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Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Among Iranian Adolescents (Yazd: 2014)
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Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. Iran Prevalence Psychotropic Drugs Students. Drug consumption has always been proposed as the first preventable cause of various diseases and deaths worldwide 1. Unfortunately, in addition to the consumption of traditional and natural drugs, a greater and more ruinous disaster in communities, which are known as psychoactive drugs, has been observed 2. Drug abuse is a non-adaptive pattern of drugs consumption, which leads to frequent problems and adverse consequences, and includes a set of cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms 3. Severe psychological dependence occurs after psychoactive drugs consumption, which is proposed to be much more common than physical dependence 4. Consumption of these drugs will have many side effects, including reduction of appetite, changes in vision, vision hallucinations, increase in heart rate and blood pressure, body temperature increase, nightmares, sudden attacks of panic, insanity, and severe contraction of the jaw, learning disorder, lack of concentration, amnesia, convulsion, and even sudden death 5. Currently, a tenth of death cases around the world is caused by smoking and psychoactive drugs, which will be increased to one-sixth by 6. Despite harm reduction programs and advanced drug use treatment system in Iran, psychoactive drug use is increasing 7 , 8. In the recent years, the fever of drugs and psychoactive drugs consumption has grown among different social classes of the country; this issue as a cultural and social damage will threaten the physical and mental health of the society 7 , 9. According to the results of a national study, being of male gender, having an older age, having general risk taking behavior, higher smoking stage, self-injury, and higher socioeconomic class were factors associated with increase in the use of illegal drugs among students. The rapid spread of psychoactive drugs consumption among the student population will have detrimental consequences, such as physical and mental diseases, suicide, reckless driving, destruction of public property, aggressive behaviors, emotions, lack of identity and risky sexual behaviors, and shows the necessity of planning and formulation of preventive intervention strategies at universities However, more research on epidemiology and health-related implications are a prerequisite for any kind of planning, awareness of the existing conditions, and understanding the current situation of drug consumption among students 7. Due to the newness of the subject and legal restrictions on the consumption of psychoactive drugs, there is not enough evidence about the prevalence of consumption of these drugs among Iranian students; therefore, by relying on the highly sensitive role of students of medical sciences universities as caregivers of health of the society, it was decided to conduct the present study to determine the prevalence and causes of the tendency towards psychoactive drugs abuse in students of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, during year This cross sectional study descriptive-analytical was conducted in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, during year Yazd province is in the center of Iran and has an area of km 2 and a population of 1 census. Overall, subjects was calculated as the required sample size for this study. In order to increase the power of the study, people were considered. Inclusion criteria were being a student, who was studying at this university at the time of the research, while students transferred to other universities or students, who were guests from other universities were excluded. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, people were selected using systematic sampling, and self-made questionnaires were distributed between them. In the initial step, to collect the sample, a stratified sampling technique proportional to faculty and class size was used. To carry out the systematic sampling approach and select students from faculties and classes, the sampling fraction value k was calculated. Sampling fraction value k was calculated by dividing N total number of community members by n the number of estimated samples. In the next step, the next person was selected by sampling fraction value interval. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The mentioned questionnaire composed of two parts: the first part included demographic information of students age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, place of residence, domicile, field of study and its grade, academic semester, etc. It should be noted that in this study, at first, informed consent was obtained in order to participate in the study by describing and explaining the objectives of the study to the target population. After data collection, the data was coded and analyzed using the SPSS software version 16 and frequency tables, charts, and Chi-square, and also logistic regression test was used in order to estimate the odds ratio OR for demographic variables affecting the consumption of psychoactive drugs. During this study, Finally, 14 students stated that they were consuming psychoactive drugs. In other words, the percentage of psychoactive drugs consumption was obtained at 6. Also, students Demographic investigation showed that there was a significance difference between consumer students of psychoactive drugs and non-consumer students of psychoactive drugs in certain areas Table 1. The average age of students was The results showed that In this research, the type of consumed drug by students was also investigated, with the results presented in Figure 1. According to Figure 1 , it was found that from 14 consumer students of psychoactive drugs at the time of research, 10 students consumed opium, 5 students Hashish, 2 students methamphetamine, 3 students heroin, 1 student ecstasy pills, 1 student cocaine, 12 students alcoholic beverages, 6 students tramadol, and 7 students Ritalin. The results related to the causes of tendency of students towards psychoactive drugs consumption are shown in Table 2 ; according to these results, the main factor of tendency of students to psychoactive drugs consumption was failure to meet their emotional needs with a prevalence of However, the lowest frequency of tendency of students to psychoactive drugs consumption was related to family dispute factors in addition to the lack of educational accomplishment with a prevalence of 7. As results of multivariate analysis in Table 4 indicate, the odds ratio was obtained as 2. The results showed that the possibility of consuming psychoactive drugs among boys of universities was 2. The odds ratio was The results indicate that the factor of being a non-native student was a powerful risk factor for tendency of students towards psychoactive drugs consumption. In the findings of logistic regression test, the odds ratio was estimated as 2. These results prove the fact that drug consumption by parents is an important risk factor for psychoactive drugs consumption by their children. The odds ratio was 3. The obtained results indicate that the students, who are exposed to cigarette smoke during the day are 3. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and causes of tendency to psychoactive drugs abuse among the students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. The prevalence of psychoactive drugs consumption was 5. Of the total students of the sample group, In similar studies, the percentage of consumers in the group of male students was more than female students 11 , It could be stated that consumer students of the university were among groups vulnerable to addiction, and the tendency of students has had a significant relationship with their own or family history of tobacco consumption. From a total of people, 48 people were consumers of cigarette Given that the mentioned students live and study in a Muslim country, it is expected for alcoholic beverages consumption to be lower than other drugs, but unfortunately, in other researches, including the study of Sohrabi et al. One of the notable findings in this study was determining the tendency and motivation factor of consumption among students; so that, the results indicate that the main factor of tendency to psychoactive drugs was failure to meet emotional needs, and taking pleasure was the most important consumption motivation for students. The strategic report, which has been conducted by the Narcotics Committee, propounded the causes of irritants consumption because of creating, strengthening, and raising the following modes, high sexual pleasure, concentration and energy, good mood experience, thinness, beauty, joyance, excitement, curiosity, narcotic withdrawal, working, awakening, lack of morphine, temerity, and audacity A study that investigated the prevalence of drugs consumption and its associated factors among the students of Nazar Abad city, propounded entertainment and curiosity as the most common motivations of students for drugs consumption 17 , and another study considered the lack of appropriate recreational facilities as the cause of tendency The results of the current study also showed that the most common motivation of consumption was taking pleasure while In the study of Foroutani et al. When a number of people enter the university, the educational goal is training efficient and well-educated people, and when physical and psychological damage is encountered among students, in fact, the training process is impaired in addition to enduring treatment costs. Given that the graduates of medical sciences universities enter the cycle of providing health care services after graduation, paying attention to this group is more important. Since the findings of this study were only from one university, the results cannot be generalized to the entire population of students; this issue can considered as a limitation of the current study. Therefore, it is recommended for further studies to be conducted with a greater sample size. Considering the most important factors causing trends towards psychoactive drugs among Yazd University students was the lack of emotional support, psychological and social problems, and history of drug abuse in parents; both parents and university officials must make greater efforts to solve psychological, social, and emotional problem of the students. Overall, education development, promoting life skills, and improving recreational facilities and also creating a relaxed and tension-free atmosphere for students to participate in research, sport and cultural programs can be used as a preventive program, which bring back the goals of higher education. J Youth Adolescence. Mokri A. Brief overview of the status of drug abuse in Iran. Arch Iranian Med. Madadi A, Nogani F. The textbook of Addiction and substance abuse. Tehran: Jameanegar; Kalant H. The pharmacology and toxicology of 'ecstasy' MDMA and related drugs. Edwards R. The problem of tobacco smoking. Methamphetamine use and treatment in Iran: A systematic review from the most populated Persian Gulf country. Asian J Psychiatr. Drug use treatment and harm reduction programs in Iran: A unique model of health in the most populated Persian Gulf country. Iran J Psychiatr Behav Sci. Substance abuse in Iranian high school students. Addict Behav. Ahmadi J, Hasani M. Prevalence of substance use among Iranian high school students. Momtazi S, Rawson R. Substance abuse among Iranian high school students. Curr Opin Psychiatr. Prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse in young people, year old, living in Tehran, Iran. Res Med. Alcohol and drug use in UK university students. Martino-McAllister J. Alcohol and drug use among James Madison University students. Google Scholar; Williams L, Parker H. Alcohol, cannabis, ecstasy and cocaine: drugs of reasoned choice amongst young adult recreational drug users in England. Int J Drug Policy. Investigation of substance use prevalence and the interrelated factors involved through third-year high school students in Nazarabad city from January to June Razi J Med Sci. Foroutani MR, Rezaeian M. Knowledge and drug abuse among university students in the town of Larestan. Iran J Nurs. The rate of knowledge and attitude toward psychoactive drugs and its abuse prevalence in Gonabad University students. Horizon Med Sci. We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience. They also allow us to analyze user behavior in order to constantly improve the website for you. Abstract Background: Drug use has always been suggested as the first preventable agent of various diseases and deaths around the world. Nowadays, this problem is more prevalent among young people and students of universities that are at risk. Objectives: Due to the newness of the case and legal restrictions on psychoactive drugs use in Iran, there are no statistics regarding the prevalence of consuming these drugs; therefore, it was decided to determine the prevalence and causes of tendency towards psychoactive drugs use among students of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The present research was a cross sectional study, through which students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences were selected using systematic random sampling and investigated in Results: The prevalence of psychoactive drugs consumption was 5. The most important factor of tendency towards consumption of psychoactive drugs among students has been failure to meet their emotional needs Conclusions: Due to the relatively high prevalence of psychoactive drugs consumption in students of medical sciences as messengers of health, holding life skill workshops and consulting with students, providing appropriate recreational facilities seem essential in order to reduce the prevalence and prevent this dilemma. Background Drug consumption has always been proposed as the first preventable cause of various diseases and deaths worldwide 1. Objectives Due to the newness of the subject and legal restrictions on the consumption of psychoactive drugs, there is not enough evidence about the prevalence of consumption of these drugs among Iranian students; therefore, by relying on the highly sensitive role of students of medical sciences universities as caregivers of health of the society, it was decided to conduct the present study to determine the prevalence and causes of the tendency towards psychoactive drugs abuse in students of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, during year Materials and Methods 3. Sampling Overall, subjects was calculated as the required sample size for this study. Study Measures A self-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data Analysis After data collection, the data was coded and analyzed using the SPSS software version 16 and frequency tables, charts, and Chi-square, and also logistic regression test was used in order to estimate the odds ratio OR for demographic variables affecting the consumption of psychoactive drugs. Results During this study, Table 1. Figure 1. Percentage of Consumed Drugs by Consumer Students. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. References 1. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4. Leave a comment here:. Cookie Setting We use cookies to provide you with the best possible experience.
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