German Border

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Austria-Germany Border. Austria is located in the south of Germany and is among the country’s bordering countries. ...
Description. ...
Denmark-Germany Border. ...
Switzerland-Germany Border. ...
Czech Republic-Germany Border. ...
Poland-Germany Border. ...
France-Germany Border. ...
Maritime Borders. ...
www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-count…
What are the countries that share a border with Germany?
What are the countries that share a border with Germany?
Germany also shares a maritime border with Sweden in the north and the United Kingdom in the northwest. Germany is in Western and Central Europe, bordering Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, France and Luxembourg in the south-west, and Belgium and the Netherlands in the north-west.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Ger…
What is the origin of the German border?
What is the origin of the German border?
The inner German border originated from plans by the Allies of World War II to divide a defeated Germany into occupation zones. Their boundaries were drawn along the territorial boundaries of 19th-century German states and provinces that had largely disappeared with the unification of Germany in 1871.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_German_bor…
What is the border line of East Germany?
What is the border line of East Germany?
The East–West border line. The actual border: a West German pole with warning sign, a GDR marker and the fence and a watchtower beyond. An East German boundary stone with "DDR" (Deutsche Demokratische Republik) carved on the eastern side. A distinctive East German "barber pole" border marker.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_German_bor…
When did the boundaries of Germany change in Germany?
When did the boundaries of Germany change in Germany?
The territorial changes of Germany include all changes in the borders and territory of Germany from its formation in 1871 to the present. Modern Germany was formed in 1871 when Otto von Bismarck unified most of the German states, with the notable exception of Austria, into the German Empire.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_evolutio…
Государственная граница ГДР и ФРГ — существовавшая в период с 1949 по 1990 годы государственная граница между двумя вновь образованными Германскими республиками: ГДР и ФРГ. Являлась одной из самых укреплённых и строго охраняемых границ в Европе послевоенного периода — второй половины XX века. Одновременно считалась одним из символов Холодной войны и границей между двумя противостоящими друг другу военно-политическими блоками: НАТО и ОВД.
Период эксплуатации: с 1952 по 1990 год
Современное состояние: Полностью демонтирована, остались отдельные фрагменты.
Открытость для публики: Нет. Пересечение только с разрешения.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_German_border
Built by: East Germany
Built: 1952
Рост: Up to 4 metres (13 ft)
In use: 1952–90
The Inner German border was the border between the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990. Not including the similar and physically separate Berlin Wall, the border was 1,393 kilometres (866 miles) long and ran from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia.

It was formally established on 1 July 1945 a…
The Inner German border was the border between the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990. Not including the similar and physically separate Berlin Wall, the border was 1,393 kilometres (866 miles) long and ran from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia.

It was formally established on 1 July 1945 as the boundary between the Western and Soviet occupation zones of former Nazi Germany. On the eastern side, it was made one of the world's most heavily fortified frontiers, defined by a continuous line of high metal fences and walls, barbed wire, alarms, anti-vehicle ditches, watchtowers, automatic booby traps, and minefields. It was patrolled by fifty thousand armed East German guards who faced tens of thousands of West German, British, and U.S. guards and soldiers. In the hinterlands behind the border were more than a million North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and Warsaw Pact troops.

The border was a physical manifestation of Sir Winston Churchill's metaphorical Iron Curtain that separated the Soviet and Western blocs during the Cold War. It marked the boundary between two economic systems – capitalism and communism. Built by East Germany in phases from 1952 to the late 1980s, the fortifications were constructed to stop the large-scale emigration of East German citizens to the West, about 1,000 of whom are said to have died trying to cross it during its 45-year existence. It caused widespread economic and social disruption on both sides; East Germans living in the region suffered especially draconian restrictions.

The better-known Berlin Wall was a physically separate, less elaborate, and much shorter border barrier surrounding West Berlin, more than 155 kilometres (96 mi) to the east of the inner German border. Berlin, which was entirely within the Soviet zone, had been similarly divided by the four powers, thus creating an exclave surrounded by East Germany that was closely aligned with (but not formally part of) West Germany.

On 9 November 1989, the East German government announced the opening of the Berlin Wall and the inner German border. Over the following days, millions of East Germans poured into the West to visit. Hundreds of thousands moved permanently to the West in the following months as more crossings were opened, and ties between long-divided communities were re-established as border controls became little more than a cursory formality. The inner German border was not completely abandoned until 1 July 1990, exactly 45 years to the day since its establishment, and only three months before German reunification formally ended Germany's division.

Little remains of the inner German border's fortifications. Its route has been declared part of the European Green Belt linking national parks and nature reserves along the course of the old Iron Curtain from the Arctic Circle to the Black Sea. Several museums and memorials along the old border commemorate the division and reunification of Germany and, in some places, preserve elements of the fortifications.
Fortifications of the inner German border
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark–Germany_border
In the treaty of Heiligen year 811 the Eider was recognized as a border between Denmark and the Frankish Empire. As a swampy river, it formed a natural border. On the highest area near the watershed, it was dryer. The very old travel route Hærvejen went there, and a defense wall, Danevirke, was built there. Later the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein arose. Before 1864 Schleswig was a fiefdom of Denmark, while Holstein was a fief of the Holy …
In the treaty of Heiligen year 811 the Eider was recognized as a border between Denmark and the Frankish Empire. As a swampy river, it formed a natural border. On the highest area near the watershed, it was dryer. The very old travel route Hærvejen went there, and a defense wall, Danevirke, was built there. Later the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein arose. Before 1864 Schleswig was a fiefdom of Denmark, while Holstein was a fief of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806) and a member of the German Confederation (after 1815). Both territories were ruled by the Danish king in his additional role as Duke of Schleswig and Duke of Holstein (occasionally together with other Dukes, like the Gottorp Dukes). The border between the Danish fief of Schleswig and the German fief of Holstein still ran along the Eider, the boundary between the duchies and the Kingdom of Denmark ran along the Kongeåen and the southern boundary of the Danish monarchy (≈Helstaten) ran along the Elbe.

In 1864, Schleswig-Holstein was conquered by Prussia, and so an international border was created between Denmark and Germany/Schleswig-Holstein. It went from a place at the coast 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Ribe, rounded Ribe on 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) distance, then went eastbound just south of Vamdrup, and just north of Christiansfeld to the Baltic Sea.

In 1920, the border was moved about 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwards to the present position, as determined by the Schleswig referendum in 1920. This approximately followed the not clearly defined language border.
Wikipedia · Текст по лицензии CC-BY-SA
https://m.dw.com/en/germany-aims-to-reopen-borders-what-you-need-to-know/a-53425563
Перевести · Germany's borders to France, Austria and Switzerland will be completely opened. No restrictions will apply. Entry from other countries may …
https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/einreiseundaufenthalt/coronavirus
Перевести · 04.09.2020 · Those entering Germany from risk areas must complete a digital entry registration form, be tested for coronavirus and, depending on the …
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany–Netherlands_border
The Germany–Netherlands border consists of a 570-kilometre land border and maritime border across the Dollart through the Frisian Islands into the North Sea.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/German-Swiss_border
Overview
History
Geography
Railway lines
Customs
The border between the modern states of Germany and Switzerland extends to 362 kilometres, mostly following the High Rhine between Lake Constance and Basel. Much of the border is within the sphere of the Zurich metropolitan area and there is substantial traffic, both for commuting and for shopping across the border, with a line of the suburban …
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany–Poland_border
Перевести · The Germany–Poland border (German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Polen, Polish: Granica polsko-niemiecka), the state border between Poland and Germany…
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The Inner German border (German: Innerdeutsche Grenze pronounced [ˈɪnɐdɔʏtʃə ˈgʁɛntsə] or Deutsch-deutsche Grenze pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃˌdɔʏtʃə ˈgʁɛntsə]; initially also Zonengrenze pronounced [ˈtsɔnənˌgʁɛntsə]) was the border between the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990. Not including the similar and physically separate Berlin Wall, the border was 1,393 kilometres (866 miles) long and ran from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia.
Border installations at Schlagsdorf
Mostly demolished, some parts preserved for historic record
It was formally established on 1 July 1945 as the boundary between the Western and Soviet occupation zones of former Nazi Germany. On the eastern side, it was made one of the world's most heavily fortified frontiers, defined by a continuous line of high metal fences and walls, barbed wire, alarms, anti-vehicle ditches, watchtowers, automatic booby traps, and minefields. It was patrolled by fifty thousand armed East German guards who faced tens of thousands of West German, British, and U.S. guards and soldiers.[1] In the hinterlands behind the border were more than a million North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and Warsaw Pact troops.
The border was a physical manifestation of Sir Winston Churchill's metaphorical Iron Curtain that separated the Soviet and Western blocs during the Cold War. It marked the boundary between two economic systems – capitalism and communism. Built by East Germany in phases from 1952 to the late 1980s,[2] the fortifications were constructed to stop the large-scale emigration of East German citizens to the West, about 1,000 of whom are said to have died trying to cross it during its 45-year existence.[3] It caused widespread economic and social disruption on both sides; East Germans living in the region suffered especially draconian restrictions.[4]
The better-known Berlin Wall was a physically separate, less elaborate, and much shorter border barrier surrounding West Berlin, more than 155 kilometres (96 mi) to the east of the inner German border. Berlin, which was entirely within the Soviet zone, had been similarly divided by the four powers, thus creating an exclave surrounded by East Germany that was closely aligned with (but not formally part of) West Germany.
On 9 November 1989, the East German government announced the opening of the Berlin Wall and the inner German border. Over the following days, millions of East Germans poured into the West to visit. Hundreds of thousands moved permanently to the West in the following months as more crossings were opened, and ties between long-divided communities were re-established as border controls became little more than a cursory formality. The inner German border was not completely abandoned until 1 July 1990,[5] exactly 45 years to the day since its establishment, and only three months before German reunification formally ended Germany's division.
Little remains of the inner German border's fortifications. Its route has been declared part of the European Green Belt linking national parks and nature reserves along the course of the old Iron Curtain from the Arctic Circle to the Black Sea. Several museums and memorials along the old border commemorate the division and reunification of Germany and, in some places, preserve elements of the fortifications.[6]
The inner German border originated from plans by the Allies of World War II to divide a defeated Germany into occupation zones.[7] Their boundaries were drawn along the territorial boundaries of 19th-century German states and provinces that had largely disappeared with the unification of Germany in 1871.[8] Three zones were agreed on, each covering roughly a third of Germany: a British zone in the north-west, an American zone in the south and a Soviet zone in the East. France was later given a zone in the southwest of Germany, neighbouring with France, carved out of the British and American zones.[9]
The division of Germany was put into effect on 1 July 1945. Because of their unexpectedly rapid advances through central Germany in the final weeks of the war, British and American troops occupied large areas that had been assigned to the Soviet zone of occupation. The redeployment of Western troops prompted many Germans to flee to the West to escape the Soviet takeover of the remainder of the Soviet zone.[10]
The wartime Allies initially worked together under the auspices of the Allied Control Council (ACC) for Germany.[11] Cooperation between the Western Allies and the Soviets ultimately broke down because of disagreements over Germany's political and economic future. In May 1949, the three western occupation zones were merged to form the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) with a freely elected government. In October, the Soviet zone was proclaimed the German Democratic Republic (GDR), under communist rule.[12]
From the outset, West Germany and the Allies rejected East Germany's legitimacy.[13] The creation of East Germany was deemed a communist/Soviet fait accompli, without a freely or fairly elected government. The FRG regarded German citizenship and rights as applying equally to West and East German citizens. An East German who escaped or was released to the West was automatically granted West German rights including residence, the right to work, and (later) EEC freedom of movement; West German laws were deemed to be applicable in the East. East Germans thus had a powerful incentive to move to the West, where they would enjoy greater freedom and economic prospects.[14] The East German government sought to define the country as a legitimate state in its own right[15] and portrayed West Germany as enemy territory (feindliches Ausland) – a capitalist, semi-fascist state that exploited its citizens, sought to regain the lost territories of the Third Reich, and stood opposed to the peaceful socialism of the GDR.[16]
In the early days of the occupation, the Allies controlled traffic between the zones to manage the flow of refugees and prevent the escape of former Nazi officials and intelligence officers.[17] These controls were gradually lifted in the Western zones, but were tightened between Western and Soviet zones in 1946 to stem a flow of economic and political refugees from the Soviet zone.[18] Between October 1945 and June 1946, 1.6 million Germans left the Soviet zone for the west.[19]
The east–west interzonal border became steadily more tense as the relationship between the Western Allies and the Soviets deteriorated.[20] From September 1947, an increasingly strict regime was imposed on the eastern Soviet zone boundary. The number of Soviet soldiers on the boundary was increased and supplemented with border guards from the newly established East German Volkspolizei ("People's Police"). Many unofficial crossing points were blocked with ditches and barricades.[21] The West Germans also stepped up security with the establishment in 1952 of the Federal Border Protection force of 20,000 men – the Bundesgrenzschutz, or BGS; however, Allied troops (the British in the north, the Americans in the south) retained responsibility for the military security of the border.[22]
The boundary line was nonetheless still fairly easy to cross. Local inhabitants were able to maintain fields on the other side, or even to live on one side and work on the other. Refugees were able to sneak across or bribe the guards, and the smuggling of goods in both directions was rife.[23] The flow of emigrants remained large despite the increase in East German security measures: 675,000 people fled to West Germany between 1949 and 1952.[24]
Phases of development of the inner German border
The border before fortification: inter-zonal barrier near Asbach in Thuringia, 1950
Inner German border at Priwall (Baltic Sea coast), July 1961
The newly strengthened border in 1962, with barbed-wire fences, watchtowers, and minefields
The relative openness of the border ended abruptly on 26 May 1952, when East Germany implemented a "special regime on the demarcation line", justified as a measure to keep out "spies, diversionists, terrorists and smugglers".[25] The East German move was taken to limit the continuing exodus of its citizens, which threatened the viability of East Germany's economy.[26]
A ploughed strip 10 m (32.8 ft) wide was created along the entire length of the inner German border. An adjoining "protective strip" (Schutzstreifen) 500 m (1,640 ft) wide was placed under tight control. A "restricted zone" (Sperrzone) a further 5 km (3.1 mi) wide was created in which only those holding a special permit could live or work. Trees and brush were cut down along the border to clear lines of sight for the guards and to eliminate c
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Inner German border - Wikipedia
Denmark–Germany border - Wikipedia
German Border