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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
16th-century Korean naval commander
This article is about the Korean admiral born in 1545. For other uses, see Yi Sun-sin (disambiguation) .
In this Korean name , the family name is Yi .
This article reads more like a story than an encyclopedia entry . To meet Wikipedia's quality standards and conform to the neutral point of view policy, please help to introduce a more formal style and remove any personally invested tone. ( February 2022 )
Text reads "Chungmugong Yi Sun-sin Jinsang" (忠武公李舜臣陳像).

^ Jump up to: a b c "The Jeolla Navy camp had two headquarters: Jeolla Left Navy and Jeolla Right Navy." [15]



^ "Admiral Yi Sunsin: A brief overview of his life and achievements". Korean Spirit and Culture , Series I, Diamond Sutra Recitation Group.

^ "StartLogic" . www.koreanhero.net . Archived from the original on June 20, 2006 . Retrieved July 8, 2006 .

^ Yi Sunsin, Nanjung ilgi , p. 314

^ See the Military evaluation section.

^ Jump up to: a b Hawley, Samuel (2005). The Imjin War, Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China . Seoul: The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch . p. 490. ISBN 978-89-954424-2-5 .

^ 을파소. 이순신과 원균 바로보기(2)-이백록은 기묘사화의 피해자인가? . history21.egloos.com (in Korean).

^ Jump up to: a b c Turnbull, Stephen. 2002, p. 90-1.

^ Strauss, Barry. pp. 11

^ Jump up to: a b c d Turnbull, Stephen. 2002, p. 90-2.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Strauss, Barry. pp. 12

^ Turnbull, Stephen. 2002, p. 93.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Turnbull, Stephen. 2002, p. 98–107.

^ Jump up to: a b Strauss, Barry. pp. 13

^ Jump up to: a b Strauss, Barry. pp. 14

^ "Items From The Sea Recall An Epic Battle" . Archaeology News Network. December 11, 2012 . Retrieved March 14, 2019 . The Jeolla Navy camp had two headquarters: Jeolla Left Navy and Jeolla Right Navy.

^ Hawley, Samuel: The Imjin War. Japan's Sixteenth-Century Invasion of Korea and Attempt to Conquer China , The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, Seoul 2005, ISBN 89-954424-2-5 , p.195f.

^ War Diary (亂中日記), the autobiographical diary of Admiral Yi Sun-Sin

^ Yi Sun-sin, Nanjung ilgi , p. 315

^ Hawley (2005), p. 552

^ Jump up to: a b Hawley (2005), p. 553

^ Choi (2002), p. 213

^ Jump up to: a b c d Ha (1979), p. 237

^ Hawley (2005), pp. 549–550

^ Jump up to: a b Choi (2002), p. 222

^ Hawley (2005), p. 555

^ Hawley (2005), p. 557

^ The Influence of the Sea on The Political History of Japan (1921), Admiral George Alexander Ballard, ISBN 0-8371-5435-9

^ Cummins, Joseph (2008). The War Chronicles: From Chariots to Flintlocks . Fair Winds. p. 275. ISBN 978-1616734039 .

^ "Yi Sun-sin" . yisunsinkr.prkorea.com .

^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on October 9, 2007 . Retrieved February 22, 2010 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link )

^ http://yisunsin.gaonsoft.com/01/02.asp [ permanent dead link ]

^ "사이버 외교사절단 반크 – 한국을 세계에 알리며 지구촌을 변화시켜나갑니다!" . www.prkorea.com .

^ "Hero Intro" . Mobile Legends Bang Bang . Shanghai Moonton Technology Co., Ltd. (Moonton) . Retrieved May 22, 2018 .

^ http://www.seoprise.com/board/view_nw.php?uid=6970&table=global_2


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yi Sun-sin .
Admiral Yi Sun-sin (April 28, 1545 – December 16, 1598) was a Korean admiral and military general famed for his victories against the Japanese navy during the Imjin war in the Joseon Dynasty . Over the course of his career, Admiral Yi fought in at least 23 recorded naval engagements, all against the Japanese. In most of these battles, he was outnumbered and lacked necessary supplies. [1] [2] He nonetheless won battle after battle. His most famous victory occurred at the Battle of Myeongnyang , where despite being outnumbered 333 (133 warships, at least 200 logistical support ships) to 13, he managed to disable or destroy 31 Japanese warships without losing a single ship of his own. [3] Yi eventually died from a gunshot wound at the Battle of Noryang on 16 December 1598, the closing battle of the Imjin War.

Yi is regarded as one of the greatest naval commanders in history, with commentators praising his strategic vision, intelligence, innovations, and personality. [4] Yi is celebrated as a national hero in Korea, [5] with multiple landmarks, awards and towns named after him, as well as numerous films and documentaries centered on his exploits.

Yi was born in Geoncheon-dong Street (건천동; 乾川洞), Hanseong (then capital, present-day Inhyeon-dong, Jung-gu District, Seoul ) but spent his adolescence and early adulthood period before passing the military examination in Asan where his mother's relatives lived and where now a shrine to him stands.

His family was part of the Korean Deoksu Yi clan. His grandfather Yi Baek-rok (이백록; 李百祿) retired from politics when neo-Confucian reformer Jo Gwang-jo was executed in the Third Literati Purge of 1519 and moved to a village near where Jo was buried. Yi Sun-sin's father Yi Jeong (이정, 李貞) was likewise disillusioned with politics and did not enter government service as expected of a yangban (noble) family. However, popular belief that Yi Sun-sin had difficult childhood because of his family's connection with Jo (as depicted in KBS TV series Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-sin ) is not true. [6]

One of the most important events of his early life was when Yi met and became friends with Ryu Seong-ryong (류성룡; 柳成龍; 1542–1607), a prominent scholar who held the key official position of Dochaechalsa (도체찰사; 都體察使), and was in command of the military during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) .

As a young boy, Yi played war games with other local boys, showing excellent leadership talent at an early age and constructed his own bow and fletched his own arrows as a teenager.

In 1576, Yi passed the military examination (무과; 武科). Yi is said to have impressed the judges with his archery, but failed to pass the test when he broke a leg during the cavalry examination. After he re-entered and passed the examination, Yi was posted to the Bukbyeong (Northern Frontier Army) military district in Hamgyeong province. However, he was the oldest junior officer at the age of thirty-two. There, Yi experienced battles defending the border settlements against the Jurchen marauders and quickly became known for his strategic skills and leadership.

In 1583, he lured the Jurchen into battle, defeated the marauders, and captured their chief, Mu Pai Nai . According to a contemporary tradition, Yi then spent three years out of the army upon hearing of his father's death. After his return to the front line, Yi led a string of successful campaigns against the Jurchen.

However, his brilliance and accomplishments so soon in his career made his superiors jealous, and they falsely accused him of desertion during battle. The conspiracy was led by General Yi Il (이일; 李鎰; 1538–1601), who would later fail to repel the Japanese invasion at the Battle of Sangju . This tendency to sabotage and frame professional adversaries was very common in the later years of the Joseon military and government. Yi was stripped of his rank, imprisoned, and tortured. After his release, Yi was allowed to fight as an enlisted soldier. After a short period of time, however, he was appointed as the commander of the Seoul Hunryeonwon (a military training center) and was later transferred to a small county, to be its military magistrate .

Yi's efforts in northern Korea were rewarded when Yi was assigned as Commander of the Jeolla Province (전라 좌도; 全羅左道) Left Naval District. [note 1] Within the span of a few months in late 1590, he received four military appointments, in rapid succession, with each subsequent post carrying greater responsibility than the last: Commander of the Kosarijin Garrison in Pyeongan province, Commander of the Manpo Garrison, also in Pyeongan province, and the Commander of the Wando Garrison, in Jeolla province, before finally receiving the appointment as Commander of the Left Jeolla Naval District. [note 1]

The royal court was in a state of confusion over the possibility of a war with Japan, now unified under the rule of Toyotomi Hideyoshi , and the unstable situation in Manchuria where a young Jurchen chieftain named Nurhaci was gathering strength. Nurhaci 's descendants would become masters of China as founders of the Qing Dynasty in a few decades' time, after invading Korea in 1627 and 1637 .

Yi assumed his new post at Yeosu on the 13th day of the 2nd lunar month of 1591 (March 13, 1591). From there, he was able to undertake a buildup of the regional navy, which was later used to confront the Japanese invasion force. He subsequently began to strengthen the province's navy with a series of reforms, including the construction of the turtle ship .

Yi is remembered for his numerous victories fighting the Japanese during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) . Among his twenty-three victories, the Battle of Myeongnyang and the Battle of Hansan Island are the most famous battles.

In 1592, Toyotomi Hideyoshi gave the order to invade Korea and use it as a forward base to conquer Ming China. After the Japanese attacked Busan , Yi began his naval operations from his headquarters at Yeosu . Despite never having commanded a naval battle in his life, he won the Battle of Okpo , Battle of Sacheon , and several others in quick succession. His string of victories made the Japanese generals suddenly wary of the threat at sea.

Hideyoshi was fully aware of the need to control the seas during the invasion. Having failed to hire two Portuguese galleons to help him, he increased the size of his own fleet to 1700 vessels, assuming that he could overwhelm the Joseon navy with numerical superiority.

There were numerous reasons why Yi was so successful against the Japanese fleets. Yi had prepared for the war by checking the status of his soldiers, granaries, and supplies, replacing them when it was necessary. As part of this preparation, Yi resurrected and built the turtle ship , which was a considerable factor in his victories. Yi also had a great deal of information about the southern Korean coast and he planned his battles using the sea tides and narrow straits to his advantage.

Yi was a charismatic leader, and was able to maintain his soldiers' morale despite constantly being low on supplies and food, and continuous news of countless Korean losses in ground battles. In some records, it is stated that he went as far as to personally fulfill some of his soldiers' dying wishes. He demonstrated his loyalty to the people by treating them with respect and fighting amongst them even when endangered.

The Joseon panokseon were structurally stronger than Japanese ships at the time. Panokseon had stronger hulls and could carry at least 20 cannons, compared to the Japanese 4. Japanese ship-mounted cannons were inferior to the Koreans' in both range and power. Admiral Yi was an excellent naval strategist. The Japanese navy's strongest tactic was to board enemy ships and engage in hand-to-hand combat.

A Japanese invasion force landed at Busan and Dadaejin, port cities on the southern tip of Joseon. The Japanese, without meeting any naval resistance, quickly captured these ports and began a lightning march north. They reached Seoul in just nineteen days, on May 2, 1592, due to the military inefficiency of the Joseon army, especially at the Battle of Sangju and the failure to defend Joryeong Pass.

After capturing Hanseong and Pyongyang , the Japanese planned to cross the Yalu River into Chinese territory, and use the waters west of the Korean peninsula to supply the invasion. However, Yi Sun-sin was able to stay informed on all his enemy's activities.

Yi had never officially studied naval warfare in his limited time in the military academy, and neither he, nor his subordinates had experienced naval combat before the Japanese invasion.

On the June 13, 1592, Admiral Yi and Admiral Yi Eok-gi (이억기; 李億祺; 1561–1597), the commander of the Right Jeolla navy, set sail with 24 Panokseons , 15 small warships, and 46 boats (i.e. fishing boats), and arrived at the waters of the Gyeongsang Province by sunset. [7] Next day, the Jeolla fleet sailed to the arranged location where Admiral Won Gyun (원균; 元均; 1540–1597) was supposed to meet them, and met the admiral on June 15. The augmented flotilla of 91 ships [8] then began circumnavigating the Geoje Island , bound for the Gadeok Island, but scouting vessels detected 50 Japanese vessels at the Okpo harbor. [7] Upon sighting the approaching Korean fleet, some of the Japanese who had been busying themselves with plundering got back to their ships, and began to flee. [7] At this, the Korean fleet encircled the Japanese ships and finished them with artillery bombardments. [9] The Koreans spotted five more Japanese vessels that night, and managed to destroy four. [9] The next day, the Koreans approached 13 Japanese ships at Jeokjinpo as reported by the intelligence. [9] In the same manner as the previous success at Okpo, the Korean fleet destroyed 11 Japanese ships – completing the Battle of Okpo without a loss of a single ship. [9]

About three weeks after the Battle of Okpo, [10] Admirals Yi and Won sailed with a total of 26 ships (23 under Admiral Yi) toward the Bay of Sacheon upon receiving an intelligence report of a Japanese presence. [11] Admiral Yi had left behind his fishing vessels that used to make up most of his fleet in favor of his newly completed turtle ship . [10] Admiral Yi ordered the fleet to feign withdrawal, which caused the Japanese to eagerly pursue the Korean fleet with their 12 vessels. [10] With the Japanese ships drawn out of the safety of the harbor, the Korean navy countered, and with the turtle ship leading the charge, they successfully destroyed all 12 ships. [10] Admiral Yi was shot by a bullet in his left shoulder, but survived. [10]

On July 10, 1592, the Korean fleet destroyed 21 Japanese ships at the Battle of Dangpo . On July 13, they destroyed 26 Japanese warship at the Battle of Danghangpo .

In response to the Korean navy's success, Toyotomi Hideyoshi recalled three admirals from land-based activities: Wakizaka Yasuharu , Kato Yoshiaki , and Kuki Yoshitaka . They were the only ones with naval responsibilities in the entirety of the Japanese invasion forces. [12] However, the admirals arrived in Busan nine days before Hideyoshi's order was actually issued, and assembled a squadron to counter the Korean navy. [12] Eventually Admiral Wakizaka completed his preparations, and his eagerness to win military honor pushed him to launch an attack against the Koreans without waiting for the other admirals to finish. [12]

The combined Korean navy of 70 ships [13] under the commands of Admirals Yi Sun-sin and Yi Eok-gi was carrying out a search-and-destroy operation because the Japanese troops on land were advancing into the Jeolla Province . [12] The Jeolla Province was the only Korean territory to be untouched by a major military action, and served as home for the three admirals and the only active Korean naval force. [12] The admirals considered it best to destroy naval support for the Japanese to reduce the effectiveness of the enemy ground troops. [12]

On August 13, 1592, the Korean fleet sailing from the Miruk Island at Dangpo received local intelligence that a large Japanese fleet was nearby. [12] The following morning, the Korean fleet spotted the Japanese fleet of 82 vessels anchored in the straits of Gyeonnaeryang . [12] Because of the narrowness of the strait and the hazard posed by the underwater rocks, Admiral Yi sent six ships to lure out 63 Japanese vessels into the wider sea, [13] and the Japanese fleet followed. [12] There the Japanese fleet was surrounded by the Korean fleet in a semicircular formation called "crane wing" (학익진) by Admiral Yi. [12] With at least three turtle ships (two of which were newly completed) spearheading the clash against the Japanese fleet, the Korean vessels fired volleys of cannonballs into the Japanese formation. [12] Then the Korean ships engaged in a free-for-all battle with the Japanese ships, maintaining enough distance to prevent the Japanese from boarding; Admiral Yi permitted melee combats only against severely damaged Japanese ships. [12]

The battle ended in a Korean victory, with Japanese losses of 59 ships – 47 destroyed and 12 captured in the Battle of Hansan Island . [14] Several Korean prisoners of war were rescued by the Korean soldiers throughout the fight. Admiral Wakisaka escaped due to the speed of his flagship. [14] When the news of the defeat at the Battle of Hansando reached Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he ordered that the Japanese invasion forces cease all naval operations. [12]

On August 16, 1592, Yi Sun-sin led their fleet to the harbor of Angolpo where 42 Japanese vessels were docked.

In September 1592, Yi left his base at Hansan Island and attacked the Japanese in Busan harbor . Yi withdrew his forces from Busan harbor after the battle due to the absence of a landing force.

Yi was victorious in every single operation (at least 15 battles) of the four campaigns of 1592. His campaigns resulted in hundreds of sunken Japanese warships, transports, supply ships and thousands of Japanese naval casualties.

In 1593, Admiral Yi was appointed to command the combined navies of the three southern provinces with the title Naval Commander of the Three Provinces (삼도수군통제사; 三道水軍統制使) which gave him command over the Right and Left Navies of Jeolla province, [note 1] the Right and Left Navies of Gyeongsang province, and the Navy of Chungcheong province.

One of Yi's greatest accomplishments was resurrecting and improving the turtle ship ( Korean : 거북선 ; Chinese : 龜船 ). With his creative mind and the support of his subordinates, Yi was able to devise the geobukseon , or Turtle Ship. Contrary to popular belief, the turtle ship was not actually invented by Admiral Yi; rather, he improved upon an older design that had been suggested during the reign of King Taejong .

The turtle ships designed by Yi held eleven cannons on each side of the ship, with two each at the stern and the bow. The ship's figurehead was in the shape of a dragon. The figurehead itself held up to four cannons, and emitted a smokescreen that, in combination with its fierce appearance, was meant to be used as psychological warfare . The sides of the turtle ship were dotted with smaller holes from which arrows, guns, and mortars could be fired. The roof was covered with planks and spikes. [16] The purpose of the spikes was to prevent the ship from being boarded by the enemy. The larger Japanese ships' sides were higher than the turtle ships' and thus, the spikes prevented boarders from jumping down onto the roof without risking impalement. There were two masts that held two large sails. The
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