X Hole

X Hole

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Galactic X-ray source in the constellation Cygnus that is very likely a black hole
AG (or AGK2) +35 1910, BD +34 3815, HD (or HDE) 226868, HIP 98298, SAO 69181, V1357 Cyg. [2]

^ Jump up to: a b c d Vallenari, A.; et al. ( Gaia Collaboration) (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties" . Astronomy & Astrophysics . arXiv : 2208.00211 . doi : 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR .

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g V* V1357 Cyg – High Mass X-ray Binary , Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg, March 3, 2003 , retrieved 2008-03-03

^ Jump up to: a b Bregman, J.; Butler, D.; Kemper, E.; Koski, A.; Kraft, R. P.; Stone, R. P. S. (1973), "Colors, magnitudes, spectral types and distances for stars in the field of the X-ray source Cyg X-1", Lick Observatory Bulletin , 647 : 1, Bibcode : 1973LicOB..24....1B

^ Ninkov, Z.; Walker, G. A. H.; Yang, S. (1987), "The primary orbit and the absorption lines of HDE 226868 (Cygnus X-1)" , Astrophysical Journal , 321 : 425–437, Bibcode : 1987ApJ...321..425N , doi : 10.1086/165641 , archived from the original on 2017-09-22 , retrieved 2018-11-04

^ Jump up to: a b c Miller-Jones, James C. A.; et al. (18 February 2021). "Cygnus X-1 contains a 21–solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds" . Science . 371 (6533): 1046–1049. arXiv : 2102.09091 . Bibcode : 2021Sci...371.1046M . doi : 10.1126/science.abb3363 . PMID 33602863 . S2CID 231951746 . Retrieved 21 February 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b c Overbye, Dennis (18 February 2021). "A Famous Black Hole Gets a Massive Update – Cygnus X-1, one of the first identified black holes, is much weightier than expected, raising new questions about how such objects form" . The New York Times . Retrieved 21 February 2021 .

^ Jump up to: a b c d Ziółkowski, J. (2005), "Evolutionary constraints on the masses of the components of HDE 226868/Cyg X-1 binary system", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 358 (3): 851–859, arXiv : astro-ph/0501102 , Bibcode : 2005MNRAS.358..851Z , doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08796.x , S2CID 119334761 Note: for radius and luminosity, see Table 1 with d =2 kpc.

^ Hadrava, Petr (September 15–21, 2007), "Optical spectroscopy of Cyg X-1", Proceedings of RAGtime 8/9: Workshops on Black Holes and Neutron Stars , Opava, Czech Republic: 71, arXiv : 0710.0758 , Bibcode : 2007ragt.meet...71H

^ Jump up to: a b Integral's view of Cygnus X-1 , ESA, June 10, 2003 , retrieved 2008-03-20

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Mirabel, I. Félix; Rodrigues, Irapuan (2003), "Formation of a Black Hole in the Dark", Science , 300 (5622): 1119–1120, arXiv : astro-ph/0305205 , Bibcode : 2003Sci...300.1119M , doi : 10.1126/science.1083451 , PMID 12714674 , S2CID 45544180

^ Jump up to: a b c Bowyer, S.; Byram, E. T.; Chubb, T. A.; Friedman, H. (1965), "Cosmic X-ray Sources", Science , 147 (3656): 394–398, Bibcode : 1965Sci...147..394B , doi : 10.1126/science.147.3656.394 , PMID 17832788 , S2CID 206565068

^ Observations: Seeing in X-ray wavelengths , ESA, 2004-11-05 , retrieved 2008-08-12

^ Glister, Paul (2011), " Cygnus X-1: A Black Hole Confirmed ." Centauri Dreams: Imagining and Planning Interstellar Exploration , 2011-11-29. Accessed 2016-09-16.

^ Lewin, Walter; Van Der Klis, Michiel (2006), Compact Stellar X-ray Sources , Cambridge University Press, p. 159, ISBN 0-521-82659-4

^ "2010 X-Ray Sources" , The Astronomical Almanac , U.S. Naval Observatory , retrieved 2009-08-04 gives a range of 235– 1320 μJy at energies of 2– 10 kEv , where a Jansky (Jy) is 10 −26 Wm −2 Hz −1 .

^ The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Universe . New York, NY: Watson-Guptill. 2001. p. 175. ISBN 0-8230-2512-8 .

^ Harko, T. (June 28, 2006), Black Holes , University of Hong Kong, archived from the original on February 10, 2009 , retrieved 2008-03-28

^ Miller-Jones, James C. A.; Bahramian, Arash; Orosz, Jerome A.; Mandel, Ilya; Gou, Lijun; Maccarone, Thomas J.; Neijssel, Coenraad J.; Zhao, Xueshan; Ziółkowski, Janusz; Reid, Mark J.; Uttley, Phil; Zheng, Xueying; Byun, Do-Young; Dodson, Richard; Grinberg, Victoria; Jung, Taehyun; Kim, Jeong-Sook; Marcote, Benito; Markoff, Sera; Rioja, María J.; Rushton, Anthony P.; Russell, David M.; Sivakoff, Gregory R.; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tudose, Valeriu; Wilms, Joern (5 March 2021). "Cygnus X-1 contains a 21–solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds". Science . 371 (6533): 1046–1049. arXiv : 2102.09091 . Bibcode : 2021Sci...371.1046M . doi : 10.1126/science.abb3363 . PMID 33602863 . S2CID 231951746 .

^ Ziolkowski, Janusz (2014). "Masses of the components of the HDE 226868/Cyg X-1 binary system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters . 440 : L61. arXiv : 1401.1035 . Bibcode : 2014MNRAS.440L..61Z . doi : 10.1093/mnrasl/slu002 . S2CID 54841624 .

^ Jump up to: a b Gies, D. R.; Bolton, C. T. (1986), "The optical spectrum of HDE 226868 = Cygnus X-1. II — Spectrophotometry and mass estimates", The Astrophysical Journal , 304 : 371–393, Bibcode : 1986ApJ...304..371G , doi : 10.1086/164171

^ Nayakshin, Sergei; Dove, James B. (November 3, 1998), "X-rays From Magnetic Flares In Cygnus X-1: The Role Of A Transition Layer", arXiv : astro-ph/9811059

^ Jump up to: a b Young, A. J.; Fabian, A. C.; Ross, R. R.; Tanaka, Y. (2001), "A Complete Relativistic Ionized Accretion Disc in Cygnus X-1", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 325 (3): 1045–1052, arXiv : astro-ph/0103214 , Bibcode : 2001MNRAS.325.1045Y , doi : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04498.x , S2CID 14226526

^ Gallo, Elena; Fender, Rob (2005), "Accretion modes and jet production in black hole X-ray binaries", Memorie della Società Astronomica Italiana , 76 : 600–607, arXiv : astro-ph/0509172 , Bibcode : 2005MmSAI..76..600G

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^ This is the distance light can travel in a third of a second.

^ Kristian, J.; Brucato, R.; Visvanathan, N.; Lanning, H.; Sandage, A. (1971), "On the Optical Identification of Cygnus X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , 168 : L91–L93, Bibcode : 1971ApJ...168L..91K , doi : 10.1086/180790

^ Braes, L. L. E.; Miley, G. K. (July 23, 1971), "Physical Sciences: Detection of Radio Emission from Cygnus X-1", Nature , 232 (5308): 246, Bibcode : 1971Natur.232Q.246B , doi : 10.1038/232246a0 , PMID 16062947 , S2CID 33340308

^ Braes, L. L. E.; Miley, G. K. (1971), "Variable Radio Emission from X-Ray Sources", Veröffentlichungen Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg , 9 (100): 173, Bibcode : 1972VeBam.100......

^ Abrams, Bernard; Stecker, Michael (1999), Structures in Space: Hidden Secrets of the Deep Sky , Springer, p. 91, ISBN 1-85233-165-8 , Eta Cygni is 25 arc minutes to the west-south-west of this star.

^ Webster, B. Louise; Murdin, Paul (1972), "Cygnus X-1—a Spectroscopic Binary with a Heavy Companion?", Nature , 235 (5332): 37–38, Bibcode : 1972Natur.235...37W , doi : 10.1038/235037a0 , S2CID 4195462

^ Bolton, C. T. (1972), "Identification of Cygnus X-1 with HDE 226868", Nature , 235 (5336): 271–273, Bibcode : 1972Natur.235..271B , doi : 10.1038/235271b0 , S2CID 4222070

^ Luminet, Jean-Pierre (1992), Black Holes , Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-40906-3

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^ Rolston, Bruce (November 10, 1997), The First Black Hole , University of Toronto, archived from the original on March 7, 2008 , retrieved 2008-03-11

^ Shipman, H. L.; Yu, Z.; Du, Y. W. (1975), "The implausible history of triple star models for Cygnus X-1 Evidence for a black hole", Astrophysical Letters , 16 (1): 9–12, Bibcode : 1975ApL....16....9S , doi : 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00384-4

^ Rothschild, R. E.; Boldt, E. A.; Holt, S. S.; Serlemitsos, P. J. (1974), "Millisecond Temporal Structure in Cygnus X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , 189 : 77–115, Bibcode : 1974ApJ...189L..13R , doi : 10.1086/181452

^ Koerding, Elmar; Jester, Sebastian; Fender, Rob (2006), "Accretion states and radio loudness in Active Galactic Nuclei: analogies with X-ray binaries", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 372 (3): 1366–1378, arXiv : astro-ph/0608628 , Bibcode : 2006MNRAS.372.1366K , doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10954.x , S2CID 14833297

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^ Jump up to: a b c Orosz, Jerome (December 1, 2011), "The Mass of the Black Hole In Cygnus X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , 742 (2): 84, arXiv : 1106.3689 , Bibcode : 2011ApJ...742...84O , doi : 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/84 , S2CID 18732012

^ Bolton, C. T. (1975), "Optical observations and model for Cygnus X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , 200 : 269–277, Bibcode : 1975ApJ...200..269B , doi : 10.1086/153785

^ Reid, Mark J.; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Narayan, Ramesh; Gou, Lijun; Remillard, Ronald A.; Orosz, Jerome A. (December 2011), "The Trigonometric Parallax of Cygnus X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , 742 (2): 83, arXiv : 1106.3688 , Bibcode : 2011ApJ...742...83R , doi : 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/83 , S2CID 96429771

^ Kemp, J. C.; Karitskaya, E. A.; Kumsiashvili, M. I.; Lyutyi, V. M.; Cherepashchuk, A. M. (April 1987). "Longperiod Optical Variability of the CYGNUS-X-1 System" . Soviet Astronomy . 31 (2): 170. Bibcode : 1987SvA....31..170K . Retrieved 27 December 2021 .

^ Gursky, H.; Gorenstein, P.; Kerr, F. J.; Grayzeck, E. J. (1971), "The Estimated Distance to Cygnus X-1 Based on its Low-Energy X-Ray Spectrum", Astrophysical Journal , 167 : L15, Bibcode : 1971ApJ...167L..15G , doi : 10.1086/180751

^ Goebel, Greg, 7.0 The Milky Way Galaxy , In The Public Domain, archived from the original on 2008-06-12 , retrieved 2008-06-29

^ Strohmayer, Tod; Shaposhnikov, Nikolai; Schartel, Norbert (May 16, 2007), New technique for 'weighing' black holes , ESA , retrieved 2008-03-10

^ Scientists find black hole's 'point of no return' , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 9, 2006, archived from the original on 13 January 2006 , retrieved 2008-03-28

^ Dolan, Joseph F. (2001), "Dying Pulse Trains in Cygnus XR-1: Evidence for an Event Horizon?", The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific , 113 (786): 974–982, Bibcode : 2001PASP..113..974D , doi : 10.1086/322917

^ Miller, J. M.; Fabian, A. C.; Nowak, M. A.; Lewin, W. H. G. (July 20–26, 2003), "Relativistic Iron Lines in Galactic Black Holes: Recent Results and Lines in the ASCA Archive", Proceedings of the 10th Annual Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, p. 1296, arXiv : astro-ph/0402101 , Bibcode : 2006tmgm.meet.1296M , doi : 10.1142/9789812704030_0093 , ISBN 9789812566676 , S2CID 119336501

^ Roy, Steve; Watzke, Megan (September 17, 2003), " "Iron-Clad" Evidence For Spinning Black Hole" , Chandra Press Release , Chandra press Room: 21, Bibcode : 2003cxo..pres...21. , retrieved 2008-03-11

^ Gou, Lijun; McClintock, Jeffrey E.; Reid, Mark J.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Steiner, James F.; Narayan, Ramesh; Xiang, Jingen; Remillard, Ronald A.; Arnaud, Keith A.; Davis, Shane W. (November 9, 2011), "The Extreme Spin of the Black Hole in Cygnus X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , American Astronomical Society , 742 (85): 85, arXiv : 1106.3690 , Bibcode : 2011ApJ...742...85G , doi : 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/85 , S2CID 16525257

^ Podsiadlowski, Philipp; Saul, Rappaport; Han, Zhanwen (2003), "On the formation and evolution of black-hole binaries", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 341 (2): 385–404, arXiv : astro-ph/0207153 , Bibcode : 2003MNRAS.341..385P , doi : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06464.x , S2CID 119476943

^ More Images of Cygnus X-1, XTE J1650-500 & GX 339-4 , Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics/Chandra X-ray Center, August 30, 2006 , retrieved 2008-03-30

^ Ling, J. C.; Wheaton, Wm. A.; Wallyn, P.; Mahoney, W. A.; Paciesas, W. S.; Harmon, B. A.; Fishman, G. J.; Zhang, S. N.; Hua, X. M. (1997), "Gamma-Ray Spectra and Variability of Cygnus X-1 Observed by BATSE", The Astrophysical Journal , 484 (1): 375–382, Bibcode : 1997ApJ...484..375L , doi : 10.1086/304323

^ Kylafis, N.; Giannios, D.; Psaltis, D. (2006), "Spectra and time variability of black-hole binaries in the low/hard state", Advances in Space Research , 38 (12): 2810–2812, Bibcode : 2006AdSpR..38.2810K , doi : 10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.045

^ Titarchuk, Lev; Shaposhnikov, Nikolai (February 9, 2008), "On the nature of the variability power decay towards soft spectral states in X-ray binaries. Case study in Cyg X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , 678 (2): 1230–1236, arXiv : 0802.1278 , Bibcode : 2008ApJ...678.1230T , doi : 10.1086/587124 , S2CID 5195999

^ Fabian, A. C.; Miller, J. M. (August 9, 2002), "Black Holes Reveal Their Innermost Secrets", Science , 297 (5583): 947–948, doi : 10.1126/science.1074957 , PMID 12169716 , S2CID 118027201

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^ Narayan, Ramesh (2003), "Evidence for the black hole event horizon", Astronomy & Geophysics , 44 (6): 77–115, arXiv : gr-qc/0204080 , Bibcode : 2003A&G....44f..22N , doi : 10.1046/j.1468-4004.2003.44622.x

^ Jump up to: a b Torres, Diego F.; Romero, Gustavo E.; Barcons, Xavier; Lu, Youjun (2005), "Probing the Precession of the Inner Accretion Disk in Cygnus X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , 626 (2): 1015–1019, arXiv : astro-ph/0503186 , Bibcode : 2005ApJ...626.1015T , doi : 10.1086/430125 , S2CID 16569507

^ S. K. Chakrabarti; L. G. Titarchuk (1995). "Spectral Properties of Accretion Disks around Galactic and Extragalactic Black Holes". Astrophysical Journal . 455 : 623–668. arXiv : astro-ph/9510005v2 . Bibcode : 1995ApJ...455..623C . doi : 10.1086/176610 . S2CID 18151304 .

^ S. K. Chakrabarti; S. Mandal (2006). "The Spectral Properties of Shocked Two-Component Accretion Flows in the Presence of Synchrotron Emission". The Astrophysical Journal . 642 (1): L49–L52. Bibcode : 2006ApJ...642L..49C . doi : 10.1086/504319 . S2CID 122610073 .

^ Kitamoto, S.; E. Wataru, E.; Miyamoto, S.; Tsunemi, H.; Ling, J. C.; Wheaton, W. A.; Paul, B. (2000), " GINGA All-Sky Monitor Observations of Cygnus X-1", The Astrophysical Journal , 531 (1): 546–552, Bibcode : 2000ApJ...531..546K , doi : 10.1086/308423

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^ Russell, D. M.; Fender, R. P.; Gallo, E.; Kaiser, C. R. (2007), "The jet-powered optical nebula of Cygnus X-1", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , 376 (3): 1341–1349, arXiv : astro-ph/0701645 , Bibcode : 2007MNRAS.376.1341R , doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11539.x , S2CID 18689655

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^ Gallo, E.; Fender, Rob; Kaiser, Christian; Russell, David; Morganti, Raffaella; Oosterloo, Tom; Heinz, Sebastian (2005), "A dark jet dominates the power output of the stellar black hole Cygnus X-1", Nature , 436 (7052): 819–821, arXiv : astro-ph/0508228 , Bibcode : 2005Natur.436..819G , doi : 10.1038/nature03879 , PMID 16094361 , S2CID 4404783

^ Albert, J.; Aliu, E.; Anderhub, H.; Antoranz, P.; Armada, A.; Baixeras, C.; Barrio, J. A.; Bartko, H.; Bastieri, D.; Becker, J. K.; Bednarek, W.; Berger, K.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Bock, R. K.; Bordas, P.; Bosch-Ramon, V.; Bretz, T.; Britvitch, I.; Camara, M.; Carmona, E.; Chilingarian, A.; Coarasa, J. A.; Commichau, S.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Costado, M. T.; Curtef, V.; Danielyan, V.; Dazzi, F. (2007), "Very High Energy Gamma-ray Radiation from the Stellar-mass Black Hole Cygnus X-1", Astrophysical Journal Letters , 665 (1): L51–L54, arXiv : 0706.1505 , Bibcode : 2007ApJ...665L..51A , doi : 10.1086/521145 , S2CID 15302221

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^ Jump up to: a b Miller, J. M.; Wojdowski, P.; Schulz, N. S.; Marshall, H. L.; Fabian, A. C.; Remillard, R. A.; Wijnands, R.; Lewin, W. H. G. (2005), "Revealing the Focused Companion Wind in Cygnus X-1 with Chandra ", The Astrophysical Journal , 620 (1): 398–404, arXiv : astro-ph/0208463 , Bibcode : 2005ApJ...620..398M , doi : 10.1086/426701 , S2CID 51806148

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