中国宪法的问题（二）

2. 中国宪法是在政府的控制和监视下起草和通过的，应该说这不符合宪法作为限制政府权力和保护个人权利（正利）的文件的要求。与此相反，中国宪法非常强调中国共产党在治理国家中的统治者角色，并对个人权利（正利）和自由做了一系列的规定和限制。

在民主社会中，宪法通常被视为建立政府基本框架的文件，它包括权力的分立和个人权利（正利）和自由的保护。宪法还会建立对政府权力进行限制的条款，例如通过建立独立的司法机构或要求不同政府部门之间的制衡等条款。

当然，在包括中国在内的威权社会中，政府不仅不是建立对政府权力的限制条款，反而可能使用宪法和其他法律框架强加义务于个人并限制其自由。这可能导致个人受到各种法律义务和限制的约束，而政府却可以对每个人的生活掌握着巨大的控制权。

最终，宪法的效力和合法性将取决于许多因素，包括在宪法的起草和通过过程中的民众参与程度，其是否为政府的权力设置了制衡机制，以及宪法保护个人权利（正利）和自由的程度。在一个社会中，若宪法被当作政府控制和压迫人民的工具时，要想实现宪法的理论目标可能会面临相当大的困难。

2. The Chinese Constitution was drafted and passed under the control and surveillance of the government, and may not conform to the ideal of a constitution as a document that establishes limits on government power and protects individual rights. Instead, the Chinese Constitution places significant emphasis on the role of the Communist Party in governing the country, and provides for a number of limitations on individual rights and freedoms.

In democratic societies, the Constitution is typically seen as a document that establishes the basic framework of government, including the separation of powers and the protection of individual rights and freedoms. The Constitution may also establish limits on government power, such as through the establishment of an independent judiciary or the requirement for checks and balances between different branches of government.

It is certainly true that in authoritarian societies, including China, the government may use the Constitution and other legal frameworks to impose obligations on individuals and restrict their freedoms, rather than to establish limits on government power. This can lead to a situation in which individuals are subject to a range of legal obligations and restrictions, while the government retains significant power and control over their lives.

Ultimately, the effectiveness and legitimacy of a Constitution will depend on a number of factors, including the degree of popular participation in its drafting and adoption, the extent to which it provides for checks and balances on government power, and the degree to which it protects individual rights and freedoms. In societies where the Constitution is used primarily as a tool for government control and oppression, there may be significant challenges to realizing these goals.