Xhamster Xhamster.Com
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Xhamster Xhamster.Com
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Tue, Dec 22nd 2020 03:44pm -
Copia Institute
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Summary: Formed in 2007 and operated out of Limassol, Cyprus, xHamster has worked its way up to become the 20th most-visited site on the internet. The site boasts 10 million members and hundreds of millions of daily visitors despite being blocked by a number of governments around the world.
Being in the pornography business poses unique moderation challenges. Not only do moderators deal with a flood of both amateur and professional submissions, they must take care to prevent the uploading of illegal content. This goes further than policing uploads for unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material. Moderators must also make decisions — with facts not in their possession — about the ages of performers in amateur videos to prevent being prosecuted for the distribution of child pornography.
Given the stakes, users would expect a well-staffed moderation team trained in the difficult art of discerning performers’ ages? or at least given the authority to block uploads until information about performers is obtained from uploaders.
Unfortunately, this does not appear to be the case. An undercover investigation by Vice shows one of the biggest sites on the internet has chosen to lower its costs by relying on an all-volunteer moderation team .
One member of the discussion is ?Holger?, a user created by VICE News to infiltrate the content moderation team and observe its inner workings. Holger finds himself in a team of over 100 unpaid, voluntary workers called ?the Reviewers Club?, which means he has partial control over which photos stay online and which are taken down.
Moderators are guided by a 480-page manual that explains what images and videos are permitted. The “Reviewers Club” then works its way through thousands of content submissions every day, making judgment calls on uploads in hopes of preventing illegal or forbidden content from going live on the site.
Questions and policy implications to consider:
Resolution : Despite the site’s popularity, xHamster has not made the move to paid moderation that does not involve site users whose personal preferences may result in unsound moderation decisions. The investigation performed by Vice shows some moderators are also content contributors, which raises more concerns about moderation decisions on borderline uploads.
While xHamster informs users that all uploaded content requires the “written consent” of all performers, there’s no evidence on hand that shows the site actually collects this information before approving uploads.
Further skewing moderation efforts is the site’s highly-unofficial “reward” program which grants “badges” to reviewers who review more content. The site’s guidelines only forbid the worst forms of content, including “blood, violence, rape” and “crying” (if it’s determined the crying is “real.”). Underage content is similarly forbidden, but reviewers have admitted to Vice policing underage content is “impossible.”
Moderation decisions are backstopped by the site, which requires several “votes” from moderators before making a decision on uploaded content. The “democratic” process helps mitigate questionable decisions made by the volunteer staff, but it creates the possibility that illicit content may obtain enough votes to skirt the site’s internal guidelines.
Originally published on the Trust & Safety Foundation website.
Just out of curiosity, how would one pronounce "Xhamster"? "Eks-HAM-stir"? "ZAM-stir"? I’d like to know, as the Wikipedia page is not producing any clues…
I would assume “eks-HAM-stir”, given that the site uses an image of a cartoon hamster as part of its header logo.
TL;DR – to "solve" this technically is beyond current means.
Long answer:
To answer Mr. Abram, it’s "Eks-Hamster". Not that it really matters, as you can pronounce it any way you like so long as you spell it right when you sign in. Like "Kubernetes". Seriously the debate can go all night long. Is it toe-may-toe or tuh-muh-toe?
As to the topic at hand, in a previous business I worked with an adult content creation business. They had hired a call-center’s worth of people to review content and apply "tags". For example, without getting NSFW, tags like "grandma" and "bondage" would be added to videos to which that would be applied so that future searches would be able to find them. In other words, if one tagged some videos as "grandma" someone searching for "grandma" would find them.
The toll on my friend who worked there was huge. She worked normal hours (9-5 US or 0900-1700 EU) and she had breaks but the whole time she was there it was watching pornography, clicking on "tags" and then moving on to the next segment. Some were, as she described the experience, disturbing.
Moderation is an art. The moderator has to apply subjective judgment to evaluate whether a particular item fits or doesn’t fit. A 480-page manual only hurts (but may shield liability for Xhamster down the road… but who is to say with today’s wolves in congress.)
To have effective moderation there ought to be an OBJECTIVE standard, which is difficult because what’s fine in California is not fine in South Carolina is not fine in Iraq and not fine in China. However, if such a standard could be defined, agreed upon (think international treaty) and codified, then an AI/Neural Net/cloud/crypto/blockchain/VC’s-give-me-cash could be set up to do it.
As always I appreciate the Copia Institute op-eds. Questions and policy implications to consider are difficult to sum up, but starting with CSAM is simply a shift to "What about the children?" It’s a consideration, to be sure, but THE VERY FIRST ONE? Children are not the primary users of the Internet or Xhamster.
Volunteer moderators and volunteer staff is just a money shift. It doesn’t address any of the issues in moderation… just a question of how cheap your labor can get. If you get great free moderators and volunteers, good for you. If you can’t, and you pay, and you get much better ones, good for you. The underlying issues (outlined above) don’t change at all based on how much you pay the people who have to watch the content and make subjective decisions.
Questions and policy implications to consider are difficult to sum up, but starting with CSAM is simply a shift to "What about the children?" It’s a consideration, to be sure, but THE VERY FIRST ONE? Children are not the primary users of the Internet or Xhamster.
You missed the point of the question. I’ll repeat it here for easier context:
Given the focus on child sexual abuse material by almost every government in the world, does the reliance on an all-volunteer moderation team given the impression xHamster doesn’t care enough about preventing further abuse or distribution of illicit content?
The question isn’t about “what about the children” or children as “xHamster users” or whatever you think it is. It’s about whether the reliance on a volunteer mod team makes xHamster look like it doesn’t give a shit about CSAM. And it is a fair question. If the owners of xHamster truly gave a shit, they’d hire a professional staff to moderate content as well as weed out and report CSAM. Maybe the xHamster owners don’t want to pay for the therapy that said staff would obviously need after spending hours upon hours of looking at porn (including fetish porn, both tame and “extreme”) as well as any CSAM they may come across. Maybe they don’t want to pay for any extra staff, period. But whatever the case, the fact that xHamster moderation relies on volunteers with seemingly no obligations to the site itself is disconcerting — at best.
This rings especially true after the recent PornHub purge. That site got rid of millions of videos because Mastercard and Visa started refusing to do business with it. That refusal was prompted by reporting from the New York Times that PornHub had a sizeable amount of CSAM on it (among other illegal/unlawful content). xHamster could end up on that same chopping block if the owners refuse to get their shit together and do more about any potential CSAM problem on that site. Asking volunteers to do the job of moderating the site does xHamster no favors in that regard.
"Professional staff to moderate content"???
Try reading the original article. Then read anything Mike or Tim have wrote about moderation. Once you have that concept read what I wrote.
THEN when you can FIX MODERATION for WEBSITES IN THE WORLD, speak up.
No, I haven’t. xHamster employs a small number of unpaid volunteers — people who have no legal, moral, or ethical obligation to work in the best interests of xHamster — to moderate all the content on that site. That could bite xHamster on its metaphorical ass, since credit card companies already have a bug up their own metaphorical asses about porn video sites with lax moderation. Any site that doesn’t appear to take moderation seriously — like, say, a site that uses unpaid volunteers instead of paid employees to handle moderation — could end up in the same position as PornHub.
And that doesn’t even get into the myriad issues with using unpaid volunteers with no obligations toward a given porn video site to moderate content. For example: What would happen to xHamster if a pedophile lands a mod position and uses it not to delete CSAM, but to download it?
xHamster has a serious issue to deal with. It doesn’t seem to take that issue seriously. Neither, apparently, do you.
You’ve still missed the entire point of content-based moderation. It doesn’t matter if Xhamster "employs unpaid volunteers" (a nonsense expression) or if they take something "seriously" or not or whether I do. I don’t work for Xhamster so my commenting on it doesn’t effect anything in their business.
What’s important, and I’ve exhorted reading other people’s writings… is that content-based moderation is somewhere between HARD and IMPOSSIBLE.
I know it’s difficult to get but here’s an analogy that may help:
Now switch it off from "simple text" to a video clip someone has to watch, has to know background of, may have a database to compare it to, etc. and the "problem" that even FaceBook can’t solve becomes exponentially more difficult.
We can’t fix with "throwing more bodies at it" anything we can’t fix to begin with.
I think that there maybe a few holes in their model, like not getting the written certification that all performers are consenting adults as they claim to do, but otherwise they seem to have found a working solution for their site.
There is no such thing as an unbiased, neutral, professional moderator of art, especially art that can be lovingly crafted at home by hand, so to speak. It’s impossible. And porn is a form of art. Those who earn badges that allow them moderate content are connoisseurs of sorts; people who enjoy the art and have developed vast knowledge and often a trusted sense of taste. While some pervert may temporarily get a moderator position, with a democratic structure that requires input from multiple people, they would quickly be discovered and outed. By relying on voluntary moderators, there are no performance metrics to burn people out, cause psychological fatigue or disturbance. They don’t have to depend on reviewing content to pay the rent, and they can do as much or as little as they like. Moderators are incentivized by their love of the art and continued curation of content to share with other art lovers. If they are reckless about screening out what they suspect is csam, they risk seeing their "museum" shut down and their reputation damaged, and even personal liability.
Consider Back Page, and the networks of both consumer reviewers and sex workers that had developed. While not all abuse could be prevented using the platform, it did bring some victims out of the shadows where they might never had been found and ultimately saved. People who only wish to participate in or facilitate successful and satisfactory transactions between consenting adults did not want to lose their platform to do so by turning a blind eye to abuse and victimization of kids or non-consenting adults, which is why they worked with law enforcement.
It might not appear to some governments that a voluntary program is indicative of a company that truly cares about preventing csam, but policing themselves vigorously is one of the best ways to avoid being arbitrarily (or rightfully) shut down or policed by a government authority.
We need to stop complaining about the imperfections of moderation and continue to develop flexible solutions that can be tailored to meet varied demands.
Backpage did nothing against the law. In fact, pre-VP-elect Kamala Harris testified (under oath) to Congress that she couldn’t do anything about them. That’s a complicated way of saying "Make laws, because they’re not violating any."
Then she moved to arrest two BP execs [quickly released, charges dismissed, etc.] to cement her "success" as a "tough" prosecutor. I do like her better than the alternatives, but I don’t like the hypocrisy.
BP didn’t create sex trade. It allowed people not to have to go walk to the streets and risk their lives. The elimination of Craigslist and Backpage and other avenues doesn’t REMOVE sex from the street; it just makes it much less safe.
Take your time. You
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