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Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Thus, according to the EMH, price changes simply reflect exogenous news. Such news - of all possible types geopolitical, environmental, social, financial, economic, etc. As a consequence, observed prices are considered the best embodiments of the present value of future cash flows. In this view, market movements are purely exogenous without any internal feedback loops. In particular, the most extreme losses occurring during crashes are considered to be solely triggered exogenously. The problem with this paradigm is that, in practice, relating actual price movements to particular news has been strikingly elusive. This suggests that there is more to price dynamics than just the exogenous flow of information. The unresolved issue until now is then to disentangle exogenous and endogenous factors and understand which news are really important and how they are incorporated in prices. The present article represents an attempt to break the above stalemate by i using a huge database of business news gathered for institutional investors and ii introducing a new methodology to extract relevant news that influence trading activity. This new methodology allows us to remove in large part the endogenous components of price dynamics and to identify a hierarchy of important news. One class of previous studies analyzed the information provided by news only in an aggregated manner without taking into account the specific information content. However, as casual observation indicates, each news record has different meaning to investors and thus different impact on prices, so that just counting the total number of news records for a particular period would not work well. Other previous studies only considered a small restricted set of news, such as earnings reports and the release of new economic data, and thus suffered from the serious limitation of neglecting the possible significant impact of other types of news arriving at the time. We address all these problems by performing a simultaneous disaggregated estimation of the relevant news types with respect to financial trading activity. To determine what pieces of information are the most relevant to explain trading activity of each stock, we use a combination of regularized regressions and topic modeling techniques. This allows us to compare quantitatively the relative importance of the different news. This correspondence is illustrated in Fig. Using just the number of news records instead of the total number of words in these records yields essentially the same results. Black continuous line plots trading volume and red dashed line plots aggregate news volume. The number in parentheses indexes the step. Step 1 selects the news records associated with a given term, here the name of a company, such as Toyota. The percentage shown in step 3-b denotes the estimated impact of each topic. Word frequencies within a given document are created from a mixture of these global topic distributions. LDA is the simplest topic model and uses the Dirichlet prior in order to ensure sparsity in the underlying multinomial distribution. This makes learned topics easier to interpret. Since LDA has already yielded excellent results, we did not find it useful to employ more elaborate topic models. We removed common stop words from the original news records and ran LDA by setting the number of topics to for all stocks analyzed in this article. Varying the number of topics according to the number of news records for each stock did not change the result significantly. A full description is provided in the supporting information as long as their time series plot i. Put differently, even though words in a given document can be generated by a mixture of topics, each word is assumed to be drawn from exactly one topic. One way to deal with this problem is to eliminate these repeated phrases where they appear in the original corpus. Positive culture for extended-spectrum betalactamase during acute prostatitis after prostate biopsy is a risk factor for progression to chronic prostatitis. What they do is gather all poems articles they can from all the open-access repositories on the internet. These are papers that have been provided by the authors or publishers for free, and thus Unpaywall is completely legal. Works with Chrome or Firefox. Read completely About the blog