computer devices use to communicate

Network protocols are the languages that computer devices use to communicate. The protocols that computer networks support offer another way to define and group them. Networks can have more than one protocol, and each can support different applications. Protocols that are often used include TCP/IP, which is most common on the internet and in home networks.

A ring topology is like a bus topology because it uses a single cable with the end nodes connected to each other so the signal can circle through the network to find its recipient. The signal will try several times to find its destination even when the network node is not working properly.

A collapsed ring topology has a central node, which is a hub, router, or switch. These devices have an internal ring topology and places for cables to plug in. Every computer in the network has its own cable to plug into the device. In an office, this probably means having a cabling closet, where all computers are connected to the closet and switch.

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