multivitamins can interact with certain medications, or affect how medications work in your body. Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to use multivitamins if you are also using any of the following drugs:tretinoin or isotretinoin;an antacid;an antibiotic;a diuretic or "water pill";heart or blood pressure medications;a sulfa drug;
orNSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)--ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), celecoxib, diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, and others.This list is not complete. Other drugs may interact with multivitamins and minerals, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide.Multivitamin DosageUse exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.Many multivitamin products also contain minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. Minerals (especially taken in large doses) can cause side effects such as tooth staining, increased urination, stomach bleeding, uneven heart rate, confusion, and muscle weakness or limp feeling. Read the label of any multivitamin product you take to make sure you are aware of what it contains.Take your multivitamin with a full glass of water.The chewable tablet must be chewed before you swallow it.
Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.Use multivitamins regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the liquid medicine from freezing.Store multivitamins in their original container. Storing multivitamins in a glass container can ruin the medication.Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Certain minerals may also cause serious overdose symptoms if you take too much.Overdose symptoms may include stomach pain, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, loss of appetite, hair loss, peeling skin, tingly feeling in or around your mouth, changes in menstrual periods, weight loss, severe headache, muscle or joint pain, severe back pain, blood in your urine, pale skin, and easy bruising or bleeding.Take the missed dose as soon as you remember.
Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.Copyright 1996-2017 Cerner Multum, Inc.Latest Update: 11/9/2016, Version: 3.05» » » 5 vitamins your body needs in winter1Vitamin C2VITAMIN D3Vitamin E4VITAMIN B COMPLEX5Omega 3Understanding the development of a complex structure such as a fruit provides both an interesting developmental model and an important task for agriculture, holding the potential of improving both product quality and human nutrition (Klee, 2010). For this task, the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit has proven a tractable model system, with complex metabolism and accessible genetics and genomics (Carrari and Fernie, 2006). For fruit quality, characterizing the complex mixture of sugars, acids, and volatiles that contribute to tomato flavor and the alterations of cell wall structure that contribute to tomato texture will be essential for improving the quality of tomatoes that have been bred for yield and stability during postharvest handling.
For nutrition, characterizing the important phytonutrients, such as flavonols, vitamin A precursors, and antioxidants, will be essential to improve human health in both over- and undernourished populations. In addition to its tremendous metabolic complexity, there is also a great spatial complexity to a developing tomato fruit. Because most previous studies have characterized tomato fruit development using homogenized pericarp tissues, this spatial complexity has been lost. To remedy this, Matas et al. (pages 3893–3910) combined laser capture microdissection of specific fruit cell types with high-throughput pyrosequencing to examine the transcriptomes of key tomato tissues. They characterized the outer and inner epidermis, the collenchyma, the parenchyma, and the vascular tissues of the developing tomato pericarp in tomato fruits at the maximal expansion stage (see figure). Although this preripening stage does not show the complexities associated with ripening, this proof-of-concept study does
allow examination of key factors in tomato development. Download as PowerPoint Slide Laser capture microdissection of tomato fruit. Tomato fruit in cross section (A). Labels indicate pericarp (p), empty locule (l), columella (c), seed (s), outer epidermis (oep), and inner epidermis (iep). Cryosection of the tomato fruit pericarp before microdissection (B). Labels indicate outer epidermis (oep), collenchyma (col), vascular bundle (vas), parenchyma (par), and inner epidermis (iep)Cryosection after microdissection of the vascular bundle; dissected area is indicated by arrows (C). Bars = 5 mm in (A) and 100 μm in (B) and (C). (Reprinted from Figures 1A, 1D, and 1G of Matas et al. [2011].) After optimizing the fixation and sectioning methods to get the best recovery of sequences from each tissue, the authors examined the distribution of over 20,000 unigenes by both hierarchical clustering and pairwise comparisons. They found that 821 transcription factors showed different expression patterns in the different tissues, demonstrating that this method can help reveal the