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Created three since
superfluous century back tragedies, historical chronicles and the Shakespeare's
comedies live till now, excite and shake imagination of the spectators. The
best theatres of the world and the outstanding actors until now consider for
themselves as examination and happiness to put and to play his performance.
Having seen such performance or simply having read the
play of Shakespeare, you want, probably, to learn more about that, who has
created these products. But it not so is simple.
About life of the great playwright few items of
information were kept. Shakespeare did not write memoirs and did not conduct a
diary. There is no at us his correspondence with the contemporaries. The
manuscripts of the plays of Shakespeare were not kept also. We were reached
some by the documents, in which the different circumstances of his life are
mentioned. Each of these documents, even if in it some words about Shakespeare,
are investigated and is interpreted. As rare historical values those are
considered few клочки of a paper, on which the dramatist’s hand
writes some lines or simply there is his signature.
It was necessary to put a lot of work, which we could read
now about Shakespeare that each educated man should know about it.
William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in small
English town Stratford, located on to the river Avon. His father was the
handicraftsman and merchant. The story about childhood and Shakespeare’s youth
is complete of colorful details. However science cannot recognize as their
quite authentic. When Shakespeare there was by little more than 20 years, he
had suddenly to leave in Stratford. Young Shakespeare has set off to
London.
Having appeared in unfamiliar city without means, without
of the friends and familiar, he, as assert widespread of the legend,
earned the first time for life by that watched at theatre of the horses, on
which came famous sirs. Later Shakespeare began to serve at theatre. He
watched, that the actors in time should leave on a stage, copied roles,
happened, and replaced the prompter. By a word, long before, how the great
playwright has deduced on a stage of the heroes, he has learned hard life of
theatre.
Some years have passed. Shakespeare has begun to charge
small roles at the theatre later, which have received the name
"Globe", which performances were a success in London. The
actor Shakespeare and did not become, but his statements about actor's art, and
main, magnificent skill in construction of the play, testify to amazing
knowledge of the laws of a stage.
However, Shakespeare wrote not only play. His poems
impressed of the contemporaries also continue impress descendants by force of
feelings, by depth think, grace of the form. The readers can especially well
estimate Shakespeare’s sonnets, due to excellent translations.
But the main business for Shakespeare, passion by all him
of life was work of the playwright, creation of the plays.
Shakespeare’s hugely skill as playwright. Language of his tragedies differs by
unusual riches and beauty. Him the dramatic art borrows an honorable place in
repertoire theatres of all worlds.
Exulting pleasure of life, glorification sensible, strong,
brave, brightly feeling, safely thinking of the man - basic in the first
Shakespeare’s plays - comedies: " Taming obstinate ", " a
Comedy of mistakes ", " Dream in summer night ", "There is a lot of noise from
anything "," Twelfth night ", written in 1593-1600. In
them the idea is expressed important for epoch of Revival: the man needs to be
judged not on a dress, not on knowledge, not on estate and riches, and on his
behavior and personal qualities.
It is difficult to find in global dramatic art the play
same fantastically - cheerful, clear, magic, as " Dream in summer
night ". Their participation in to destiny fond results in a happy
outcome.
But noble humanistic the ideas of Revival could not win in
that severe epoch. In his following plays ideas of Revival too are expressed,
but the paints of the plays become gloomier. He represents collision of perfect
ideals a Cart of birth with severe activity. In Shakespeare’s creativity begins
to sound a theme of destruction of the heroes especially expensive to him,
incarnated light humanistic of idea.
Young Romeo and Juliet- the heroes of the first great
tragedy Shakespeare (1594)- ardently love each other. The love them encounters
an insuperable barrier- ancient enmity of families. In an unequal duel with
century by prejudices, with the bloody and senseless laws, Romeo and Juliet
perish. But in their love, which has been not measured with biases of olden
time, the high moral victory is made.
Shakespeare’s plays went on a stage of the London theatre
"Globe". The theatre "Globe" was similar on round
detachment visited in by 1599 the first Shakespeare’s representation "
Julius Caesar ", has named theatre "Globe" as the house under
open by the sky. The visitant the foreigner who has with a straw roof- he meant
a roof above a stage. The name the theatre has received from a statue of
Oat-flakes
After statement " Julius Caesar " with 1601 on 1608.
Shakespeare has created the greatest tragedies supporting by shoulders
terrestrial a sphere: "Hamlet", " The King Liar
", "Macbet", and «Othello".
Danish prince Hamlet bitterly grieves over the died
father. But suddenly he with horror finds out: he has not died, he was kill.
The murderer- the native brother killed, Hamlet’s uncle- not only has inherited
throne of the deceased of the king, but also married his widow- Hamlet’s
mother. In tragedy is represented, as Hamlet in the beginning convicts
hypocrisy of a criminal, and then and revenges him for death of the father. But
it only coronationed external events of the play.
The tragedy draws complex and difficult meditations the
boon of the native man about a nature of evil, about vicious royal a courtyard,
about lie, concealed in palace walls, about illnesses, with which the century,
as if " dislocated in joints " is struck. Great Russian critic
V.G.Belinsky wrote about Hamlet: " It is soul, birthed for goods
and in first of time seen evil in all of his foulness ".
Hamlet’s loneliness is a loneliness of the man, which has
outstripped the time, is with him in tragically dissonance and consequently
perishes.
Last years of creativity Shakespeare (1608-1612) of his
play get other character. They leave from of real life. In them sound
fantastic, fantastic motives. But also in these plays- " The Winter fairy
tale ", "Storm”- Shakespeare condemns despotism and, self-will rises
on protection of ideals, expensive to him, glorifies force by love, belief and
best promptings of the man, asserts natural equality of all people. Exclamation
of the hero by one of these plays: " As the mankind is perfect! " -
can serves a sign of epoch of the Revival which has presented Shakespeare’s
world.
Shakespeare - author 37 plays, 2 poems, and also 154 sonnets,
distinguished by hot feeling sated by idea. Shakespeare’s creativity is one of tops of art culture of
epoch of Revival.
Shakespeare has died in 1616, per day, when to him 52
years were executed. He was buried in Stratford’s church native, where till now
come fans him of talent from all ends of the world to bow to a tomb of the
great playwright, to visit the house, where he lived, to look his plays in
Stratford's memorial theatre, where put only Shakespeare’s plays.
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