Zuzana
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Zuzana
The Zuzana 2 is among
the most advanced artillery systems in the world
The Zuzana 2
is a recent Slovak self-propelled howitzer. It was developed by Konstrukta Defence. It is an
new
version of the original
Zuzana .
It is armed with a new 52-caliber
gun and has a longer firing range. This artillery system also has a redesigned forward
control cab and a number of other improvements. The Zuzana XA1 prototype
was first publicly revealed in 2008. Later this artillery system was renamed
from Zuzana A1 to Zuzana 2.
Currently it is among the most advanced artillery systems in the
world. In 2018 Slovak Ministry of Defense ordered 25 of these
artillery systems. Deliveries began in 2021. These replace in
service the relatively modern Zuzana artillery systems, that were
delivered between 1998 and 2000. In 2022 at least 8 Zuzana 2
howtizers were delivered to Ukraine in order to defend against the
Russian invasion.
Unlike many
self-propelled howitzers, the Zuzana 2 is based on an armored 8x8 wheeled chassis. Such chassis is less expensive to build and to maintain
comparing with tracked chassis.
The Zuzana 2
is armed with a turret-mounted 155 mm/L52 gun-howitzer. The gun is
mounted externally between two separated compartments of the turret.
It is fitted with an autoloader. Shells and charges are being loaded automatically
at any elevation of the gun.
The crew is completely isolated from potentially
dangerous gun and autoloader mechanisms and is protected from the
powder gasses generated during firing. Turret traverse is 360°,
however firing envelope is limited to 60°.
The Zuzana 2
fires all standard NATO 155 mm shells. This self-propelled
gun-howitzer is capable of both direct and indirect firing.
The Zuzana 2 can carry 3 main types of ammunition, including standard
high-explosive shells, extended-range high-explosive shells and
high-explosive anti-tank shells for direct firing at an armored
targets. Range of fire depends on the shell and charge combination.
Maximum range of fire is
41 km with rocket-assisted shells.
A total of 40 shells are carried by this artillery system.
Ammunition is stored in conveyors. Beds in conveyers are universal
for all 155 mm shells and charges. There is a fuze setter for
automatic setting of electronic fuzes.
This
artillery system can launch 6 shells within the first
minute, or 16 shells within 3 minutes. Manual loading is possible if
the autoloader fails. Manual rate of fire is
2 shells per minute. Sustained rate of fire is around 1.5
shells per minute.
This
artillery system is capable of Multiple Round Simultaneous Impact
Firing (MRSI). It
can launch a couple of shells at different trajectories in
order for them to hit the target simultaneously.
The Zuzana 2
has an automatic gun-laying mode. Firing data is calculated by the
onboard computer and the gun is laid on the target automatically.
This artillery system is fitted with navigation system. Onboard fire control
system allows to operate with digital maps.
There is also a roof-mounted 12.7 mm machine gun for self-defense.
Armor of the Zuzana
2 provides protection against small arms fire and artillery
shell splinters. Front arc withstands hits from 14.5 mm
armor-piercing rounds. Vehicle is fitted with NBC protection and
automatic fire extinguishing system.
This artillery system has quick preparation for firing and brief
redeployment time. Hydraulic stabilizers are lowered into the ground
before firing.
The Zuzana 2
is operated by a crew of 4, including commander, gunner, loader and
driver. This system has a
high level of automation.
This
artillery system uses a special 8x8 chassis developed by Tatra.
Vehicle has a new powerpack. It is powered by a
new and significantly more powerful Tatra T3B-928.70 turbocharged
diesel engine, developing 442 hp. A prototype was powered by a MAN D28 76 LF
diesel engine, developing 453 hp. Engine is located at the rear. It
is mated to a Tatra 10-speed gearbox. Vehicle is fitted with a
central tyre inflation system. However it has inferior cross-country
performance comparing to that of tracked vehicles. Turret is fitted
with independent auxiliary power unit, which powers all systems when
the main engine is turned off.
Normally a battery of Zuzana
2s would be supported by a fire control vehicle. Also there is an ammunition supply vehicle
with an armored cab,
based on Tatra 8x8 military truck. However, if required, each Zuzana
2 can operate on its own.
Diana
is a 155 mm
tracked self-propelled howitzer. It is armed with a new 55-caliber
gun. The turret is mounted on a Polish tracked chassis, that uses
many components of the
T-72 tank . It is powered by an S-12U engine,
developing 820 hp. A prototype was first publicly revealed in 2015.
This artillery system was aimed at an Indian Army requirement, but
is also proposed for other possible customers.
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www.Military-Today.com Zuzana 2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
155 mm Self-propelled Gun Howitzer model 2000 Zuzana on military exhibition IDEE in Trenčín, Slovakia
^ Roman Kment, 2010, 155 mm ShKH Zuzana 2. Obrana, XVIII, 5, s. 28-29 (Slovak)
^ Grohmann, Jan. "Slovenská armáda získá samohybné houfnice Zuzana 2" . Retrieved 5 May 2022 .
^ "Ukraine might be purchasing the Zuzana self-propelled howitzer from Slovakia" . mil.in.ua/en/ . 9 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-04-09 . Retrieved 2022-07-28 .
^ "Zuzana: Slovakia officially announces transfer of ACS to Ukraine" .
^ "Słowacja przekaże Ukrainie nowoczesną artylerię" . defence24.pl (in Polish) . Retrieved 2022-05-30 .
Zuzana 155 mm Gun Howitzer is a Slovak artillery system with a 45-caliber gun and automatic loader for loading of both projectile and charge. It is an evolution of the 152mm SpGH DANA self-propelled howitzer.
The system has a long range, high accuracy and rate of fire , it can be prepared promptly for firing, and it has a high level of mobility ensured by a modified Tatra 8×8 chassis. The design of the gun means it can use any NATO standard 155 mm ammunition available on the market . The fire control system allows for a multiple-round simultaneous-impact (MRSI) mode. One of the unique features of Zuzana is that the gun is mounted externally in between two totally separated compartments of the turret . This makes the crew inherently safe from any potentially dangerous mechanics of the gun and autoloader plus the crew is protected from the gases generated during firing.
The original wheeled version adopted by the Slovak Army in 1998.
Updated version with a new 52-calibre gun, full 360-degree turret traverse, a new armored cab and further reduced crew of three enabled by automation. It has passed Slovak Army trials in December 2009. [1] Slovak army had ordered 25 vehicles (to be delivered in year 2021 and 2022). [2]
The new version is claimed to possess Multiple Rounds Simultaneous Impact (MRSI) capability.
1990's adaptation of the original system to a tracked chassis required by export customers. It is essentially a Zuzana turret mounted on a T-72 chassis.
The tracked version so far did not achieve orders beyond initial evaluation units and further production is unlikely.
Loading of projectiles and charges:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article needs to be updated . Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. ( July 2021 )
^ "Prezidentka Čaputová má nového partnera, svého bývalého poradce" . www.novinky.cz . Retrieved 25 May 2020 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Santora, Marc; Germanova, Miroslava (30 March 2019). "Zuzana Caputova Is Elected Slovakia's First Female President" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Kalan, Dariusz (28 March 2019). "Can Zuzana Caputova Save Slovakia?" . Foreign Policy . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ Jump up to: a b c Juhasz, Laszlo (29 March 2019). "Outsider Caputova wins Slovak presidency" . AFP . Retrieved 31 March 2019 – via Yahoo! News.
^ Fabok, Martin. "Profile of Presidential Candidate Zuzana Caputova – News Now" .
^ "Profile" (PDF) . Zuzana Čaputová . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ Jump up to: a b "Profile of Zuzana Caputova" . TASR . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ "Profil prezidentskej kandidátky Zuzany Čaputovej" . Teraz.sk . Bratislava: TASR. 1 February 2019 . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ "Q&A with Zuzana Čaputová" . Goldman Environmental Foundation. 9 November 2016 . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ "From attorney and activist to president of Slovakia. Who is Zuzana Čaputová?" . Spectator.sme.sk . The Slovak Spectator . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ "Goldman Prize Winner Zuzana Caputova is Newest ELAW Fellow" . Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ a.s, Petit Press. "Progresívne Slovensko neprekvapilo, povedie ho Štefunko. Trúfa si na 15 percent" . Domov.sme.sk . Retrieved 26 February 2019 .
^ a.s, Petit Press. "Čaputová sa vzdala funkcie podpredsedníčky Progresívneho Slovenska" . domov.sme.sk (in Slovak) . Retrieved 27 March 2019 .
^ Jump up to: a b Santora, Marc (15 March 2019). "In Slovakia, Unlikely Presidential Candidate Signals a Backlash Against Populism" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 16 March 2019 .
^ Santora, Marc and Miroslava Germanova (30 March 2019). "Zuzana Caputova Is Elected Slovakia's First Female President" . The New York Times . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ Patricolo, Claudia (27 February 2019). "Robert Mistrík pulls out of Slovak presidential race, backs Zuzana Čaputová" . Emerging Europe . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ a.s, Petit Press (31 March 2019). "Čaputová framed the election "as a struggle between good and evil" " . spectator.sme.sk .
^ "Slovakia's first female president hails victory for progressive values" . 31 March 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
^ "Humanist lawyer becomes Slovakia's first female president" . Emerging Europe . 31 March 2019.
^ "Zuzana Caputova becomes Slovakia's first female president" . BBC News. 31 March 2019 . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ Terenzani, Michaela (31 March 2019). "Čaputová won on a record low turnout" . spectator.sme.sk . The Spectator . Retrieved 31 March 2019 .
^ "Zuzana Caputova inaugurated as 1st Slovak female president" . foxnews.com . Associated Press. 15 June 2019.
^ "President Zuzana Caputova most trusted politician in Slovakia" . Kafkadesk . 22 April 2020 . Retrieved 4 November 2021 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )
^ "President Caputova most trusted politician in Slovakia, poll shows" . Kafkadesk . 21 April 2021 . Retrieved 4 November 2021 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )
^ "Slovakia's Caputova is Czech Republic's most trusted politician" . Kafkadesk . 30 December 2019 . Retrieved 4 November 2021 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: url-status ( link )
^ Jump up to: a b "Volebný program" . zuzanacaputova.sk . Retrieved 25 March 2019 .
^ "Slovakian president-elect is a green campaigner who will fight coal subsidies" . Climate Home News . 1 April 2019 . Retrieved 4 November 2019 .
^ "Slovakian president-elect to fight coal subsidies" . The Ecologist . Retrieved 4 November 2019 .
^ "Germany and Slovakia head list of new members at UN Climate Action Summit | Powering Past Coal Alliance" . Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA) . Retrieved 4 November 2019 .
^ a.s, Petit Press. "Čaputová sa nevzdá v prospech Mistríka len preto, ak by mal vyššie preferencie" . domov.sme.sk (in Slovak) . Retrieved 17 March 2019 .
^ a.s., Denník N (17 February 2019). "Zuzana Čaputová – pre kresťana neprípustný kandidát? Analýza" . dennikn.sk . Retrieved 25 March 2019 .
^ "Zuzana Čaputová" . Goldman Environmental Foundation . Retrieved 16 March 2019 .
^ " "Nobelovku" za životné prostredie dostala Slovenka. Za skládku v Pezinku" . Aktuality.sk . Retrieved 26 February 2019 .
^ "Slovak president awarded European Prize for Political Culture" . Emerging Europe. 12 August 2019 . Retrieved 12 August 2019 .
^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women" . Forbes . Retrieved 24 December 2020 .
^ Servare et Manere. "Plaque" . Tree of peace/Strom pokoja . Retrieved 12 December 2019 .
Current heads of state of republics
Zuzana Čaputová at Wikipedia's sister projects :
Zuzana Čaputová , MPTP ( Slovak pronunciation: [ˈzuzana ˈtʂaputɔʋaː] ; née Strapáková ; born 21 June 1973) is a Slovak politician, lawyer and environmental activist. She is the fifth president of Slovakia , a position she has held since 15 June 2019. Čaputová is the first woman to hold the presidency, as well as the youngest president in the history of Slovakia, elected at the age of 45. [2]
She first became known by prevailing in a decade-long struggle against the situating of a toxic landfill in her hometown of Pezinok . For this, Čaputová was awarded the 2016 Goldman Environmental Prize .
Čaputová won the 2019 presidential election with 58% of the vote in the run-off.
Zuzana Strapáková was born into a working-class family [3] in Bratislava . [4] She grew up in the nearby town of Pezinok , [4] in what was Czechoslovakia for the first two decades of her life. She has described her upbringing as having occurred within "an open-minded house". [3]
She studied at the Comenius University Faculty of Law in Bratislava, [4] graduating in 1996. [5] Between 1998 and 1999 she completed the training cycle "General Management – Management of Change" and in 1999 the ARK – Mediation course, accredited by the Ministry of Education of Slovakia. [6]
After concluding her education, Čaputová worked in the local government of Pezinok , first as an assistant in the legal department, and later as a deputy to the town mayor. [7]
She later moved into the non-profit sector at the Open Society Foundations , where she handled public administration and the issue of abused and exploited children. Subsequently, she worked as a project manager at the civic association EQ Klub on local community development. [8]
Between 2001 and 2017, Čaputová worked with Via Iuris , a civic organization, as a lawyer (since 2010), [7] and with Greenpeace on campaign planning. [9] In Pezinok, for more than ten years, she was at the forefront of a public campaign against the authorization of another landfill that would aggravate pollution of the soil, air, and water in the city and its surrounding areas. The fight against the landfill culminated in 2013, when the Supreme Court of Slovakia ruled that the new landfill was illegal and violated environmental norms. [10]
Čaputová has run her own law firm and authored and co-authored several publications. She is a fellow of the Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide (ELAW), a network of environmental lawyers and jurists. [11]
In December 2017, Čaputová announced her entry into the emerging political party Progressive Slovakia , and in January 2018, she was elected as a Vice-Chairwoman at the party's first congress, aiding Ivan Štefunko [ sk ] 's efforts to assure the representation of a credible socially-liberal alternative to the conservative status quo in Slovakia. [ citation needed ]
As a co-founding member [12] of Progressive Slovakia , a non-parliamentary socially liberal and progressive party, she served as its Deputy Chair until March 2019, when she resigned due to her presidential candidacy. [13] Čaputová was the party's candidate in the 2019 Slovak presidential election [14] and proceeded to be elected president in the second round, after receiving over 58% of the vote and beating her opponent Vice President of the European Commission Maroš Šefčovič , an independent who was supported by the long-dominant Smer–SD party. [15]
In a press conference held on 29 March 2018, Čaputová announced her bid for the Slovak presidency in the 2019 presidential race as the candidate of Progressive Slovakia. Robert Mistrík , another strong contender, withdrew from the race and endorsed her on 26 February 2019. [16] She said she had felt compelled to run for the Presidency after the murder of the investigative journalist Ján Kuciak . [17] [18] [19]
Čaputová won the first round of the election on 16 March 2019, with 40.57% of the vote. She then defeated her second-place opponent, Maroš Šefčovič , by around 58% to 42% in the second run-off round on 30 March 2019. [20] The second-round turnout of just 41.79% was the lowest for any round of voting in that type of election in Slovakia. The number of votes with which Čaputová was elected to office was also the lowest for any directly elected Slovak president to date. [21] Her presidential inauguration took place on 15 June 2019 during a special session of the National Council in Bratislava . [22]
She was rated as the most trusted politician in the country in both 2020 [23] and 2021, [24] with 83% and 58% of citizens polled saying they saw her as trustworthy, respectively. A December 2019 poll in the neighboring Czech Republic showed that she had a higher approval rating there (54% approval, 18% disapproval) than incumbent President Miloš Zeman (46% approval, 50% disapproval). [25]
On her campaign website, Čaputová says that "justice in Slovakia does not always apply equally to everyone". In keeping with her statements during the campaign, she plans to introduce changes to Slovakia's police and judicial system. She campaigned for the police force to be an independent institution without political influence, headed by an impartial professional with proven service. She further claims that it is necessary to transform the prosecutor's office into a publicly managed institution. [26]
Čaputová is an environmental campaigner who has been compared to American activist Erin Brockovich . [27] [28] Climate change mitigation is one of her highest priorities, and for that reason she is ending subsidies for coal and other fossil fuels. Čaputová has promised to phase out coal mining and power generation by 2023, and brought her nation into the Powering Past Coal Alliance . [29]
Čaputová hold
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