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A l«=5 . «?X&.'2
Harvard College
Library
FROM THE UBRARY OF
Archibald Gary Coolidge ra
Class of 1887 ~
THE GIFT OF
Harold Jefferson Coolidge ffi
Class of 1892
li
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Digitized by VjOOQ IC
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/
ANCHOR
Handy-Volume Atlas
OF THE
World.
lyith statistical Notes &• Complete Index.
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ANCHOR
Handy-Volume Atlas
OF THE
WORLD,
AN ENTIRELY NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION,
COhfTAINlNG
SEyENTV-TlVO NEIV AND SPECIALLY ENGRAVED PLATES,
WITH STA TISTICAL NOTES &• COMPLETE INDEX.
E. G. RAVENSTEIN, F.R.G.S.
Hon. FtUow of the Geographical Societies o/ Edinburgh, Atnsterdam,
Lisbon, and Frank/urt'on-Main.
NEW YORK:
GEORGE D. HURST,
Publisher.
1896.
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/^
MA If, cf/i,
)V'\-
^ HA'7/ARD COLLEnr LIBRARY
»"7C>M THC I i-^P/vrjY OF
AO(^M,g,, r -^.';jY COOLIDGE
- TCP GIFT OF
HAROLD JfF FLfRGON COOLIDGE
AhH 2 1928
v\'
A^
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Digitized by CjOOQIC
INTRODUCTION.
In a sense this Atlas may be looked upon as a new edition of the
Handy-Volume Atlas first published some years ago by Messrs. G.
Philip & Son. But whilst retaining the title of the old work, and
those features which ensured it a favourable reception among all
classes, the whole of the maps have been re-drawn and re-engraved,
and the letterpress accompanying them has been re-written. In its
present shape this neat and compact little volume may fairly claim
the favour extended to its predecessor, and it may confidently be
asserted that it will render more efficient service than many an Atlas
of greater bulk and higher pretensions.
In selecting the maps, care has been taken that the British Em-
pire, and those other parts of the world in which the British public
is more especially interested, should be adequately represented. The
scale of the maps has been expressed in proportional parts of nature,
a scale of z/i,ooo,oooth, or i : x,ooo,ooo, corresponding very neariy to
x6 miles to the inch. A multiplicity of scales has been avoided as
far as posable, in order that countries shown on different maps may
readily be compared.
The names have been spelt in accordance with the prhiciples
recommended by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, the
voweb being sounded as in Italian or German, the consonants as in
English.
The notes accompanying each map do not pretend to supersede
a geographical text-book, but merely to supplement it. The areas
and populations of the various countries are given in accordance with
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INTRODUCTION.
the most trustworthy information, and on attempt has been made to
classify mankind according to religions and languages (race). In
numerous instances it has been possible to give the decennial increase
of the population, whilst in the notes accompanying Plates I. and II.
an estimate of the population for 1895 has been introduced.
The Commercial Statistics, unless stated otherwise, are annual
means deduced from the three most recent years for which returns
were available. All values have been reduced to a gold standard,
and expressed in pounds sterling. The " staple exports " have in all
cases been given in the order of their importance as expressed in
money value, and the same rule has been followed in naming the
countries with which the trade is chiefly carried on.
The mean temperatures for the year and the extreme months,
and the rainfall, have been given for a large number of places.
£. G. R.
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CONTENTS.
Plmte.
The World in Hemispheres, with Diagrams of tiie Races and ReHgioM of
Mankind .........i
The World on Mercator's Projection, shewing the British Empire • *
The Atlantic Ocean .........3
The Arctic R^ons ........ 4
Europe --......-••S
British Isles 6
England and Wales 7
Northern England ........ 8
Parts of Yorkshire and Lancashire • • • • - • '9
Wales and Western Engtand ....... 10
SoQth-Eastem England it
The Envircms of London ..... - • 12
South- Western England, with insets of tlie Isle f£ Man and the Cbannd Isles 13
Scotland ..........14
Northern Scotland ........15
Central Scotland 16
Ireland .......... ly
The German Empire, with insets of Beriin and Hamburg • • • 18
Central Germany, with inset of Part of the Rhine • • • • 19
Belgium and th6 Netherlands— Denmark • • • • • . ao
Switzerland ......... gj
Norway and Sweden .........aa
Austria and Hungary, with inset of Vienna • - ... 93
France, with inset of Paris ........ 04
Spain and Portugal, with inset of Strait of Gibraltar • • • as
Italy, with inset of Rome • • • • - > . .96
Balkan Peninsula, with inset of the Bosporos • . . . . a^
Greece ---........98
Russia .......... 39
Ada 30
Turkey in Asia ......... ^^
Palestine, with inset of Modem Jerusalem • • . . .33
Persia, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan • .... -33
India and Further India ..... * - 34
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CONTENTS.
put*.
India—Northern Sboet ........ 35
India— Southern Sheet ........ 36
Further India ......... 37
The Malay Archipelago, with intet of the Moluccas -38
The Chinese Empire 39
China ...........40
Japan and Corea 4t
Western Siberia and Russian Central A^ •4a
Eastern Siberia 43
Africa ...........44
TheVaUeyoftheNUeand Arabia, with Inset of the Nile Delu • • 45
North Africa 46
Guinea and SenegamUa, with insets of Guinea and the Cape Verde Isles 47
Equatorial Africa ..•.••••• 48
South Africa 49
North America ......... go
Dominion of Canada ........ 51
Dominion of Canada— Maritime Provinces, with inset of Newfoundland • 5a
Dominion of Canada— Ontario and Quebec, with parts of the United States 53
Dominion of Canada—Western Provinces- • • • • '54
United States SS
United States— Eastern Division, with insets of New York and Boston • 56
United States— Central Division ...... 57
United States— Western Division S8
Mexico .......... 59
The West Indies and Central America • 60
South America ......... 6x
South America— North-East Sheet 6a
South America— North- West Sheet 63
South America— South Sheet • • • • • • -64
The Pacific Ocean 6s
Australia and New Zealand 66
New South Wales 67
Victoria 68
Queensland and British New Guinea • • .... 69
South Australia ......... 70
Western Australia ......... 71
New Zealand, with insets of Tasmania and the Fiji Islands . • .7a
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'S^an&ieslPoIumc Btlas of tbe IClorld.
plate I.
THE WORLD.
Shape and Size of the Earth : The Earth is very nearly an obbte spheroid.
whose <>horter axis coincides with its axis of rotation passing: throu^;h the two
poles.
Accordingf to Colonel Clarke's calculations, its major axis measures 41.852,124
feet, or 7.926 '5 statute miles; its minor axis 41.710.a42 feet, or 7.899-6 st itute
miles ; its circumference aion^ the Equator measures 24.902 statute ini.es, or
2T,6oo g^eo^aphical miles ; its total area >96,94u.4oo statute square miles ; and
its volume 259,880 million cubic miles.
Of this total area. S.4 p.c. (16,464.700511. m.) are within the Arctic and Ant-
arctic retfions : 51.6 p.c. (102,244.6^4 sq. m.) within the two temiieratu rci^ions ; 40
p.c (78,231.046 sq. m.) within the Tropics.
The Lan4 -. The land covers 54.807.420 sq. m , on the assumption tli;jt '5 ,c>t'.>
sq. ra. of land remain to be discovered within the Arctic Kej^iuus. ami ili.it ilm
supposed Antarctic continent, or '* Antarctis." has an extent ot v.5oo,oc«> i.q. m.
within the Antarctic circle.
The OCMJU : The oceans, indudinff the inland seas connect -J with them.
cover 142. 133,980 sq. m., or 72 p.c. of the total surface of the earth. There are
2.59 sq. m. of ocean to every sq. m. of land. This area is distributed over the
difTerent areas as follows: — Arctic Ocean, inchulinjj Hudson Bay, s.jys.^-^ ^'\. m. ;
Atlantic Ocean, 34.301,400 sq. m. ; hidian Ocean, 28,615,600 sq. m. ; Pai ifii Occ-un,
67(699,630 sq. m. ; Antarcttc Ocean, 5.731.350 sq. m.
Heights and Depth* : The mean height of the land has been esMinated at
a.440 feet; the mean depth of the sea, 11,470 feet (Karstaf'si. rhe lii>;liest
tuountain (Mt. Everest) rises to a height of 29,000 feet : the greatest depth ot the
ocean as yet discovered (in the Pacific, to the e.ist of Yezo) is ■-'^. ) }< f<;ot. If tl»e
whole of the solid crust of the earth were to be levelled, so .is to loriu a -iphennd.
It would still be covered by an ocean of an uniform depth of 8,0^0 feet (I'rof.
Penck).
Area and Popnlatioa of the great divisions of the Earth are estimated as
follows : — Europe. 3,864,750 sq. m., pop. 373,910,000 ; Asia. 17.074,050 sq. ni., pop.
839,523.000; Africa, 11,521,530 sq. 111., pop. 137,038,000; Australasia, 3.450.;^ sq.
m., pop. 5.954.000; North America, 9,294,330 sq. m., jwp. 9;. 270.0^.1; South
America, 6,817,390 sq. m., i>op. 39,153.000; Grahams Land (jo.ca^s j. ui.i.md unin-
habited islands in the Southern Oceans, in the temperate zones. 35.150 sq. m. ;
undiscovered Arctic islands, 250,000 sq. m. ; Antarctis, within the Antarctic
circle, 2,500,000 sq. m.
Races : The following estimate cannot claim to be systematic, fur. with tlie
exception of the Negroes in America and the Jews throu'.,'hoiit il:e world, the
division is by Ianguaj,'es rather than by race. The li.ilt" i)reefl, in Americi,
whose numbers can only be guessed at, have been das'-.e 1 with the inteiior ra-e.
Had linguistic distinctions alone l)een rigidly adhered to, tlie.c halfd)reeds, as
well as the Negroes in America, many Mongols in Asi.i. :.nd ot'icrs, would have
had to l>e classed as "Europeans."
Europeans, 445,606,000; Asiatic Aryans, ci^<,.J4^,<o .
Hamitef, iJ,_iSo,ooo; Afon/^o/iuns, 43^,07 2,iyjr>; .!/,//> v.v. 4--' ' (."■" ; '*> .r:'!\u,/'!s
(in India), 01,656,000; Nff^roes, i2<, V4i,oco: Aiistr»r..ins and r..i>ue..!.uis,
1,605,000; Hottentots 500,000; American Indians, 30, qU.ooo.
Religions: Christians of all kinds. 530,285,000: Jews, 8,5?.7,»<«' : M 'liani-
luedans, 217,903. „uo; Buddhists, Hindus, &c., 649,111,000 ; Hcaih.n, ;;7,oaj..i.v..
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Digitized by CoOgl^
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'■>an&S'Voluine BtUg of tbe TlCtoctt. pUtt 11.
THE WORLD.
The great state systems of the world can be trooped either according to the
Religrion o** ^^^ Natioualily of the dominant race.
AVe have thus a Christian IVorld, which has taken possession of 41,863,583
sq. xn., with a population of 1.015.395,850, of whom only 5a3.9x7.ooo, or 51 p.c.. are
Christians; a Mohammedan World, 4.883,500 sq. m., pop. 60,018.000. incl.
50.644.000 Mohammedans (84 p.c.) and 6.583,000 Christians ; a Mongolian World
(China. Japan. Corea, Ac), 4,888,570 sq. m.. pop. 417,5x0.000. of whom 414.673,000
(99 p.c.) are Mongolians, and 394,970.000 (95 p.c.) followers of Buddha or adherents
of some other Eastern Asiatic religfion ; and a Heathen Worlds which has shrunk
to a few islands in the Pacific, with 5.494 sq. m.. pop. 63,650.
These figures exhibit very plainly that Christianity is/at present the dominant
force, for Ctu-istian governments rule or claim to rule 68 p.c. of the population of
the world.
The 'Christian World' may be divided into six groups according to the
rulinj; nationalities. We have thus a Teutonic World, including the Anglo-British
Empire (18,416.563 sq. m., pop. 609,596,000) ; a Greco-Latin World (14.566.058 sq.
m.. pop. 351.838.000); a Slav World (Russia. Servia, Bulgaria. Montenegro)
(8.684.X86 sq. ra.. pop. 132.364.000); Hungary, which stands apart (135.611 sq. m..
pop. 19.490.000) ; a Negro World, confined to Haiti and Liberia (6.1,040 sq. in..
pop. 1,960.000) ; and the independent Cniistian islands in the Pacific (8.125 ^^- "!•«
pop. X57.350)'
The Anglo-Britiill Wortd includes the British Empire and the United States,
with an area of 14.941.134 sq. ni.. and a population of 473.944.90o souls, incL
XXX, 731,000 Europeans and 134.830,000 Christians.
The British Empire, including its feudatory states and the territories claimed
in Africa, but not yet occupied, has an area of 11,384,844 sq. m., pop. 402,363.90a
Of the population there are in Europe 39,477.000. in Asia 307,509.000, in Africa
43.243.000. in Australasia 4.949.000. in America 7,085,900. According to religion
there are 54.866,000 Christians (13 p.c), 149,000 Jows. 83.383.000 Mohammedans
(ixxore ttxan in all the independent Mohammedan States). 233.395.000 Buddhists
and other adherents of East Asiatic religions, and 31, 570.000 heathen. According
to race or language there are 49,829.000 Europeans (12 p.c.). 232,585,000 Asiatic
Aryauis, 909,000 Semites, 405,000 Hamites. 11,546.000 Mongolians. 1,255.000 Malays,
6x,656,ooo Dravidians. 42,907,000 Negroes, 679,000 Austral
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