Young Teens 12 Yo

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Suitable for 12-18 years
Sleep and teenagers: 12-18 years
Lack of sleep can make it harder for your child to behave well, regulate emotions, pay attention and do well at school, and get along with others. Being tired all the time can even contribute to mental health issues like anxiety and depression.
Most teenagers need 8-10 hours of sleep each night. Some need as little as 7 hours or as much as 11 hours.
It’s very common for children in the early teen years to start wanting to go to bed later at night and get up later in the morning. This is because they start to secrete melatonin later at night than they did in earlier childhood, which affects their circadian rhythms. Also, as their brains mature during puberty, children can stay awake for longer.
Good daytime habits can help teenagers get the sleep they need, especially as they get towards the later teen years. These habits can also help children avoid or sort out any sleep problems that come up.
Waking, sleeping and napping routines
Encourage your child to:
You can be a healthy sleep role model for your child – for example, by winding down before bed, reducing screen-time before bed, relaxing and managing stress, and reducing your use of stimulants like caffeine before bedtime.
A change in your child’s sleep behaviour – like going to bed later than you’d like – isn’t necessarily a sleep problem.
Signs that your teenage child has sleep problems might include difficulties with:
If your child has sleep problems, they might also feel tired during the day, or have trouble remembering things or concentrating.
Your child might be able to solve some sleep problems by getting into the good sleep habits described above. But if persistent problems with sleep are affecting your child’s wellbeing, schoolwork, relationships or mental health, it might be time to see a GP, school counsellor or psychologist.
If children have sleep problems, they need to be involved in solving their own sleep issues.
You can get your child’s input by asking about what makes it harder for them to get to sleep, or what keeps them awake. Then your child might be able to choose a daytime or evening habit that they think will help. For example, if they don’t feel tired, they might focus on doing more physical activity each afternoon.
It’s a good idea to praise your child when you notice they're trying to make changes to sleep patterns or trying out strategies you’ve discussed.
Lots of after-school activities like sport, music or part-time work can cut into your child’s sleep time or make it harder to unwind before bed. If this is the case with your child, you might need to talk about it. For example, your child might be able to reschedule some activities so they don’t interfere with sleep.
Young people should avoid alcohol and illegal drug use completely. These substances have a bad impact on sleep, mental health and wellbeing. They can also harm young people’s developing brains.
This article was developed in collaboration with the Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne. The Centre for Adolescent Health acknowledges Professor Dorothy Bruck for her contribution to this article.
Bruck, D. (2006). Teenage sleep: Understanding and helping the sleep of 12-20 year olds. Melbourne: Wellness Promotion Unit, Victoria University. Retrieved 5 September 2019 from http://eprints.vu.edu.au/467/1/teenagesleep.pdf.
Dahl, R., & Lewin, D. (2002). Pathways to adolescent health: Sleep regulation and behaviour. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 175-184. doi: 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00506-2.
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S.M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L. et al. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: Methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1(1), 40-43. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010.
Jenni, O., Achermann, P., & Carskadon, M.A. (2005). Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep, 28, 1446-1454.
Laberge, L., Petit, D., Simard, C., Vitaro, F., Tremblay, R.E., & Montplaisir, J. (2001). Development of sleep patterns in early adolescence. Journal of Sleep Research, 10, 59-67. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00242.x.
Logan, R.W., Hasler, B.P., Forbes, E.E., Franzen, P.L., Torregrossa, M.M., Huang, Y.H., Buysse, D.J., Clark, D.B., & McClung, C.A. (2018). Impact of sleep and circadian rhythms on addiction vulnerability in adolescents. Biological Psychiatry, 83(12), 987-996. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.035.
Mayo Clinic (2009). Teen sleep: Why is your teen so tired? Retrieved 5 September 2019 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teens-health/art-20046157.
Moore, M., & Meltzer, L. (2008). The sleepy adolescent: Causes and consequences of sleepiness in teens. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 9, 114-121. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2008.01.001.
Noland, H., Price, J.H., Dake, J., & Telljohann, S.K. (2009). Adolescents’ sleep behaviors and perceptions of sleep. Journal of School Health, 79, 224-230. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00402.x.
Owens, J.A., & Mindell, J.A. (2005). Take charge of your child’s sleep: The all-in-one resource for solving sleep problems in kids and teens. New York: Marlow.
Taylor, D.J., Jenni, O.G., Acebo, C., & Carskadon, M.A. (2005). Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: Insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. Journal of Sleep Research, 14, 239-244. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x.
Wolfson, A. (2010). Adolescents and emerging adults’ sleep patterns: New developments. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46, 97-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.11.210.
Sleep is important for health, wellbeing, growth and learning. How much babies, children and teenagers sleep and when they sleep changes as they get older.
Children’s sleep: 20 frequently asked questions
Bedtime routines can help kids settle at night. Behaviour strategies can help with some sleep problems. See a GP if you’re worried about children’s sleep. Article available in: Arabic, Dari, Karen, Persian, Simplified Chinese, Vietnamese.
In puberty, children get bigger and stronger. There are also changes in children’s sexual organs, brains, skin, hair, teeth, sweatiness and sleep patterns.
As children become teenagers, their brains grow and change. Build healthy teen brains with positive behaviour and thinking, sleep and other healthy choices.
Relaxation techniques: breathing exercises
Need to relax or calm down? Sometimes it’s as simple as working on your breathing. Read how to do breathing exercises as one of your relaxation techniques.
Managing screen time: strategies for teenagers
Healthy screen time habits for teens don’t always come easy. Strategies for managing screen time can help. You can try rules, routines, sessions and choices.
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A pediatric expert answers parents’ commonly asked questions about teenagers, kids 12-15, and the COVID-19 vaccine.
With children ages 12 -15 years and teens ages 16 years and older now eligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, parents may have questions about the vaccine and what to expect afterward. Here, Dr. Angela Dangvu, a pediatrician in the CHOC Primary Care Network, answers some common questions about the vaccine, teens and kids.
Dr. Angela Dangvu, a CHOC pediatrician
At this time, the Pfizer vaccine is the only vaccine authorized for use in teens ages 16 and older and children ages 12-15 to prevent COVID-19. It is administered in two doses three weeks apart, injected into the arm muscle.

The Pfizer vaccine, as well as the Moderna vaccine, which is authorized for people ages 18 years and older, is an mRNA vaccine. When the vaccine is injected, mRNA – a strip of genetic material – enters a body’s cell and prompts the cell to build copies of spike proteins. These spike proteins are the bumps that protrude from the surface of coronavirus particles. The body’s immune system then learns to spot these spike proteins and produces antibodies that block the virus from entering healthy cells in the future.

Studies show that vaccine recipients achieve immunity about two weeks after receiving the vaccine’s second dose. Scientists are still learning about how long that immunity will last.
To date, Pfizer and Moderna have enrolled children as young as 6 months in clinical trial studies. Janssen and Astra Zeneca also have plans to study their vaccines in younger age groups.
The Pfizer vaccine is absolutely safe for children ages 12-15 years and teens ages 16 years and older. In clinical trials, enough teens and children participated to show that the vaccine is safe for 12-year-olds and older. We have no reason to expect that children would tolerate the vaccine less favorably than adults would.
If you live in the United States, follow CDC guidance. The WHO’s recommendation is not about safety or health issues with the vaccine – it’s about access. The WHO makes recommendations for the world, where in many parts, the COVID-19 vaccine is scarce and supplies must be allocated carefully, giving priority to those at highest risk for serious illness from COVID-19. The CDC makes recommendations for the United States, which is incredibly fortunate to have a plentiful supply of vaccines, including the Pfizer vaccine, which so far is the only one authorized for use in children ages 12 years and older.
Even though it is rare for children to get seriously ill from COVID-19, children who are 12 years and older have needed hospital care for COVID-19. This is especially true for children and teenagers with underlying health conditions such as weakened immune systems, obesity or chronic lung conditions. Having the vaccine may also give parents, teens and kids alike peace of mind to return to more typical activities like in-person instruction and participating in sports, which is great for mental health.
There is no category of children or teenagers who shouldn’t get the vaccine, unless they have a known allergy to one of the vaccine’s components. Because it isn’t a live vaccine – a vaccine that uses a weakened form of a germ to prompt an immune response – people with weakened immune systems, either from illness or medication, may still receive the vaccine. There have been reports allergic reactions to the vaccine, but these occurrences are very rare. Vaccine recipients are monitored for 15 minutes after receiving the injection in case of any allergic reaction, and anyone with a history of severe allergic reactions to foods or medications (who carry an epinephrine auto-injector) are monitored for 30 minutes. Children and teens with other types of allergies beyond any vaccine component can feel safe receiving the vaccine.

Parents are always encouraged to speak with their teen’s or child’s pediatrician if they have any questions or concerns.
Definitely not. Because it is an mRNA vaccine (see explanation above), the vaccine does not get incorporated into or change the DNA of the body’s cells in any way. There is no reason to worry that the vaccine will affect fertility or future offspring. Read about this in more detail here.
No. The vaccine was developed quickly because scientists received additional money and resources and support from the government. This allowed scientists to follow all the typical processes but overlap some steps, which sped up the process. Also, it was easy to find volunteers to participate in clinical trials because many were excited by the possibility of receiving the vaccine. None of these factors compromised the quality of the trials, and the same processes for safety and effectiveness was followed. 
We are still learning about how effective the vaccine is against variants. While there may be some decrease in immune response, the vaccine is still largely protective. An important step in fighting variants is to ensure as many people as possible get the vaccine. The more people who get sick – even mildly – with COVID-19, the more opportunity is presented for the virus to continue to mutate.
Yes. We don’t know how long the immunity lasts from natural illness, and the vaccine is made to create a longer lasting immune response.
Your child or teen should wait until they are feeling better and no longer need to isolate based on guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control.
Your child or teen should wait 90 days to get the vaccine after receiving convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibody treatments. Your child’s pediatrician can help you determine when it’s appropriate to get the vaccine.
Your child should continue to take their normal medications as prescribed.
No. It is best to avoid preventatively administering these medications – either before the vaccination or right afterward if no side effects are present – because there is a chance they can decrease the immune response.
Yes. Anyone under 18 must have a parent or legal guardian present to receive the vaccine.
Bring photo ID, such as one from school or the government, and a document verifying your child’s date of birth, such as a birth certificate or a medical visit summary with their name and date of birth. There’s no need to bring your child’s vaccine records, as they will receive a card specific to the COVID-19 vaccine. It would be helpful if the teen or child wears a short-sleeved shirt, as the injection is administered into the arm.
After checking in and taking care of paper work, the teen or child will be asked some questions about their health. The shot will be administered into the arm. After receiving the shot, the teen or child will be monitored for 15 minutes to ensure no adverse reactions. They will also receive a card indicating when they received the vaccine and information about the vaccine.
Take a picture of it just in case and store in a safe place. There is no need to laminate it.
Yes. Clinical trials that led to the Pfizer vaccine’s licensing incorporated two doses. So, the determined efficacy is based on two doses and we don’t yet know how effective one dose alone is. The Johnson & Johnson/Janssen vaccination is administered in one dose, but at this time it is only approved for people ages 18 and older.
The most common side effects are fever and feeling achy or tired. Any side effects should be relatively short-lived and ease within 24 hours. Because teens and children have more robust immune systems, it’s possible that they may feel these side effects more strongly than adults would. This is a sign that their immune system is mounting a response against the virus.
It is fine to treat side effects once they surface with over-the-counter pain medicine. Either ibuprofen or acetaminophen is fine, so long as the child hasn’t had previous reactions to these medications.
If they have a fever, the teen or child should stay home. Beyond that, so long as they are feeling well, there is no need to limit activities.
Once two weeks have passed since their second dose, they have reached full immunity and there is no need to self-isolate after exposure to someone with COVID-19. Monitor them closely, however, to ensure they aren’t developing symptoms. If COVID-19 symptoms surface, begin self-isolation and contact your pediatrician.
No. It’s important that they continue to take precautions against COVID-19. Though they are highly effective, the vaccine is not 100 percent effective, and while among a group of people, it’s impossible to know who is and who isn’t vaccinated.
Teens, children and families alike can definitely have more peace of mind about the safety of resuming more typical activities, which will be wonderful for mental health. In group activities, kids ages 12-15 and teens 16 and older should still continue to wear masks. In one-on-one activities where a child or teen and their friend are fully vaccinated, they can feel comfortable removing their masks so long as no one in either household is high-risk and unvaccinated.
No. These children were already interacting with each other in the same household before one received the vaccine. The entire family can take comfort in knowing that one more person in household who has been vaccinated offers more protection for the whole family. 
As COVID-19 precautionary measures begin relaxing, an increase in colds and viruses are expected – especially for children. Learn what parents can do to help protect kids.
A CHOC pediatric infectious disease specialist helps settle the misconception that the COVID-19 vaccine affects fertility.
Dr. Dangvu offers tips to help protect tiny hands against dryness without compromising thorough hand washing that’s so critical during the pandemic.
Our pediatric healthcare system is dedicated to preserving the magic of childhood.
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Teens, kids 12-15 and the COVID-19 vaccine: What parents should know
by CHOC time to read: 8 min
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Young Teens 12 Yo